/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* ts_selfuncs . c
* Selectivity estimation functions for text search operators .
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / tsearch / ts_selfuncs . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "access/htup_details.h"
#include "catalog/pg_statistic.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/nodes.h"
#include "tsearch/ts_type.h"
#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/selfuncs.h"
/*
* The default text search selectivity is chosen to be small enough to
* encourage indexscans for typical table densities . See selfuncs . h and
* DEFAULT_EQ_SEL for details .
*/
#define DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL 0 .005
/* lookup table type for binary searching through MCELEMs */
typedef struct
{
text *element;
float4 frequency;
} TextFreq;
/* type of keys for bsearch'ing through an array of TextFreqs */
typedef struct
{
char *lexeme;
int length;
} LexemeKey;
static Selectivity tsquerysel(VariableStatData *vardata, Datum constval);
static Selectivity mcelem_tsquery_selec(TSQuery query,
Datum *mcelem, int nmcelem,
float4 *numbers, int nnumbers);
static Selectivity tsquery_opr_selec(QueryItem *item, char *operand,
TextFreq *lookup, int length, float4 minfreq);
static int compare_lexeme_textfreq(const void *e1, const void *e2);
#define tsquery_opr_selec_no_stats(query) \
tsquery_opr_selec(GETQUERY(query), GETOPERAND(query), NULL, 0 , 0 )
/*
* tsmatchsel - - Selectivity of " @ @ "
*
* restriction selectivity function for tsvector @ @ tsquery and
* tsquery @ @ tsvector
*/
Datum
tsmatchsel(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
PlannerInfo *root = (PlannerInfo *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0 );
#ifdef NOT_USED
Oid operator = PG_GETARG_OID(1 );
#endif
List *args = (List *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(2 );
int varRelid = PG_GETARG_INT32(3 );
VariableStatData vardata;
Node *other;
bool varonleft;
Selectivity selec;
/*
* If expression is not variable = something or something = variable , then
* punt and return a default estimate .
*/
if (!get_restriction_variable(root, args, varRelid,
&vardata, &other, &varonleft))
PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL);
/*
* Can ' t do anything useful if the something is not a constant , either .
*/
if (!IsA(other, Const ))
{
ReleaseVariableStats(vardata);
PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL);
}
/*
* The " @ @ " operator is strict , so we can cope with NULL right away
*/
if (((Const *) other)->constisnull)
{
ReleaseVariableStats(vardata);
PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(0 .0 );
}
/*
* OK , there ' s a Var and a Const we ' re dealing with here . We need the
* Const to be a TSQuery , else we can ' t do anything useful . We have to
* check this because the Var might be the TSQuery not the TSVector .
*
* Also check that the Var really is a TSVector , in case this estimator is
* mistakenly attached to some other operator .
*/
if (((Const *) other)->consttype == TSQUERYOID &&
vardata.vartype == TSVECTOROID)
{
/* tsvector @@ tsquery or the other way around */
selec = tsquerysel(&vardata, ((Const *) other)->constvalue);
}
else
{
/* If we can't see the query structure, must punt */
selec = DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL;
}
ReleaseVariableStats(vardata);
CLAMP_PROBABILITY(selec);
PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((float8) selec);
}
/*
* tsmatchjoinsel - - join selectivity of " @ @ "
*
* join selectivity function for tsvector @ @ tsquery and tsquery @ @ tsvector
*/
Datum
tsmatchjoinsel(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
/* for the moment we just punt */
PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL);
}
/*
* @ @ selectivity for tsvector var vs tsquery constant
*/
static Selectivity
tsquerysel(VariableStatData *vardata, Datum constval)
{
Selectivity selec;
TSQuery query;
/* The caller made sure the const is a TSQuery, so get it now */
query = DatumGetTSQuery(constval);
/* Empty query matches nothing */
if (query->size == 0 )
return (Selectivity) 0 .0 ;
if (HeapTupleIsValid(vardata->statsTuple))
{
Form_pg_statistic stats;
AttStatsSlot sslot;
stats = (Form_pg_statistic) GETSTRUCT(vardata->statsTuple);
/* MCELEM will be an array of TEXT elements for a tsvector column */
if (get_attstatsslot(&sslot, vardata->statsTuple,
STATISTIC_KIND_MCELEM, InvalidOid,
ATTSTATSSLOT_VALUES | ATTSTATSSLOT_NUMBERS))
{
/*
* There is a most - common - elements slot for the tsvector Var , so
* use that .
*/
selec = mcelem_tsquery_selec(query, sslot.values, sslot.nvalues,
sslot.numbers, sslot.nnumbers);
free_attstatsslot(&sslot);
}
else
{
/* No most-common-elements info, so do without */
selec = tsquery_opr_selec_no_stats(query);
}
/*
* MCE stats count only non - null rows , so adjust for null rows .
*/
selec *= (1 .0 - stats->stanullfrac);
}
else
{
/* No stats at all, so do without */
selec = tsquery_opr_selec_no_stats(query);
/* we assume no nulls here, so no stanullfrac correction */
}
return selec;
}
/*
* Extract data from the pg_statistic arrays into useful format .
*/
static Selectivity
mcelem_tsquery_selec(TSQuery query, Datum *mcelem, int nmcelem,
float4 *numbers, int nnumbers)
{
float4 minfreq;
TextFreq *lookup;
Selectivity selec;
int i;
/*
* There should be two more Numbers than Values , because the last two
* cells are taken for minimal and maximal frequency . Punt if not .
*
* ( Note : the MCELEM statistics slot definition allows for a third extra
* number containing the frequency of nulls , but we ' re not expecting that
* to appear for a tsvector column . )
*/
if (nnumbers != nmcelem + 2 )
return tsquery_opr_selec_no_stats(query);
/*
* Transpose the data into a single array so we can use bsearch ( ) .
*/
lookup = (TextFreq *) palloc(sizeof (TextFreq) * nmcelem);
for (i = 0 ; i < nmcelem; i++)
{
/*
* The text Datums came from an array , so it cannot be compressed or
* stored out - of - line - - it ' s safe to use VARSIZE_ANY * .
*/
Assert(!VARATT_IS_COMPRESSED(mcelem[i]) && !VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL(mcelem[i]));
lookup[i].element = (text *) DatumGetPointer(mcelem[i]);
lookup[i].frequency = numbers[i];
}
/*
* Grab the lowest frequency . compute_tsvector_stats ( ) stored it for us in
* the one before the last cell of the Numbers array . See ts_typanalyze . c
*/
minfreq = numbers[nnumbers - 2 ];
selec = tsquery_opr_selec(GETQUERY(query), GETOPERAND(query), lookup,
nmcelem, minfreq);
pfree(lookup);
return selec;
}
/*
* Traverse the tsquery in preorder , calculating selectivity as :
*
* selec ( left_oper ) * selec ( right_oper ) in AND & PHRASE nodes ,
*
* selec ( left_oper ) + selec ( right_oper ) -
* selec ( left_oper ) * selec ( right_oper ) in OR nodes ,
*
* 1 - select ( oper ) in NOT nodes
*
* histogram - based estimation in prefix VAL nodes
*
* freq [ val ] in exact VAL nodes , if the value is in MCELEM
* min ( freq [ MCELEM ] ) / 2 in VAL nodes , if it is not
*
* The MCELEM array is already sorted ( see ts_typanalyze . c ) , so we can use
* binary search for determining freq [ MCELEM ] .
*
* If we don ' t have stats for the tsvector , we still use this logic ,
* except we use default estimates for VAL nodes . This case is signaled
* by lookup = = NULL .
*/
static Selectivity
tsquery_opr_selec(QueryItem *item, char *operand,
TextFreq *lookup, int length, float4 minfreq)
{
Selectivity selec;
/* since this function recurses, it could be driven to stack overflow */
check_stack_depth();
if (item->type == QI_VAL)
{
QueryOperand *oper = (QueryOperand *) item;
LexemeKey key;
/*
* Prepare the key for bsearch ( ) .
*/
key.lexeme = operand + oper->distance;
key.length = oper->length;
if (oper->prefix)
{
/* Prefix match, ie the query item is lexeme:* */
Selectivity matched,
allmces;
int i,
n_matched;
/*
* Our strategy is to scan through the MCELEM list and combine the
* frequencies of the ones that match the prefix . We then
* extrapolate the fraction of matching MCELEMs to the remaining
* rows , assuming that the MCELEMs are representative of the whole
* lexeme population in this respect . ( Compare
* histogram_selectivity ( ) . ) Note that these are most common
* elements not most common values , so they ' re not mutually
* exclusive . We treat occurrences as independent events .
*
* This is only a good plan if we have a pretty fair number of
* MCELEMs available ; we set the threshold at 100 . If no stats or
* insufficient stats , arbitrarily use DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL * 4 .
*/
if (lookup == NULL || length < 100 )
return (Selectivity) (DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL * 4 );
matched = allmces = 0 ;
n_matched = 0 ;
for (i = 0 ; i < length; i++)
{
TextFreq *t = lookup + i;
int tlen = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t->element);
if (tlen >= key.length &&
strncmp(key.lexeme, VARDATA_ANY(t->element),
key.length) == 0 )
{
matched += t->frequency - matched * t->frequency;
n_matched++;
}
allmces += t->frequency - allmces * t->frequency;
}
/* Clamp to ensure sanity in the face of roundoff error */
CLAMP_PROBABILITY(matched);
CLAMP_PROBABILITY(allmces);
selec = matched + (1 .0 - allmces) * ((double ) n_matched / length);
/*
* In any case , never believe that a prefix match has selectivity
* less than we would assign for a non - MCELEM lexeme . This
* preserves the property that " word : * " should be estimated to
* match at least as many rows as " word " would be .
*/
selec = Max(Min(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL, minfreq / 2 ), selec);
}
else
{
/* Regular exact lexeme match */
TextFreq *searchres;
/* If no stats for the variable, use DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL */
if (lookup == NULL)
return (Selectivity) DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL;
searchres = (TextFreq *) bsearch(&key, lookup, length,
sizeof (TextFreq),
compare_lexeme_textfreq);
if (searchres)
{
/*
* The element is in MCELEM . Return precise selectivity ( or
* at least as precise as ANALYZE could find out ) .
*/
selec = searchres->frequency;
}
else
{
/*
* The element is not in MCELEM . Punt , but assume that the
* selectivity cannot be more than minfreq / 2 .
*/
selec = Min(DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL, minfreq / 2 );
}
}
}
else
{
/* Current TSQuery node is an operator */
Selectivity s1,
s2;
switch (item->qoperator.oper)
{
case OP_NOT:
selec = 1 .0 - tsquery_opr_selec(item + 1 , operand,
lookup, length, minfreq);
break ;
case OP_PHRASE:
case OP_AND:
s1 = tsquery_opr_selec(item + 1 , operand,
lookup, length, minfreq);
s2 = tsquery_opr_selec(item + item->qoperator.left, operand,
lookup, length, minfreq);
selec = s1 * s2;
break ;
case OP_OR:
s1 = tsquery_opr_selec(item + 1 , operand,
lookup, length, minfreq);
s2 = tsquery_opr_selec(item + item->qoperator.left, operand,
lookup, length, minfreq);
selec = s1 + s2 - s1 * s2;
break ;
default :
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized operator: %d" , item->qoperator.oper);
selec = 0 ; /* keep compiler quiet */
break ;
}
}
/* Clamp intermediate results to stay sane despite roundoff error */
CLAMP_PROBABILITY(selec);
return selec;
}
/*
* bsearch ( ) comparator for a lexeme ( non - NULL terminated string with length )
* and a TextFreq . Use length , then byte - for - byte comparison , because that ' s
* how ANALYZE code sorted data before storing it in a statistic tuple .
* See ts_typanalyze . c for details .
*/
static int
compare_lexeme_textfreq(const void *e1, const void *e2)
{
const LexemeKey *key = (const LexemeKey *) e1;
const TextFreq *t = (const TextFreq *) e2;
int len1,
len2;
len1 = key->length;
len2 = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t->element);
/* Compare lengths first, possibly avoiding a strncmp call */
if (len1 > len2)
return 1 ;
else if (len1 < len2)
return -1 ;
/* Fall back on byte-for-byte comparison */
return strncmp(key->lexeme, VARDATA_ANY(t->element), len1);
}
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