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<div class="ChapSects"><a href="chap2.html#X864BE1A7820A35FC">2 <span class="Heading">A sample calculation with <strong class="pkg">Sophus</strong></span></a>
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<h3>2 <span class="Heading">A sample calculation with <strong class="pkg">Sophus</strong></span></h3>
<p>Before listing the functions of <strong class="pkg">Sophus</strong> we present a sample calculation to show the reader what <strong class="pkg">Sophus</strong> is able to compute. We list the isomorphism types of the 7-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras over <span class="Math">\mathbb F_2</span>.</p>
<p>There is just one nilpotent Lie algebra with dimension 1 and dimension 2. We also set <var class="Arg">L3</var> to be a list containing the abelian Lie algebra with dimension 3.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">L1 := [ AbelianLieAlgebra( GF(2), 1 ) ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">L2 := [ AbelianLieAlgebra( GF(2), 2 ) ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">L3 := [ AbelianLieAlgebra( GF(2), 3 ) ];;</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Any 3-dimensional non-abelian nilpotent Lie algebra is an immediate descendant of a 2-dimensional Lie algebra. So we compute the step-1 descendants of <var class="Arg">L1[1]</var> and append them to <var class="Arg">L3</var>.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Append( L3, Descendants( L2[1], 1 ));</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">L3;</span>
[ <Lie algebra of dimension 3 over GF(2)>,
<Lie algebra of dimension 3 over GF(2)> ]
</pre></div>
<p>Now we compute the list of 4-dimensional Lie algebras. First we set <var class="Arg">L4</var> to contain the 4-dimensional abelian Lie algebra. Then we compute the step-1 descendants of the 3-dimensional algebras and append these descendants to <var class="Arg">L4</var>.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">L4 := [ AbelianLieAlgebra( GF(2), 4 ) ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">for i in L3 do Append( L4, Descendants( i, 1 )); od;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">L4;</span>
[ <Lie algebra of dimension 4 over GF(2)>,
<Lie algebra of dimension 4 over GF(2)>,
<Lie algebra of dimension 4 over GF(2)> ]
</pre></div>
<p>We continue this way up to dimension~7.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">L5 := [ AbelianLieAlgebra( GF(2), 5 ) ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">for i in L3 do Append( L5, Descendants( i, 2 )); od;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">for i in L4 do Append( L5, Descendants( i, 1 )); od;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">L6 := [ AbelianLieAlgebra( GF(2), 6 ) ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">for i in L3 do Append( L6, Descendants( i, 3 )); od;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">for i in L4 do Append( L6, Descendants( i, 2 )); od;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">for i in L5 do Append( L6, Descendants( i, 1 )); od;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">L7 := [ AbelianLieAlgebra( GF(2), 6 ) ];;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">for i in L4 do Append( L7, Descendants( i, 3 )); od;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">for i in L5 do Append( L7, Descendants( i, 2 )); od;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">for i in L6 do Append( L7, Descendants( i, 1 )); od;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Length( L7 );</span>
202
</pre></div>
<p>This computation shows that there are 202 pairwise non-isomorphic nilpotent Lie algebras over <span class="Math">\mathbb F_2</span>.</p>
<p>Let us compute the automorphism group of a nilpotent Lie algebra from our list. We compute this automorphism group in the hybrid format used by <strong class="pkg">Sophus</strong>, then we compute this group as a standard <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> object.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">AutomorphismGroupOfNilpotentLieAlgebra( L7[100] );</span>
rec( agAutos := [ Aut: [ v.1, v.1+v.2, v.3, v.4, v.5, v.5+v.6, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1, v.2+v.3, v.3, v.4, v.5, v.6, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1+v.3, v.2, v.3, v.4+v.5, v.5, v.6+v.7, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1+v.4, v.2, v.3+v.5, v.4+v.6, v.5+v.7, v.6+v.7, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1, v.2+v.4, v.3, v.4+v.5, v.5, v.6+v.7, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1+v.5, v.2, v.3, v.4+v.7, v.5, v.6, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1, v.2+v.5, v.3, v.4, v.5, v.6, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1+v.6, v.2, v.3, v.4+v.7, v.5, v.6, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1, v.2+v.6, v.3, v.4+v.7, v.5, v.6, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1+v.7, v.2, v.3, v.4, v.5, v.6, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1, v.2+v.7, v.3, v.4, v.5, v.6, v.7 ],
Aut: [ v.1, v.2, v.3+v.7, v.4, v.5, v.6, v.7 ] ],
agOrder := [ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], field := GF(2),
glAutos := [ ], glOper := [ ], glOrder := 1,
liealg := <Lie algebra of dimension 7 over GF(2)>,
one := Aut: [ v.1, v.2, v.3, v.4, v.5, v.6, v.7 ], prime := 2, size := 4096
)
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput"></span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">AutomorphismGroup( L7[100] );</span>
<group with 12 generators>
</pre></div>
<p>Finally let us check that two Lie algebras from our list are not isomorphic.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">AreIsomorphicNilpotentLieAlgebras( L7[100], L7[100] );</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">AreIsomorphicNilpotentLieAlgebras( L7[100], L7[101] );</span>
false
</pre></div>
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