Spracherkennung für: .md vermutete Sprache: SPS {SPS[155] ABAP[130] Delphi[130]} [Methode: maximale Elemente, drei Dimensionen]
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# The Circle Package: Adjoint groups
of finite rings
Let
R be an associative ring,
not necessarily
with a unit element. The set
of all elements
of R forms a monoid
with the neutral element
0 from R under
the operation
r*
s =
r +
s +
rs defined
for all
r,
s from R. This operation is
called the
'circle multiplication',
and it is also known as the
'star
multiplication
'. The monoid of elements of R under the circle multiplication
is called the adjoint semigroup
of R. The group
of all invertible elements
of
this monoid is called the adjoint group
of R.
These notions naturally lead
to a number
of questions about the connection
between a ring
and its adjoint group,
for example, how the ring properties
will determine properties
of the adjoint group; which groups can appear as
adjoint groups
of rings; which rings can have adjoint groups
with
prescribed properties, etc.
The main objective
of the GAP package
'Circle' is
to extend GAP functionality
for computations
in adjoint groups
of associative rings
to make it possible
to use the GAP system
for the investigation
of such questions.
Circle provides functionality
to construct circle objects that will respect
the circle multiplication
r*
s =
r +
s +
rs, create multiplicative groups,
generated
by this objects,
and compute groups
of elements, invertible
with
respect
to this operation,
for finite radical algebras
and finite associative
rings without one.
Circle does
not use external binaries
and, therefore, works without
restrictions
on the
type of the operating system. It is redistributed
with
GAP, but is
not loaded
by default. Therefore,
to use Circle, first you need
to load it using the following command:
gap> LoadPackage(
"circle");
Olexandr Konovalov
and Panagiotis Soules