/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* hashsort . c
* Sort tuples for insertion into a new hash index .
*
* When building a very large hash index , we pre - sort the tuples by bucket
* number to improve locality of access to the index , and thereby avoid
* thrashing . We use tuplesort . c to sort the given index tuples into order .
*
* Note : if the number of rows in the table has been underestimated ,
* bucket splits may occur during the index build . In that case we ' d
* be inserting into two or more buckets for each possible masked - off
* hash code value . That ' s no big problem though , since we ' ll still have
* plenty of locality of access .
*
*
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1996 - 2025 , PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright ( c ) 1994 , Regents of the University of California
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src / backend / access / hash / hashsort . c
*
* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "access/hash.h"
#include "commands/progress.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pgstat.h"
#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
#include "utils/tuplesort.h"
/*
* Status record for spooling / sorting phase .
*/
struct HSpool
{
Tuplesortstate *sortstate; /* state data for tuplesort.c */
Relation index;
/*
* We sort the hash keys based on the buckets they belong to , then by the
* hash values themselves , to optimize insertions onto hash pages . The
* masks below are used in _ hash_hashkey2bucket to determine the bucket of
* a given hash key .
*/
uint32 high_mask;
uint32 low_mask;
uint32 max_buckets;
};
/*
* create and initialize a spool structure
*/
HSpool *
_h_spoolinit(Relation heap, Relation index, uint32 num_buckets)
{
HSpool *hspool = (HSpool *) palloc0(sizeof (HSpool));
hspool->index = index;
/*
* Determine the bitmask for hash code values . Since there are currently
* num_buckets buckets in the index , the appropriate mask can be computed
* as follows .
*
* NOTE : This hash mask calculation should be in sync with similar
* calculation in _ hash_init_metabuffer .
*/
hspool->high_mask = pg_nextpower2_32(num_buckets + 1 ) - 1 ;
hspool->low_mask = (hspool->high_mask >> 1 );
hspool->max_buckets = num_buckets - 1 ;
/*
* We size the sort area as maintenance_work_mem rather than work_mem to
* speed index creation . This should be OK since a single backend can ' t
* run multiple index creations in parallel .
*/
hspool->sortstate = tuplesort_begin_index_hash(heap,
index,
hspool->high_mask,
hspool->low_mask,
hspool->max_buckets,
maintenance_work_mem,
NULL,
TUPLESORT_NONE);
return hspool;
}
/*
* clean up a spool structure and its substructures .
*/
void
_h_spooldestroy(HSpool *hspool)
{
tuplesort_end(hspool->sortstate);
pfree(hspool);
}
/*
* spool an index entry into the sort file .
*/
void
_h_spool(HSpool *hspool, ItemPointer self, const Datum *values, const bool *isnull)
{
tuplesort_putindextuplevalues(hspool->sortstate, hspool->index,
self, values, isnull);
}
/*
* given a spool loaded by successive calls to _ h_spool ,
* create an entire index .
*/
void
_h_indexbuild(HSpool *hspool, Relation heapRel)
{
IndexTuple itup;
int64 tups_done = 0 ;
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
uint32 hashkey = 0 ;
#endif
tuplesort_performsort(hspool->sortstate);
while ((itup = tuplesort_getindextuple(hspool->sortstate, true )) != NULL)
{
/*
* Technically , it isn ' t critical that hash keys be found in sorted
* order , since this sorting is only used to increase locality of
* access as a performance optimization . It still seems like a good
* idea to test tuplesort . c ' s handling of hash index tuple sorts
* through an assertion , though .
*/
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
uint32 lasthashkey = hashkey;
hashkey = _hash_hashkey2bucket(_hash_get_indextuple_hashkey(itup),
hspool->max_buckets, hspool->high_mask,
hspool->low_mask);
Assert(hashkey >= lasthashkey);
#endif
/* the tuples are sorted by hashkey, so pass 'sorted' as true */
_hash_doinsert(hspool->index, itup, heapRel, true );
/* allow insertion phase to be interrupted, and track progress */
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_TUPLES_DONE,
++tups_done);
}
}
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