# Copyright (c) 2023-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group # # Test detecting end-of-WAL conditions. This test suite generates # fake defective page and record headers to trigger various failure # scenarios.
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
use Test::More;
use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET);
use integer; # causes / operator to use integer math
# Is this a big-endian system ("network" byte order)? We can't use 'Q' in # pack() calls because it's not available in some perl builds, so we need to # break 64 bit LSN values into two 'I' values. Fortunately we don't need to # deal with high values, so we can just write 0 for the high order 32 bits, but # we need to know the endianness to do that.
my $BIG_ENDIAN = pack("L", 0x12345678) eq pack("N", 0x12345678);
# Fields retrieved from code headers.
my @scan_result = scan_server_header('access/xlog_internal.h', '#define\s+XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC\s+(\w+)');
my $XLP_PAGE_MAGIC = hex($scan_result[0]);
@scan_result = scan_server_header('access/xlog_internal.h', '#define\s+XLP_FIRST_IS_CONTRECORD\s+(\w+)');
my $XLP_FIRST_IS_CONTRECORD = hex($scan_result[0]);
# Values queried from the server
my $WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE;
my $WAL_BLOCK_SIZE;
my $TLI;
# Get GUC value, converted to an int.
sub get_int_setting
{
my $node = shift;
my $name = shift;
return int(
$node->safe_psql( 'postgres', "SELECT setting FROM pg_settings WHERE name = '$name'"));
}
sub start_of_page
{
my $lsn = shift;
return $lsn & ~($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE - 1);
}
sub start_of_next_page
{
my $lsn = shift;
return start_of_page($lsn) + $WAL_BLOCK_SIZE;
}
# Build a fake WAL record header based on the data given by the caller. # This needs to follow the format of the C structure XLogRecord. To # be inserted with write_wal().
sub build_record_header
{
my $xl_tot_len = shift;
my $xl_xid = shift || 0;
my $xl_prev = shift || 0;
my $xl_info = shift || 0;
my $xl_rmid = shift || 0;
my $xl_crc = shift || 0;
# This needs to follow the structure XLogRecord: # I for xl_tot_len # I for xl_xid # II for xl_prev # C for xl_info # C for xl_rmid # BB for two bytes of padding # I for xl_crc
return pack("IIIICCBBI",
$xl_tot_len, $xl_xid,
$BIG_ENDIAN ? 0 : $xl_prev,
$BIG_ENDIAN ? $xl_prev : 0,
$xl_info, $xl_rmid, 0, 0, $xl_crc);
}
# Build a fake WAL page header, based on the data given by the caller # This needs to follow the format of the C structure XLogPageHeaderData. # To be inserted with write_wal().
sub build_page_header
{
my $xlp_magic = shift;
my $xlp_info = shift || 0;
my $xlp_tli = shift || 0;
my $xlp_pageaddr = shift || 0;
my $xlp_rem_len = shift || 0;
# This needs to follow the structure XLogPageHeaderData: # S for xlp_magic # S for xlp_info # I for xlp_tli # II for xlp_pageaddr # I for xlp_rem_len
return pack("SSIIII",
$xlp_magic, $xlp_info, $xlp_tli,
$BIG_ENDIAN ? 0 : $xlp_pageaddr,
$BIG_ENDIAN ? $xlp_pageaddr : 0, $xlp_rem_len);
}
# Setup a new node. The configuration chosen here minimizes the number # of arbitrary records that could get generated in a cluster. Enlarging # checkpoint_timeout avoids noise with checkpoint activity. wal_level # set to "minimal" avoids random standby snapshot records. Autovacuum # could also trigger randomly, generating random WAL activity of its own.
my $node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new("node");
$node->init;
$node->append_conf( 'postgresql.conf',
q[wal_level = minimal
autovacuum = off
checkpoint_timeout = '30min'
]);
$node->start;
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE TABLE t AS SELECT 42");
# Initial LSN may vary across systems due to different catalog contents set up # by initdb. Switch to a new WAL file so all systems start out in the same # place. The first test depends on trailing zeroes on a page with a valid # header.
$node->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT pg_switch_wal();");
# xl_tot_len is 0 (a common case, we hit trailing zeroes).
$node->emit_wal(0);
$end_lsn = $node->advance_wal_out_of_record_splitting_zone($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
$node->stop('immediate');
my $log_size = -s $node->logfile;
$node->start;
ok( $node->log_contains( "invalid record length at .*: expected at least 24, got 0", $log_size
), "xl_tot_len zero");
# xl_tot_len is < 24 (presumably recycled garbage).
$node->emit_wal(0);
$end_lsn = $node->advance_wal_out_of_record_splitting_zone($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
$node->stop('immediate');
$node->write_wal($TLI, $end_lsn, $WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE, build_record_header(23));
$log_size = -s $node->logfile;
$node->start;
ok( $node->log_contains( "invalid record length at .*: expected at least 24, got 23",
$log_size), "xl_tot_len short");
# xl_tot_len in final position, not big enough to span into a new page but # also not eligible for regular record header validation
$node->emit_wal(0);
$end_lsn = $node->advance_wal_to_record_splitting_zone($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
$node->stop('immediate');
$node->write_wal($TLI, $end_lsn, $WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE, build_record_header(1));
$log_size = -s $node->logfile;
$node->start;
ok( $node->log_contains( "invalid record length at .*: expected at least 24, got 1", $log_size
), "xl_tot_len short at end-of-page");
# Need more pages, but xl_prev check fails first.
$node->emit_wal(0);
$end_lsn = $node->advance_wal_out_of_record_splitting_zone($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
$node->stop('immediate');
$node->write_wal($TLI, $end_lsn, $WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE,
build_record_header(2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, 0, 0xdeadbeef));
$log_size = -s $node->logfile;
$node->start;
ok( $node->log_contains( "record with incorrect prev-link 0/DEADBEEF at .*", $log_size), "xl_prev bad");
# xl_crc check fails.
$node->emit_wal(0);
$node->advance_wal_out_of_record_splitting_zone($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
$end_lsn = $node->emit_wal(10);
$node->stop('immediate'); # Corrupt a byte in that record, breaking its CRC.
$node->write_wal($TLI, $end_lsn - 8, $WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE, '!');
$log_size = -s $node->logfile;
$node->start;
ok( $node->log_contains( "incorrect resource manager data checksum in record at .*", $log_size
), "xl_crc bad");
###########################################################################
note "Multi-page end-of-WAL detection, header is not split"; ###########################################################################
# This series of tests requires a valid xl_prev set in the record header # written to WAL.
# Good xl_prev, we hit zero page next (zero magic).
$node->emit_wal(0);
$prev_lsn = $node->advance_wal_out_of_record_splitting_zone($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
$end_lsn = $node->emit_wal(0);
$node->stop('immediate');
$node->write_wal($TLI, $end_lsn, $WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE,
build_record_header(2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, 0, $prev_lsn));
$log_size = -s $node->logfile;
$node->start;
ok($node->log_contains("invalid magic number 0000 .* LSN .*", $log_size), "xlp_magic zero");
###########################################################################
note "Multi-page, but header is split, so page checks are done first"; ###########################################################################
# xl_prev is bad and xl_tot_len is too big, but we'll check xlp_magic first.
$node->emit_wal(0);
$end_lsn = $node->advance_wal_to_record_splitting_zone($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
$node->stop('immediate');
$node->write_wal($TLI, $end_lsn, $WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE,
build_record_header(2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, 0, 0xdeadbeef));
$log_size = -s $node->logfile;
$node->start;
ok($node->log_contains("invalid magic number 0000 .* LSN .*", $log_size), "xlp_magic zero (split record header)");
# And we'll also check xlp_pageaddr before any header checks.
$node->emit_wal(0);
$end_lsn = $node->advance_wal_to_record_splitting_zone($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
$node->stop('immediate');
$node->write_wal($TLI, $end_lsn, $WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE,
build_record_header(2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, 0, 0xdeadbeef));
$node->write_wal(
$TLI,
start_of_next_page($end_lsn),
$WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE,
build_page_header(
$XLP_PAGE_MAGIC, $XLP_FIRST_IS_CONTRECORD, 1, 0xbaaaaaad));
$log_size = -s $node->logfile;
$node->start;
ok( $node->log_contains( "unexpected pageaddr 0/BAAAAAAD in .*, LSN .*,", $log_size), "xlp_pageaddr bad (split record header)");
# We'll also discover that xlp_rem_len doesn't add up before any # header checks,
$node->emit_wal(0);
$end_lsn = $node->advance_wal_to_record_splitting_zone($WAL_BLOCK_SIZE);
$node->stop('immediate');
$node->write_wal($TLI, $end_lsn, $WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE,
build_record_header(2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, 0, 0xdeadbeef));
$node->write_wal(
$TLI,
start_of_next_page($end_lsn),
$WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE,
build_page_header(
$XLP_PAGE_MAGIC, $XLP_FIRST_IS_CONTRECORD, 1, start_of_next_page($end_lsn), 123456));
$log_size = -s $node->logfile;
$node->start;
ok( $node->log_contains( "invalid contrecord length 123456 .* at .*", $log_size), "xlp_rem_len bad (split record header)");
done_testing();
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