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<p><a id="X78223796785BC628" name="X78223796785BC628"></a></p>
<div class="ChapSects"><a href="chap5.html#X78223796785BC628">5 <span class="Heading">From Automata to Networks</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X86FA580F8055B274">5.1 <span class="Heading">Functions</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap5.html#X7E1DAEB979824B68">5.1-1 IsStarClosed</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap5.html#X873324D67DC9DC41">5.1-2 Is2StarReplaceable</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap5.html#X7FF528F784C9020B">5.1-3 IsStratified</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap5.html#X7C3B9EB080F72043">5.1-4 IsPossibleGraphAut</a></span>
</div></div>
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<h3>5 <span class="Heading">From Automata to Networks</span></h3>

<p>It is not only important to see how a TPN can be interpreted as a finite state automaton. But also if an arbitrary automaton could represent the language of rank encoded permutations of a TPN. Currently within <code class="code">PatternClass</code> it is only possible to check whether deterministic automata are possible representatives of a TPN.</p>

<p><a id="X86FA580F8055B274" name="X86FA580F8055B274"></a></p>

<h4>5.1 <span class="Heading">Functions</span></h4>

<p><a id="X7E1DAEB979824B68" name="X7E1DAEB979824B68"></a></p>

<h5>5.1-1 IsStarClosed</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsStarClosed</code>( <var class="Arg">aut</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> if the start and accept states in <code class="code">aut</code> are one and the same state.</p>

<p>This has the consequence that the whole rational expression accepted by <code class="code">aut</code> is always enclosed by the Kleene star.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">x:=Automaton("det",4,2,[[3,4,2,4],[2,2,2,4]],[1],[2]);</span>
< deterministic automaton on 2 letters with 4 states >
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsStarClosed(x);                                      </span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">AutToRatExp(x);        </span>
(a(aUb)Ub)b*
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">y:=Automaton("det",3,2,[[3,2,1],[2,3,1]],[1],[1]);</span>
< deterministic automaton on 2 letters with 3 states >
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsStarClosed(y);</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">AutToRatExp(y);</span>
((ba*bUa)(aUb))*
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput"></span></pre></div>

<p><a id="X873324D67DC9DC41" name="X873324D67DC9DC41"></a></p>

<h5>5.1-2 Is2StarReplaceable</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; Is2StarReplaceable</code>( <var class="Arg">aut</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> if none of the states in the automaton <code class="code">aut</code>, which are not the initial state, have a transition to the initial state labelled with the first letter of the alphabet. It also returns <code class="code">true</code> if there is at least one state <span class="SimpleMath">i ∈ Q</span> with the first two transitions from <span class="SimpleMath">i</span> being <span class="SimpleMath">f(i,1)=1</span> and <span class="SimpleMath">f(i,2)=x</span>, where <span class="SimpleMath">x ∈ Q∖{1}</span> and <span class="SimpleMath">f(x,1)=1</span>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">x:=Automaton("det",3,2,[[1,2,3],[2,2,3]],[1],[2]);</span>
< deterministic automaton on 2 letters with 3 states >
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Is2StarReplaceable(x);</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">y:=Automaton("det",4,2,[[4,1,1,2],[1,3,3,2]],[1],[1]);</span>
< deterministic automaton on 2 letters with 4 states >
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Is2StarReplaceable(y);</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">z:=Automaton("det",4,2,[[4,1,1,2],[1,4,2,2]],[1],[4]);</span>
< deterministic automaton on 2 letters with 4 states >
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Is2StarReplaceable(z);</span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput"></span></pre></div>

<p><a id="X7FF528F784C9020B" name="X7FF528F784C9020B"></a></p>

<h5>5.1-3 IsStratified</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsStratified</code>( <var class="Arg">aut</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> if <code class="code">aut</code> has a specific "layered" form.</p>

<p>A formal description of the most basic stratified automaton is:</p>

<p><span class="SimpleMath">(S,Q,f,q_0,A)</span> with <span class="SimpleMath">S:={1,...,n}, Q:={1,...,m}, n<m, q_0:=1, A:=Q∖ {n+1}, f: Q × S → Q</span> and <span class="SimpleMath">n+1</span> is a sink state.</p>

<p>If <span class="SimpleMath">i,j ∈ Q ∖ { n+1 }</span>,with <span class="SimpleMath">i < j</span>, and <span class="SimpleMath">i',j' ∈ S</span>, <span class="SimpleMath">i=i', j=j'</span> then</p>

<p class="pcenter">f(i,i')=i, f(i,j')=j, f(j,j')=j, f(j,i')=j-1 or n+1.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">x:=Automaton("det",4,2,[[1,3,1,4],[2,2,4,4]],[1],[2]);</span>
< deterministic automaton on 2 letters with 4 states >
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsStratified(x);                                      </span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">y:=Automaton("det",4,2,[[1,3,2,4],[2,4,1,4]],[1],[2]);</span>
< deterministic automaton on 2 letters with 4 states >
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsStratified(y);                                      </span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput"></span></pre></div>

<p><a id="X7C3B9EB080F72043" name="X7C3B9EB080F72043"></a></p>

<h5>5.1-4 IsPossibleGraphAut</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">&#an style='color: green'>8227; IsPossibleGraphAut</code>( <var class="Arg">aut</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> if <code class="code">aut</code> returns <code class="code">true</code> in <code class="code">IsStratified</code>, <code class="code">Is2StarReplaceable</code> and <code class="code">IsStarClosed</code>.</p>

<p>An automaton that fulfils the three functions above has the right form to be an automaton representing rank encoded permutations, which are output from a TPN.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">x:=Automaton("det",2,2,[[1,2],[2,2]],[1],[1]);</span>
< deterministic automaton on 2 letters with 2 states >
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsPossibleGraphAut(x);</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">y:=Automaton("det",2,2,[[1,2],[1,2]],[1],[1]);</span>
< deterministic automaton on 2 letters with 2 states >
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsPossibleGraphAut(y);                        </span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsStarClosed(y);</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Is2StarReplaceable(y);</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsStratified(y);</span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput"></span></pre></div>


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