<Chapter Label="Gens">
<Heading>Farey symbols for congruence subgroups</Heading>
The package &Congruence; provides functions to construct Farey symbols
for finite index subgroups. The algorithm used in the package allows
to construct a Farey symbol for any finite index subgroup of <M>SL_2(&ZZ;)</M>
for which it is possible to check whether a given matrix belongs to this
subgroup or not. <P/>
The development of an algorithm to determine the Farey symbol for a
subgroup G of a finite index in <M>SL_2(&ZZ;)</M> was started by Ravi
Kulkarni in <Cite Key="Kulkarni" /> and later it was improved by Mong-Lung Lang,
Chong-Hai Lim and Ser-Peow Tan in <Cite Key="LLT-Hecke" />, <Cite Key="LLT-Algorithm" />.
<Section Label="CompFarey">
<Heading>Computation of the Farey symbol for a finite index subgroup</Heading>
<ManSection>
<Attr Name="FareySymbol"
Arg="G"
Comm="" />
<Description>
For a subgroup of a finite index G, this attribute stores one of the
Farey symbols corresponding
to the congruence subgroup <A>G</A>. The algorithm for its computation will work
for any matrix group for which a membership test is available.
</Description>
</ManSection>
<Section Label="CompGens">
<Heading>Computation of generators of a finite index subgroup from its Farey symbol</Heading>
If <A>fs</A> is the Farey symbol for a group <M>G</M> with <M>r_1</M> even
labels, <M>r_2</M> odd labels and <M>r_3</M> pairs of intervals, then <M>G</M> is
generated by <M>r_1+r_2+r_3</M> matrices, which form a set of independent
generators for <M>G</M>. These matrices are constructed as follows:<P/>
<ManSection>
<Func Name="MatrixByEvenInterval"
Arg="gfs i"
Comm="" />
<Description>
Returns the matrix corresponding to the even interval i in the generalized Farey sequence <A>gfs</A>.
</Description>
</ManSection>
<ManSection>
<Func Name="MatrixByOddInterval"
Arg="gfs i"
Comm="" />
<Description>
Returns the matrix corresponding to the odd interval i in the generalized Farey sequence <A>gfs</A>.
</Description>
</ManSection>
<ManSection>
<Func Name="MatrixByFreePairOfIntervals"
Arg="gfs k kp"
Comm="" />
<Description>
Returns the matrix corresponding to the pair of free intervals k and kp in the generalized Farey sequence <A>gfs</A>.
</Description>
</ManSection>
<ManSection>
<Func Name="GeneratorsByFareySymbol"
Arg="fs"
Comm="" />
<Description>
Returns a set of matrices constructed as above.
</Description>
</ManSection>
<ManSection>
<Func Name="GeneratorsOfGroup"
Arg="G"
Comm="" />
<Description>
Returns a set of generators for the finite index group G in <M>SL_2(Z)</M>.
</Description>
</ManSection>
<Section Label="CompOther">
<Heading>Other properties derived from Farey symbols</Heading>
<ManSection>
<Func Name="IndexInPSL2ZByFareySymbol"
Arg="fs"
Comm="" />
<Description>
By Proposition 7.2 in [Kulkarni], for the Farey symbol with underlying
generalized Farey sequence [infinity, x0, x1, ..., xn, infinity], the
index in <M>PSL_2(Z)</M> is given by the formula d = 3*n + e3, where e3 is the
number of odd intervals.
</Description>
</ManSection>
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