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< title>GAP (Circle) - Chapter 4: A sample computation with Circle</ title>
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<div class="ChapSects"><a href="chap4_mj.html#X803553D8849F6D7A">4 <span class="Heading">A sample computation with <strong class="pkg">Circle</strong></span></a>
</div>
<h3>4 <span class="Heading">A sample computation with <strong class="pkg">Circle</strong></span></h3>
<p>Here we give an example to give the reader an idea what <strong class="pkg">Circle</strong> is able to compute.</p>
<p>It was proved in <a href="chapBib_mj.html#biBKazarin-Soules-2004">[KS04]</a> that if <span class="SimpleMath">\(R\)</span> is a finite nilpotent two-generated algebra over a field of characteristic <span class="SimpleMath">\(p>3\)</span> whose adjoint group has at most three generators, then the dimension of <span class="SimpleMath">\(R\)</span> is not greater than 9. Also, an example of the 6-dimensional such algebra with the 3-generated adjoint group was given there. We will construct the algebra from this example and investigate it using <strong class="pkg">Circle</strong>. First we create two matrices that determine its generators:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">x:=[ [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">y:=[ [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0,-1, 0, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,-1 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ],</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">></span> <span class="GAPinput"> [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] ];;</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Now we construct this algebra in characteristic five and check its basic properties:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">R := Algebra( GF(5), One(GF(5))*[x,y] );</span>
<algebra over GF(5), with 2 generators>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Dimension( R );</span>
6
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Size( R );</span>
15625
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">RadicalOfAlgebra( R ) = R;</span>
true
</pre></div>
<p>Then we compute the adjoint group of <code class="code">R</code>:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">G := AdjointGroup( R );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Size(G);</span>
15625
</pre></div>
<p>Now we can find the generating set of minimal possible order for the group <code class="code">G</code>, and check that <code class="code">G</code> it is 3-generated. To do this, first we need to convert it to the isomorphic PcGroup:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">f := IsomorphismPcGroup( G );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">H := Image( f );</span>
Group([ f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6 ])
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gens := MinimalGeneratingSet( H );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Length( gens );</span>
3
</pre></div>
<p>One can also use <code class="code">UnderlyingRingElement(PreImage(f,x))</code> to find the preimage of <code class="code">x</code> in <code class="code">G</code>.</p>
<p>It appears that the adjoint group of the algebra from example will be 3-generated in characteristic 3 as well:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">R := Algebra( GF(3), One(GF(3))*[x,y] );</span>
<algebra over GF(3), with 2 generators>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">G := AdjointGroup( R );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">H := Image( IsomorphismPcGroup( G ) );</span>
Group([ f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6 ])
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Length( MinimalGeneratingSet( H ) );</span>
3
</pre></div>
<p>But this is not the case in characteristic 2, where the adjoint group is 4-generated:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">R := Algebra( GF(2), One(GF(2))*[x,y] );</span>
<algebra over GF(2), with 2 generators>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">G := AdjointGroup( R );;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Size(G);</span>
64
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">H := Image( IsomorphismPcGroup( G ) );</span>
Group([ f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6 ])
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Length( MinimalGeneratingSet( H ) );</span>
4
</pre></div>
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