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<title>GAP (NoCK) - Chapter 2: Obstruction for the existence of compact Clifford-Klein form</title>
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<div class="ChapSects"><a href="chap2.html#X7DD2840E797415E3">2 <span class="Heading">Obstruction for the existence of compact Clifford-Klein form</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2.html#X805C42557996F58A">2.1 <span class="Heading">Technical functions</span></a>
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<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2.html#X832D9E887973AABE">2.1-1 NonCompactDimension</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2.html#X868FC1B77B4B4D4C">2.1-2 PCoefficients</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2.html#X827DC41787C8BC7B">2.1-3 PCalculate</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2.html#X87164CA87A56E5B8">2.1-4 AllZeroDH</a></span>
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<h3>2 <span class="Heading">Obstruction for the existence of compact Clifford-Klein form</span></h3>

<p>In this chapter we describe functions for algorithm from <a href="chapBib.html#biBour">[BJS+]</a>.</p>

<p><a id="X805C42557996F58A" name="X805C42557996F58A"></a></p>

<h4>2.1 <span class="Heading">Technical functions</span></h4>

<p><a id="X832D9E887973AABE" name="X832D9E887973AABE"></a></p>

<h5>2.1-1 NonCompactDimension</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; NonCompactDimension</code>( <var class="Arg">G</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>For a real Lie algebra <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> constructed by the function <var class="Arg">RealFormById</var> (from <a href="chapBib.html#biBCoReLG">[DFdG14]</a>), this function returns the non-compact dimension of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> (dimension of a non-compact part in Cartan decomposition of <span class="SimpleMath">G</span>).</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">G:=RealFormById("E",6,2); # E6(6)</span>
<Lie algebra of dimension 78 over SqrtField>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">dG:=NonCompactDimension(G);</span>
42
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X868FC1B77B4B4D4C" name="X868FC1B77B4B4D4C"></a></p>

<h5>2.1-2 PCoefficients</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; PCoefficients</code>( <var class="Arg">type</var>, <var class="Arg">rank</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Let <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> be a compact connected Lie group of the type <var class="Arg">type</var> and the rank <var class="Arg">rank</var>. Let <span class="SimpleMath">ΛP_G=Λ (y_1,...,y_l)</span> be the exterior algebra over the spaces <span class="SimpleMath">P_G</span> of the primitive elements in <span class="SimpleMath">H^*(G)</span>. Denote the degrees as follows <span class="SimpleMath">|y_j|=2p_j-1,j=1,...,l</span>. This function returns coefficients <span class="SimpleMath">p_1,...,p_l</span>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">PCoefficients("D",5);</span>
[ 2, 4, 6, 8, 5 ]
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X827DC41787C8BC7B" name="X827DC41787C8BC7B"></a></p>

<h5>2.1-3 PCalculate</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; PCalculate</code>( <var class="Arg">pi</var>, <var class="Arg">qi</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Here <span class="SimpleMath">pi={ p_1,...,p_l}</span> and <span class="SimpleMath">qi={ q_1,...,q_m}</span> are sets of coefficients (<span class="SimpleMath">l≥ m</span>). This function returns the polynomial: <span class="SimpleMath">P(t)=∏_j=m+1^l(1+t^2p_j-1)∏_i=1^m(1-t^2p_i)/(1-t^2q_i)</span>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">PCalculate([4,2,3],[2,2]);   </span>
t^9+t^5+t^4+1
</pre></div>

<p><a id="X87164CA87A56E5B8" name="X87164CA87A56E5B8"></a></p>

<h5>2.1-4 AllZeroDH</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; AllZeroDH</code>( <var class="Arg">type</var>, <var class="Arg">rank</var>, <var class="Arg">id</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Let <span class="SimpleMath">G^C</span> be a complex Lie algebra of the type <var class="Arg">type</var> and the rank <var class="Arg">rank</var>. Let <span class="SimpleMath">G</span> be a real form of <span class="SimpleMath">G^C</span> with the index <var class="Arg">id</var> (see <var class="Arg">RealFormsInformation</var>,<a href="chapBib.html#biBCoReLG">[DFdG14]</a>). This function returns the set of degrees of <span class="SimpleMath">P(t)</span> that have zero coefficients over all permutation (see Section 7 in <a href="chapBib.html#biBour">[BJS+]</a>).</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">AllZeroDH("F",4,2); </span>
[ 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27 ]
</pre></div>


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