theory Brother12_Set imports
Cmp
Set_Specs "HOL-Number_Theory.Fib" begin
subsection‹Data Type and Operations›
datatype 'a bro =
N0 |
N1 "'a bro" |
N2 "'a bro" 'a "'a bro" | (* auxiliary constructors: *)
L2 'a |
N3 "'a bro" 'a "'a bro" 'a "'a bro"
definition empty :: "'a bro"where "empty = N0"
fun inorder :: "'a bro ==> 'a list"where "inorder N0 = []" | "inorder (N1 t) = inorder t" | "inorder (N2 l a r) = inorder l @ a # inorder r" | "inorder (L2 a) = [a]" | "inorder (N3 t1 a1 t2 a2 t3) = inorder t1 @ a1 # inorder t2 @ a2 # inorder t3"
fun isin :: "'a bro ==> 'a::linorder ==> bool"where "isin N0 x = False" | "isin (N1 t) x = isin t x" | "isin (N2 l a r) x = (case cmp x a of LT ==> isin l x | EQ ==> True | GT ==> isin r x)"
fun n1 :: "'a bro ==> 'a bro"where "n1 (L2 a) = N2 N0 a N0" | "n1 (N3 t1 a1 t2 a2 t3) = N2 (N2 t1 a1 t2) a2 (N1 t3)" | "n1 t = N1 t"
fun ins :: "'a::linorder ==> 'a bro ==> 'a bro"where "ins x N0 = L2 x" | "ins x (N1 t) = n1 (ins x t)" | "ins x (N2 l a r) = (case cmp x a of LT ==> n2 (ins x l) a r | EQ ==> N2 l a r | GT ==> n2 l a (ins x r))"
fun tree :: "'a bro ==> 'a bro"where "tree (L2 a) = N2 N0 a N0" | "tree (N3 t1 a1 t2 a2 t3) = N2 (N2 t1 a1 t2) a2 (N1 t3)" | "tree t = t"
definition insert :: "'a::linorder ==> 'a bro ==> 'a bro"where "insert x t = tree(ins x t)"
fun split_min :: "'a bro ==> ('a × 'a bro) option"where "split_min N0 = None" | "split_min (N1 t) = (case split_min t of None ==> None | Some (a, t') ==> Some (a, N1 t'))" | "split_min (N2 t1 a t2) = (case split_min t1 of None ==> Some (a, N1 t2) | Some (b, t1') ==> Some (b, n2 t1' a t2))"
fun del :: "'a::linorder ==> 'a bro ==> 'a bro"where "del _ N0 = N0" | "del x (N1 t) = N1 (del x t)" | "del x (N2 l a r) = (case cmp x a of LT ==> n2 (del x l) a r | GT ==> n2 l a (del x r) | EQ ==> (case split_min r of None ==> N1 l | Some (b, r') ==> n2 l b r'))"
fun tree :: "'a bro ==> 'a bro"where "tree (N1 t) = t" | "tree t = t"
definition delete :: "'a::linorder ==> 'a bro ==> 'a bro"where "delete a t = tree (del a t)"
end
subsection‹Invariants›
fun B :: "nat ==> 'a bro set" and U :: "nat ==> 'a bro set"where "B 0 = {N0}" | "B (Suc h) = { N2 t1 a t2 | t1 a t2. t1 ∈ B h ∪ U h ∧ t2 ∈ B h ∨ t1 ∈ B h ∧ t2 ∈ B h ∪ U h}" | "U 0 = {}" | "U (Suc h) = N1 ` B h"
abbreviation"T h ≡ B h ∪ U h"
fun Bp :: "nat ==> 'a bro set"where "Bp 0 = B 0 ∪ L2 ` UNIV" | "Bp (Suc 0) = B (Suc 0) ∪ {N3 N0 a N0 b N0|a b. True}" | "Bp (Suc(Suc h)) = B (Suc(Suc h)) ∪ {N3 t1 a t2 b t3 | t1 a t2 b t3. t1 ∈ B (Suc h) ∧ t2 ∈ U (Suc h) ∧ t3 ∈ B (Suc h)}"
fun Um :: "nat ==> 'a bro set"where "Um 0 = {}" | "Um (Suc h) = N1 ` T h"
subsection"Functional Correctness Proofs"
subsubsection "Proofs for isin"
lemma isin_set: "t ∈ T h ==> sorted(inorder t) ==> isin t x = (x ∈ set(inorder t))" by(induction h arbitrary: t) (fastforce simp: isin_simps split: if_splits)+
lemma inorder_n2: "inorder(n2 l a r) = inorder l @ a # inorder r" by(cases "(l,a,r)" rule: n2.cases) (auto simp: sorted_lems)
lemma inorder_tree: "inorder(tree t) = inorder t" by(cases t) auto
lemma inorder_ins: "t ∈ T h ==> sorted(inorder t) ==> inorder(ins a t) = ins_list a (inorder t)" by(induction h arbitrary: t) (auto simp: ins_list_simps inorder_n1 inorder_n2)
lemma inorder_insert: "t ∈ T h ==> sorted(inorder t) ==> inorder(insert a t) = ins_list a (inorder t)" by(simp add: insert_def inorder_ins inorder_tree)
end
subsubsection ‹Proofs for deletion›
context delete begin
lemma inorder_tree: "inorder(tree t) = inorder t" by(cases t) auto
lemma inorder_n2: "inorder(n2 l a r) = inorder l @ a # inorder r" by(cases "(l,a,r)" rule: n2.cases) (auto)
lemma inorder_split_min: "t ∈ T h ==> (split_min t = None ⟷ inorder t = []) ∧ (split_min t = Some(a,t') ⟶ inorder t = a # inorder t')" by(induction h arbitrary: t a t') (auto simp: inorder_n2 split: option.splits)
lemma inorder_del: "t ∈ T h ==> sorted(inorder t) ==> inorder(del x t) = del_list x (inorder t)" apply (induction h arbitrary: t) apply (auto simp: del_list_simps inorder_n2 split: option.splits) apply (auto simp: del_list_simps inorder_n2
inorder_split_min[OF UnI1] inorder_split_min[OF UnI2] split: option.splits) done
lemma inorder_delete: "t ∈ T h ==> sorted(inorder t) ==> inorder(delete x t) = del_list x (inorder t)" by(simp add: delete_def inorder_del inorder_tree)
end
subsection‹Invariant Proofs›
subsubsection ‹Proofs for insertion›
lemma n1_type: "t ∈ Bp h ==> n1 t ∈ T (Suc h)" by(cases h rule: Bp.cases) auto
context insert begin
lemma tree_type: "t ∈ Bp h ==> tree t ∈ B h ∪ B (Suc h)" by(cases h rule: Bp.cases) auto
lemma n2_type: "(t1 ∈ Bp h ∧ t2 ∈ T h ⟶ n2 t1 a t2 ∈ Bp (Suc h)) ∧ (t1 ∈ T h ∧ t2 ∈ Bp h ⟶ n2 t1 a t2 ∈ Bp (Suc h))" apply(cases h rule: Bp.cases) apply (auto)[2] apply(rule conjI impI | erule conjE exE imageE | simp | erule disjE)+ done
lemma Bp_if_B: "t ∈ B h ==> t ∈ Bp h" by (cases h rule: Bp.cases) simp_all
text‹An automatic proof:›
lemma "(t ∈ B h ⟶ ins x t ∈ Bp h) ∧ (t ∈ U h ⟶ ins x t ∈ T h)" proof (induction h arbitrary: t) case 0 thenshow ?caseby simp next case (Suc h) thenshow ?caseby (fastforce simp: Bp_if_B n2_type dest: n1_type) qed
text‹A detailed proof:›
lemma ins_type: shows"t ∈ B h ==> ins x t ∈ Bp h"and"t ∈ U h ==> ins x t ∈ T h" proof(induction h arbitrary: t) case 0
{ case 1 thus ?caseby simp next case 2 thus ?caseby simp } next case (Suc h)
{ case 1 thenobtain t1 a t2 where [simp]: "t = N2 t1 a t2"and
t1: "t1 ∈ T h"and t2: "t2 ∈ T h"and t12: "t1 ∈ B h ∨ t2 ∈ B h" by auto have ?caseif"x < a" proof - have"n2 (ins x t1) a t2 ∈ Bp (Suc h)" proof cases assume"t1 ∈ B h" with t2 show ?thesis by (simp add: Suc.IH(1) n2_type) next assume"t1 ∉ B h" hence 1: "t1 ∈ U h"and 2: "t2 ∈ B h"using t1 t12 by auto show ?thesis by (metis Suc.IH(2)[OF 1] Bp_if_B[OF 2] n2_type) qed with‹x 🚫›show ?caseby simp qed moreover have ?caseif"a < x" proof - have"n2 t1 a (ins x t2) ∈ Bp (Suc h)" proof cases assume"t2 ∈ B h" with t1 show ?thesis by (simp add: Suc.IH(1) n2_type) next assume"t2 ∉ B h" hence 1: "t1 ∈ B h"and 2: "t2 ∈ U h"using t2 t12 by auto show ?thesis by (metis Bp_if_B[OF 1] Suc.IH(2)[OF 2] n2_type) qed with‹a 🚫›show ?caseby simp qed moreover have ?caseif"x = a" proof - from 1 have"t ∈ Bp (Suc h)"by(rule Bp_if_B) thus"?case"using‹x = a›by simp qed ultimatelyshow ?caseby auto next case 2 thus ?caseusing Suc(1) n1_type by fastforce } qed
lemma insert_type: "t ∈ B h ==> insert x t ∈ B h ∪ B (Suc h)" unfolding insert_def by (metis ins_type(1) tree_type)
end
subsubsection "Proofs for deletion"
lemma B_simps[simp]: "N1 t ∈ B h = False" "L2 y ∈ B h = False" "(N3 t1 a1 t2 a2 t3) ∈ B h = False" "N0 ∈ B h ⟷ h = 0" by (cases h, auto)+
context delete begin
lemma n2_type1: "[t1 ∈ Um h; t2 ∈ B h]==> n2 t1 a t2 ∈ T (Suc h)" apply(cases h rule: Bp.cases) apply auto[2] apply(erule exE bexE conjE imageE | simp | erule disjE)+ done
lemma n2_type2: "[t1 ∈ B h ; t2 ∈ Um h ]==> n2 t1 a t2 ∈ T (Suc h)" apply(cases h rule: Bp.cases) using Um.simps(1) apply blast apply force apply(erule exE bexE conjE imageE | simp | erule disjE)+ done
lemma n2_type3: "[t1 ∈ T h ; t2 ∈ T h ]==> n2 t1 a t2 ∈ T (Suc h)" apply(cases h rule: Bp.cases) apply auto[2] apply(erule exE bexE conjE imageE | simp | erule disjE)+ done
lemma split_minNoneN0: "[t ∈ B h; split_min t = None]==> t = N0" by (cases t) (auto split: option.splits)
lemma split_minNoneN1 : "[t ∈ U h; split_min t = None]==> t = N1 N0" by (cases h) (auto simp: split_minNoneN0 split: option.splits)
lemma split_min_type: "t ∈ B h ==> split_min t = Some (a, t') ==> t' ∈ T h" "t ∈ U h ==> split_min t = Some (a, t') ==> t' ∈ Um h" proof (induction h arbitrary: t a t') case (Suc h)
{ case 1 thenobtain t1 a t2 where [simp]: "t = N2 t1 a t2"and
t12: "t1 ∈ T h""t2 ∈ T h""t1 ∈ B h ∨ t2 ∈ B h" by auto show ?case proof (cases "split_min t1") case None show ?thesis proof cases assume"t1 ∈ B h" with split_minNoneN0[OF this None] 1 show ?thesis by(auto) next assume"t1 ∉ B h" thus ?thesis using 1 None by (auto) qed next case [simp]: (Some bt') obtain b t1' where [simp]: "bt' = (b,t1')"by fastforce show ?thesis proof cases assume"t1 ∈ B h" from Suc.IH(1)[OF this] 1 have"t1' ∈ T h"by simp from n2_type3[OF this t12(2)] 1 show ?thesis by auto next assume"t1 ∉ B h" hence t1: "t1 ∈ U h"and t2: "t2 ∈ B h"using t12 by auto from Suc.IH(2)[OF t1] have"t1' ∈ Um h"by simp from n2_type1[OF this t2] 1 show ?thesis by auto qed qed
}
{ case 2 thenobtain t1 where [simp]: "t = N1 t1"and t1: "t1 ∈ B h"by auto show ?case proof (cases "split_min t1") case None with split_minNoneN0[OF t1 None] 2 show ?thesis by(auto) next case [simp]: (Some bt') obtain b t1' where [simp]: "bt' = (b,t1')"by fastforce from Suc.IH(1)[OF t1] have"t1' ∈ T h"by simp thus ?thesis using 2 by auto qed
} qed auto
lemma del_type: "t ∈ B h ==> del x t ∈ T h" "t ∈ U h ==> del x t ∈ Um h" proof (induction h arbitrary: x t) case (Suc h)
{ case 1 thenobtain l a r where [simp]: "t = N2 l a r"and
lr: "l ∈ T h""r ∈ T h""l ∈ B h ∨ r ∈ B h"by auto have ?caseif"x < a" proof cases assume"l ∈ B h" from n2_type3[OF Suc.IH(1)[OF this] lr(2)] show ?thesis using‹x🚫›by(simp) next assume"l ∉ B h" hence"l ∈ U h""r ∈ B h"using lr by auto from n2_type1[OF Suc.IH(2)[OF this(1)] this(2)] show ?thesis using‹x🚫›by(simp) qed moreover have ?caseif"x > a" proof cases assume"r ∈ B h" from n2_type3[OF lr(1) Suc.IH(1)[OF this]] show ?thesis using‹x>a›by(simp) next assume"r ∉ B h" hence"l ∈ B h""r ∈ U h"using lr by auto from n2_type2[OF this(1) Suc.IH(2)[OF this(2)]] show ?thesis using‹x>a›by(simp) qed moreover have ?caseif [simp]: "x=a" proof (cases "split_min r") case None show ?thesis proof cases assume"r ∈ B h" with split_minNoneN0[OF this None] lr show ?thesis by(simp) next assume"r ∉ B h" hence"r ∈ U h"using lr by auto with split_minNoneN1[OF this None] lr(3) show ?thesis by (simp) qed next case [simp]: (Some br') obtain b r' where [simp]: "br' = (b,r')"by fastforce show ?thesis proof cases assume"r ∈ B h" from split_min_type(1)[OF this] n2_type3[OF lr(1)] show ?thesis by simp next assume"r ∉ B h" hence"l ∈ B h"and"r ∈ U h"using lr by auto from split_min_type(2)[OF this(2)] n2_type2[OF this(1)] show ?thesis by simp qed qed ultimatelyshow ?caseby auto
}
{ case 2 with Suc.IH(1) show ?caseby auto } qed auto
lemma tree_type: "t ∈ T (h+1) ==> tree t ∈ B (h+1) ∪ B h" by(auto)
lemma delete_type: "t ∈ B h ==> delete x t ∈ B h ∪ B(h-1)" unfolding delete_def by (cases h) (simp, metis del_type(1) tree_type Suc_eq_plus1 diff_Suc_1)
end
subsection"Overall correctness"
interpretation Set_by_Ordered where empty = empty and isin = isin and insert = insert.insert and delete = delete.delete and inorder = inorder and inv = "λt. ∃h. t ∈ B h" proof (standard, goal_cases) case 2 thus ?caseby(auto intro!: isin_set) next case 3 thus ?caseby(auto intro!: insert.inorder_insert) next case 4 thus ?caseby(auto intro!: delete.inorder_delete) next case 6 thus ?caseusing insert.insert_type by blast next case 7 thus ?caseusing delete.delete_type by blast qed (auto simp: empty_def)
lemma fib_tree_B: "fib_tree h ∈ B h" by (induction h rule: fib_tree.induct) auto
declare [[names_short]]
lemma size_fib': "size (fib_tree h) = fib' h" by (induction h rule: fib_tree.induct) auto
lemma fibfib: "fib' h + 1 = fib (Suc(Suc h))" by (induction h rule: fib_tree.induct) auto
lemma B_N2_cases[consumes 1]: assumes"N2 t1 a t2 ∈ B (Suc n)" obtains
(BB) "t1 ∈ B n"and"t2 ∈ B n" |
(UB) "t1 ∈ U n"and"t2 ∈ B n" |
(BU) "t1 ∈ B n"and"t2 ∈ U n" using assms by auto
lemma size_bounded: "t ∈ B h ==> size t ≥ size (fib_tree h)" unfolding size_fib' proof (induction h arbitrary: t rule: fib'.induct) case (3 h t') note main = 3 thenobtain t1 a t2 where t': "t' = N2 t1 a t2"by auto with main have"N2 t1 a t2 ∈ B (Suc (Suc h))"by auto thus ?caseproof (cases rule: B_N2_cases) case BB thenobtain x y z where t2: "t2 = N2 x y z ∨ t2 = N2 z y x""x ∈ B h"by auto show ?thesis unfolding t' using main(1)[OF BB(1)] main(2)[OF t2(2)] t2(1) by auto next case UB thenobtain t11 where t1: "t1 = N1 t11""t11 ∈ B h"by auto show ?thesis unfolding t' t1(1) using main(2)[OF t1(2)] main(1)[OF UB(2)] by simp next case BU thenobtain t22 where t2: "t2 = N1 t22""t22 ∈ B h"by auto show ?thesis unfolding t' t2(1) using main(2)[OF t2(2)] main(1)[OF BU(1)] by simp qed qed auto
theorem"t ∈ B h ==> fib (h + 2) ≤ size t + 1" using size_bounded by (simp add: size_fib' fibfib[symmetric] del: fib.simps)
end
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