(* Title: HOL/Algebra/Bij.thy Author: Florian Kammueller, with new proofs by L C Paulson *)
theory Bij imports Group begin
section‹Bijections of a Set, Permutation and Automorphism Groups›
definition
Bij :: "'a set ==> ('a ==> 'a) set" 🍋‹Only extensional functions, since otherwise we get too many.› where"Bij S = extensional S ∩ {f. bij_betw f S S}"
definition
BijGroup :: "'a set ==> ('a ==> 'a) monoid" where"BijGroup S = (carrier = Bij S, mult = λg ∈ Bij S. λf ∈ Bij S. compose S g f, one = λx ∈ S. x)"
declare Id_compose [simp] compose_Id [simp]
lemma Bij_imp_extensional: "f ∈ Bij S ==> f ∈ extensional S" by (simp add: Bij_def)
lemma Bij_imp_funcset: "f ∈ Bij S ==> f ∈ S → S" by (auto simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_imp_funcset)
subsection‹Bijections Form a Group›
lemma restrict_inv_into_Bij: "f ∈ Bij S ==> (λx ∈ S. (inv_into S f) x) ∈ Bij S" by (simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_inv_into)
lemma id_Bij: "(λx∈S. x) ∈ Bij S " by (auto simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_def inj_on_def)
lemma compose_Bij: "[x ∈ Bij S; y ∈ Bij S]==> compose S x y ∈ Bij S" by (auto simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_compose)
lemma Bij_compose_restrict_eq: "f ∈ Bij S ==> compose S (restrict (inv_into S f) S) f = (λx∈S. x)" by (simp add: Bij_def compose_inv_into_id)
lemma Bij_inv_into_mem: "[ f ∈ Bij S; x ∈ S]==> inv_into S f x ∈ S" by (simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_def inv_into_into)
lemma Bij_inv_into_lemma: assumes eq: "∧x y. [x ∈ S; y ∈ S]==> h(g x y) = g (h x) (h y)" and hg: "h ∈ Bij S""g ∈ S → S → S"and"x ∈ S""y ∈ S" shows"inv_into S h (g x y) = g (inv_into S h x) (inv_into S h y)" proof - have"h ` S = S" by (metis (no_types) Bij_def Int_iff assms(2) bij_betw_def mem_Collect_eq) with‹x ∈ S›‹y ∈ S›have"∃x'∈S. ∃y'∈S. x = h x' ∧ y = h y'" by auto thenshow ?thesis using assms by (auto simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_def eq [symmetric] inv_f_f funcset_mem [THEN funcset_mem]) qed
definition
auto :: "('a, 'b) monoid_scheme ==> ('a ==> 'a) set" where"auto G = hom G G ∩ Bij (carrier G)"
lemma (in group) id_in_auto: "(λx ∈ carrier G. x) ∈ auto G" by (simp add: auto_def hom_def restrictI group.axioms id_Bij)
lemma (in group) mult_funcset: "mult G ∈ carrier G → carrier G → carrier G" by (simp add: Pi_I group.axioms)
lemma (in group) restrict_inv_into_hom: "[h ∈ hom G G; h ∈ Bij (carrier G)] ==> restrict (inv_into (carrier G) h) (carrier G) ∈ hom G G" by (simp add: hom_def Bij_inv_into_mem restrictI mult_funcset
group.axioms Bij_inv_into_lemma)
lemma inv_BijGroup: "f ∈ Bij S ==> m_inv (BijGroup S) f = (λx ∈ S. (inv_into S f) x)" apply (rule group.inv_equality [OF group_BijGroup]) apply (simp_all add:BijGroup_def restrict_inv_into_Bij Bij_compose_restrict_eq) done
lemma (in group) subgroup_auto: "subgroup (auto G) (BijGroup (carrier G))" proof (rule subgroup.intro) show"auto G ⊆ carrier (BijGroup (carrier G))" by (force simp add: auto_def BijGroup_def) next fix x y assume"x ∈ auto G""y ∈ auto G" thus"x ⊗🪙BijGroup (carrier G)🪙 y ∈ auto G" by (force simp add: BijGroup_def is_group auto_def Bij_imp_funcset
group.hom_compose compose_Bij) next show"1🪙BijGroup (carrier G)🪙∈ auto G"by (simp add: BijGroup_def id_in_auto) next fix x assume"x ∈ auto G" thus"inv🪙BijGroup (carrier G)🪙 x ∈ auto G" by (simp del: restrict_apply
add: inv_BijGroup auto_def restrict_inv_into_Bij restrict_inv_into_hom) qed
theorem (in group) AutoGroup: "group (AutoGroup G)" by (simp add: AutoGroup_def subgroup.subgroup_is_group subgroup_auto
group_BijGroup)
end
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