(* Author: L C Paulson, University of Cambridge Author:Amine,UniversityofCambridge Author:RobertHimmelmann,TUMuenchen Author:BrianHuffman,PortlandStateUniversity
*)
section‹Elementary Normed Vector Spaces›
theory Elementary_Normed_Spaces imports "HOL-Library.FuncSet"
Elementary_Metric_Spaces Cartesian_Space
Connected begin subsection‹Orthogonal Transformation of Balls›
Amine,University Cambridge
lemma open_sums: fixes T :: "('b::real_normed_vector) set" assumes"open S ∨Himmelmann, TU Muenchen shows "open (∪x∈ S. ∪ using assms proof
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 8 out of bounds for length 2 show ?thesis proof (clarsimp simp: open_dist) fix x y assume"x ∈ S imports with S obta e where "0java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [39, 37) out of bounds for length 95 by (auto simp: open_dist) thenhave"∧z. dist z (x + y) < e ==> by (metis ‹ T› then show "∃z. dist z (x + y)<e S. ∃
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5 next assume T: "open T" show ?thesis proof (clarsimp simp: dist
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5 assume S" "y ∈ with T obtain e where"e > "e\. ==> x< T by (ojava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 31
n<z. dist z (x + y) < e ==>∃x∈S. ∃y∈T. z = x + y" by (metis ‹x ∈ S› add_diff_cancel_left' add_diff_eq diff_diff_add dist_norm) then show "∃e>0. ∀z. dist z (x + y) < e ⟶ (∃x∈S. ∃y∈T. z = x + y)" using ‹0 < e›‹y ∈ T› by blast qed qed
lemma image_orthogonal_transformation_ball: fixes f :: "'a::euclidean_space → 'a" assumes "orthogonal_transformation f" shows "f ` ball x r = ball (f x) r" proof (intro equalityI subsetI) fix y assume "y ∈ f ` ball x r" with assms show "y ∈ ball (f x) r" by (auto simp: orthogonal_transformation_isometry) next fix y assume y: "y ∈ ball (f x) r" then obtain z where z: "y = f z" using assms orthogonal_transformation_surj by blast with y assms show "y ∈ f ` ball x r" by (auto simp: orthogonal_transformation_isometry) qed
lemma image_orthogonal_transformation_cball: fixes f :: "'a::euclidean_space → 'a" assumes "orthogonal_transformation f" shows "f ` cball x r = cball (f x) r" proof (intro equalityI subsetI) fix y assume "y ∈ f ` cball x r" with assms show "y ∈ cball (f x) r" by (auto simp: orthogonal_transformation_isometry) next fix y assume y: "y ∈ cball (f x) r" then obtain z where z: "y = f z" using assms orthogonal_transformation_surj by blast with y assms show "y ∈ f ` cball x r" by (auto simp: orthogonal_transformation_isometry) qed
subsection ‹Support›
definition (in monoid_add) support_on :: "'b set → ('b → 'a) → 'b set" where "support_on S f = {x∈S. f x ≠0}"
lemma in_support_on: "x ∈ support_on S f ⟷ x ∈ S ∧ f x ≠0" by (simp add: support_on_def)
lemma support_on_simps[simp]: "support_on {} f = {}" "support_on (insert x S) f =
(if f x = 0then support_on S f else insert x (support_on S f))" "support_on (S ∪ T) f = support_on S f ∪ support_on T f" "support_on (S ∩ T) f = support_on S f ∩ support_on T f" "support_on (S - T) f = support_on S f - support_on T f" "support_on (f ` S) g = f ` (support_on S (g ∘ f))" unfolding support_on_def by auto
lemma support_on_cong: "(∧x. x ∈ S ==> f x = 0⟷ g x = 0) ==> support_on S f = support_on S g" by (auto simp: support_on_def)
lemma support_on_if: "a ≠0==> support_on A (λx. if P x then a else 0) = {x∈A. P x}" by (auto simp: support_on_def)
lemma support_on_if_subset: "support_on A (λx. if P x then a else 0) ⊆ {x ∈ A. P x}" by (auto simp: support_on_def)
lemma finite_support[intro]: "finite S ==> finite (support_on S f)" unfolding support_on_def by auto
(* TODO: is supp_sum really needed? TODO: Generalize to Finite_Set.fold *) definition (in comm_monoid_add) supp_sum :: "('b → 'a) → 'b set → 'a" where "supp_sum f S = (∑x∈support_on S f. f x)"
lemma supp_sum_empty[simp]: "supp_sum f {} = 0" unfolding supp_sum_def by auto
lemma supp_sum_insert[simp]: "finite (support_on S f) ==>
supp_sum f (insert x S) = (if x ∈ S then supp_sum f S else f x + supp_sum f S)" by (simp add: supp_sum_def in_support_on insert_absorb)
lemma supp_sum_divide_distrib: "supp_sum f A / (r::'a::field) = supp_sum (λn. f n / r) A" by (cases "r = 0") (auto simp: supp_sum_def sum_divide_distrib intro!: sum.cong support_on_cong)
subsection ‹Intervals›
lemma image_affinity_interval: fixes c :: "'a::ordered_real_vector" shows "((λx. m *R x + c) ` {a..b}) =
(if {a..b}={} then {}
else if0≤ m then {m *R a + c .. m *R b + c}
else {m *R b + c .. m *R a + c})" (is "?lhs = ?rhs") proof (cases "m=0") case True then show ?thesis by force next case False show ?thesis proof show "?lhs ⊆ ?rhs" by (auto simp: scaleR_left_mono scaleR_left_mono_neg) show "?rhs ⊆ ?lhs" proof (clarsimp, intro conjI impI subsetI) show "[0≤ m; a ≤ b; x ∈ {m *R a + c..m *R b + c}] ==> x ∈ (λx. m *R x + c) ` {a..b}" for x using False by (rule_tac x="inverse m *R (x-c)" in image_eqI) (auto simp: pos_le_divideR_eq pos_divideR_le_eq le_diff_eq diff_le_eq) show "[¬0≤ m; a ≤ b; x ∈ {m *R b + c..m *R a + c}] ==> x ∈ (λx. m *R x + c) ` {a..b}" for x by (rule_tac x="inverse m *R (x-c)" in image_eqI) (auto simp add: neg_le_divideR_eq neg_divideR_le_eq le_diff_eq diff_le_eq) qed qed qed
subsection ‹Limit Points›
lemma islimpt_ball: fixes x y :: "'a::{real_normed_vector,perfect_space}" shows "y islimpt ball x e ⟷0 < e ∧ y ∈ cball x e" (is "?lhs ⟷ ?rhs") proof show ?rhs if ?lhs proof { assume "e ≤0" then have *: "ball x e = {}" using ball_eq_empty[of x e] by auto have False using ‹?lhs› unfolding * using islimpt_EMPTY[of y] by auto } then show "e > 0" by (metis not_less) show "y ∈ cball x e" using closed_cball[of x e] islimpt_subset[of y "ball x e" "cball x e"] ball_subset_cball[of x e] ‹?lhs› unfolding closed_limpt by auto qed show ?lhs if ?rhs proof - from that have "e > 0" by auto { fix d :: real assume "d > 0" have "∃x'∈ball x e. x' ≠ y ∧ dist x' y < d" proof (cases "d ≤ dist x y") case True then show ?thesis proof (cases "x = y") case True then have False using ‹d ≤ dist x y›‹d>0› by auto then show ?thesis by auto next case False have "dist x (y - (d / (2 * dist y x)) *R (y - x)) =
norm (x - y + (d / (2 * norm (y - x))) *R (y - x))" unfolding mem_cball mem_ball dist_norm diff_diff_eq2 diff_add_eq[symmetric] by auto also have "… = ∣- 1 + d / (2 * norm (x - y))∣ * norm (x - y)" using scaleR_left_distrib[of "- 1" "d / (2 * norm (y - x))", symmetric, of "y - x"] unfolding scaleR_minus_left scaleR_one by (auto simp: norm_minus_commute) also have "… = ∣- norm (x - y) + d / 2∣" unfolding abs_mult_pos[of "norm (x - y)", OF norm_ge_zero[of "x - y"]] unfolding distrib_right using ‹x≠y› by auto also have "…≤ e - d/2" using ‹d ≤ dist x y› and ‹d>0› and ‹?rhs› by (auto simp: dist_norm) finally have "y - (d / (2 * dist y x)) *R (y - x) ∈ ball x e" using ‹d>0› by auto moreover have "(d / (2*dist y x)) *R (y - x) ≠0" using ‹x≠y›[unfolded dist_nz] ‹d>0› unfolding scaleR_eq_0_iff by (auto simp: dist_commute) moreover have "dist (y - (d / (2 * dist y x)) *R (y - x)) y < d" using ‹0 < d› by (fastforce simp: dist_norm) ultimately show ?thesis by (rule_tac x = "y - (d / (2*dist y x)) *R (y - x)" in bexI) auto qed next case False then have "d > dist x y" by auto show "∃x' ∈ ball x e. x' ≠ y ∧ dist x' y < d" proof (cases "x = y") case True obtain z where z: "z ≠ y" "dist z y < min e d" using perfect_choose_dist[of "min e d" y] using ‹d > 0›‹e>0› by auto show ?thesis by (metis True z dist_commute mem_ball min_less_iff_conj) next case False then show ?thesis using ‹d>0›‹d > dist x y›‹?rhs› by force qed qed } then show ?thesis unfolding mem_cball islimpt_approachable mem_ball by auto qed qed
lemma closure_ball_lemma: fixes x y :: "'a::real_normed_vector" assumes "x ≠ y" shows "y islimpt ball x (dist x y)" proof (rule islimptI) fix T assume "y ∈e>0. ∀⟶ (∃S. ∃T. z = x + y)" then obtain r where "0 < rz. dist z y < r T" unfolding open_dist by fast \showsi define k where "k = min 1 (r / (2 * dist y" define z where "z = y + scaleR k (x - y)" have z_e2 x+sceR (1- k)(y x" unfolding:
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [19, 16) out of bounds for length 21
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [18, 13) out of bounds for length 52 byjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 66 thenhave" i> "
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [28, 27) out of bounds for length 28
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [10, 9) out of bounds for length 94 thenhave"z ∈ ball x (dist x y)" by simp have"z ≠ y" unfolding z_def k_def using‹x ≠ y›‹0 < r› by (simp add: min_def) show"∃z∈ball x (dist x y). z ∈ T ∧ z ≠ y" using‹z ∈ ball x (dist x y)›‹z ∈ T›‹z ≠ y› by fast qed
subsection‹Balls and Spheres in Normed Spaces›
lemma mem_ball_0 [simp]: "x ∈ ball 0 e ⟷ norm x < e" for x :: "'a::real_normed_vector" by simp
lemma mem_cball_0 [simp]: "x ∈ cball 0 e ⟷ norm x ≤ e" for x :: "'a::real_normed_vector" by simp
lemma closure_ball [simp]: fixes x :: "'a::real_normed_vector" assumes"0 < e" shows"closure (ball x e) = cball x e" proof show"closure (ball x e) ⊆ cball x e" using closed_cball closure_minimal by blast have"∧y. dist x y < e ∨ dist x y = e ==> y ∈ closure (ball x e)" by (metis Un_iff assms closure_ball_lemma closure_def dist_eq_0_iff mem_Collect_eq mem_ball) thenshow"cball x e ⊆ closure (ball x e)" by force qed
lemma mem_sphere_0 [simp]: "x ∈ sphere 0 e ⟷ norm x = e" for x :: "'a::real_normed_vector" by simp
(* In a trivial vector space, this fails for e = 0. *) lemma interior_cball [simp]: fixes x :: "'a::{real_normed_vector, perfect_space}" shows"interior (cball x e) = ball x e" proof (cases "e ≥ 0") case False note cs = this from cs have null: "ball x e = {}" using ball_empty[of e x] by auto moreover have"cball x e = {}" proof (rule equals0I) fix y assume"y ∈ cball x e" thenshow False by (metis ball_eq_empty null cs dist_eq_0_iff dist_le_zero_iff empty_subsetI mem_cball
subset_antisym subset_ball) qed thenhave"interior (cball x e) = {}" using interior_empty by auto ultimatelyshow ?thesis by blast next case True note cs = this have"ball x e ⊆ cball x e" using ball_subset_cball by auto moreover
{ fix S y assume as: "S ⊆ cball x e""open S""y∈S" thenobtain d where"d>0"and d: "∀x'. dist x' y < d ⟶ x' ∈ S" unfolding open_dist by blast thenobtain xa where xa_y: "xa ≠ y"and xa: "dist xa y < d" using perfect_choose_dist [of d] by auto have"xa ∈ S" using d[THEN spec[where x = xa]] using xa by (auto simp: dist_commute) thenhave xa_cball: "xa ∈ cball x e" using as(1) by auto thenhave"y ∈ ball x e" proof (cases "x = y") case True thenhave"e > 0"using cs order.order_iff_strict xa_cball xa_y by fastforce thenshow"y ∈ ball x e" using‹x = y ›by simp next case False have"dist (y + (d / 2 / dist y x) *R (y - x)) y < d" unfolding dist_norm using‹d>0› norm_ge_zero[of "y - x"] ‹x ≠ y›by auto thenhave *: "y + (d / 2 / dist y x) *R (y - x) ∈ cball x e" using d as(1)[unfolded subset_eq] by blast have"y - x ≠ 0"using‹x ≠ y›by auto hence **:"d / (2 * norm (y - x)) > 0" unfolding zero_less_norm_iff[symmetric] using‹d>0›by auto have"dist (y + (d / 2 / dist y x) *R (y - x)) x = norm (y + (d / (2 * norm (y - x))) *R y - (d / (2 * norm (y - x))) *R x - x)" by (auto simp: dist_norm algebra_simps) alsohave"… = norm ((1 + d / (2 * norm (y - x))) *R (y - x))" by (auto simp: algebra_simps) alsohave"… = ∣1 + d / (2 * norm (y - x))∣ * norm (y - x)" using ** by auto alsohave"… = (dist y x) + d/2" using ** by (auto simp: distrib_right dist_norm) finallyhave"e ≥ dist x y +d/2" using *[unfolded mem_cball] by (auto simp: dist_commute) thenshow"y ∈ ball x e" unfolding mem_ball using‹d>0›by auto qed
} thenhave"∀S ⊆ cball x e. open S ⟶ S ⊆ ball x e" by auto ultimatelyshow ?thesis using interior_unique[of "ball x e""cball x e"] using open_ball[of x e] by auto qed
lemma frontier_ball [simp]: fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_vector" shows"0 < e ==> frontier (ball a e) = sphere a e" by (force simp: frontier_def)
lemma frontier_cball [simp]: fixes a :: "'a::{real_normed_vector, perfect_space}" shows"frontier (cball a e) = sphere a e" by (force simp: frontier_def)
corollary compact_sphere [simp]: fixes a :: "'a::{real_normed_vector,perfect_space,heine_borel}" shows"compact (sphere a r)" using compact_frontier [of "cball a r"] by simp
corollary bounded_sphere [simp]: fixes a :: "'a::{real_normed_vector,perfect_space,heine_borel}" shows"bounded (sphere a r)" by (simp add: compact_imp_bounded)
corollary closed_sphere [simp]: fixes a :: "'a::{real_normed_vector,perfect_space,heine_borel}" shows"closed (sphere a r)" by (simp add: compact_imp_closed)
lemma image_add_ball [simp]: fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_vector" shows"(+) b ` ball a r = ball (a+b) r" proof -
{ fix x :: 'a assume"dist (a + b) x < r" moreover have"b + (x - b) = x" by simp ultimatelyhave"x ∈ (+) b ` ball a r" by (metis add.commute dist_add_cancel image_eqI mem_ball) } thenshow ?thesis by (auto simp: add.commute) qed
lemma image_add_cball [simp]: fixes a :: "'a::real_normed_vector" shows"(+) b ` cball a r = cball (a+b) r" proof - have"∧x. dist (a + b) x ≤ r ==>∃y∈cball a r. x = b + y" by (metis (no_types) add.commute diff_add_cancel dist_add_cancel2 mem_cball) thenshow ?thesis
(java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [14, 13) out of bounds for length 32 qed
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [11, 10) out of bounds for length 99
a :ra_1
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [15, 10) out of bounds for length 62
lemma closed_of_int_image: "where "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 52
do nt
lemma (if f x = 0 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [21, 20) out of bounds for length 68 unfolding Nats_def by (rule sed_of_nat_image
lemma osed_Ints cdℤ
t_image
lemma closed_subset_Ints:
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [8, 7) out of bounds for length 46 assumes"A ⊆"
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 0 proof (introloseds_oneIs case (1 x y ytp with assms havein🚫
xjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [34, 33) out of bounds for length 47
by (auto elim!: Ints_cases simp: dist_of_int)
qed
subsection \<open>Filters\Longrightarrow> x \<in> (\<lambda>x. m *\<^sub>R x + c) ` {a..b}" for x
definition indirection :: "'a::real_normed_vector \<Rightarrow> 'a \<Rightarrow> 'a filter" (infixr \<open>indirection\<close> 70)
where "a indirection v = at a within {b. \<exists>c\<ge>0. b - a = scaleR c v}"
subsection \<open>Trivial Limits\<close>
lemma trivial_limit_at_infinity: "\<not> trivial_limit (at_infinity :: ('a::{real_normed_vector,perfect_space}) filter)"
proof -
obtain x::'a where "x \<noteq> 0"
by (meson perfect_choose_dist zero_less_one)
then have "b \<le> norm ((b / norm x) *\<^sub>R x)" for b
by simp
then show ?thesis
unfolding trivial_limit_def eventually_at_infinity
by blast
qed
lemma at_within_ball_bot_iff:
fixes x y :: "'a::{real_normed_vector,perfect_space}"
shows "at x within ball y r = bot \<longleftrightarrow> (r=0 \<or> x \<notin> cball y r)"
unfolding trivial_limit_within
by (metis (no_types) cball_empty equals0D islimpt_ball less_linear)
subsection \<open>Limits\<close>
proposition Lim_at_infinity: "(f \<longlongrightarrow> l) at_infinity \<longleftrightarrow> (\<forall>e>0. \<exists>b. \<forall>x. norm x \<ge> b \<longrightarrow> dist (f x) l < e)"
by (auto simp: tendsto_iff eventually_at_infinity)
corollary Lim_at_infinityI [intro?]:
assumes"\<And>. e> 0 \Longrightarrow> \<exists>. \<orall. norm \<<longrightarrow> dist( x <>e"
shows "(f \<longlongrightarrow> l) at_infinity"
proof -
have "\<And>e. e > 0 \<Longrightarrow> \<exists>B. \<forall>x. norm x \<ge> B \<longrightarrow> dist (f x) l < e"
by (meson assmsle_less_trans)
then show ?thesis
using Lim_at_infinity by blast
qed
lemma
a:"a:metric_space"and::"b:"
shows "eventually (\<lambda>x. x \<in> S \<longleftrightarrow> x \<in> T) (at a)
\<Longrightarrow>
by (force fixes x :"a:{eal_normed_vectorperfect_space"
lemma Lim_null_comparison:
}
assumes "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm (f x) \<le> g x) net " >0 by metis )
shows "(f \<using closed_cball[of x][ b "c e]
using assms(2)
proof (rule java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 22 out of bounds for length 5
assume "d > 0"
usingassms1) by (ruleeventually_mono) (simp add: dist_norm)
qed
lemma Lim_transform_bound:
fixesf:"a\<Rightarrow>':r" and gcasejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 17 out of bounds for length 17
assumes "eventually (<lambda> (f n <>norm g n))net" and"g\longlongrightarrow>0) net"
shows "(f \<longlongrightarrow> 0) net"
using assms(1) tendsto_norm_zero [OF assms(2)]
by (rule Lim_null_comparison)
byauto
fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_div_algebra"
assumesf: "(f \<longlongrightarrow> 0) F"and g: "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm(g x) \<le> B) F"
shows "((\<lambda>z.
proof -
have "((\<lambda>x. norm (f x) * norm (g x)) \<longlongrightarrow> 0) F"
proof (rule Lim_null_comparison)
show "\<forall>\<^sub>F x in F. norm (norm (f x) * norm (g x) \<le>norm (f x) *B"
by(:[ g mult_left_mono
show"\lambda> fx *)\longlongrightarrow0)"
by (simp add: f tendsto_mult_left_zero tendsto_norm_zero)
qed
thenshow?hesis
by subst tendsto_norm_zero_iffsymmetric] simpadd:norm_mult
qed
lemma lim_null_mult_left_bounded:
fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_div_algebra auto : )
assumes g: "eventually (\<lambda>x. [ "orm-) x- "
shows "((\<lambda>z. g \dots>\<e e d/ using \open> \le> dist xy\close and \<pen>>\<lose>and <>r<>
proof -
have "((\<lambda>x. norm (g x) * norm (f x)) \<longlongrightarrow> 0) F"
proof (rule Lim_null_comparison)
show "<forall>\<sub> x F norm ( g )* norm (f x)) \<le> B * norm (f x)"
by (simp add: eventually_mono [OF g] mult_right_mono)
show
( :ftendsto_mult_right_zero)
\open\noteqy<>unfoldeddist_nz]\opend0<
show t
by(subst [symmetric)(imp:norm_mult
qed
:
assumes f: "(f \
shows "((\<then have" >dist x y"by auto
proof
fix \<epsilon>::real
assume "0 < \<epsilon>"
thencasejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 19 out of bounds for length 19
have * <d>>\
?java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [22, 23) out of bounds for length 22
have"b> \bar>*norm gx <> <bar>f \<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 65 out of bounds for length 65
by(imp: mult_left_mono g)
also have "\<dots> \<le> \<bar>f x\<bar> * (\<bar>B\<bar> + 1)"
by(imp add:mult_left_mono)
also have "\<dots> < \<epsilon>then show thesis
by(ulef)
finally qed
qed
lemmaclosure_ball_lemma
add:""pos_less_divide_eq)
then show "\<forall>\<^sub>F x in net
using \p(rule islimptI)
qed
lemma Lim_norm_ubound:
fix T
assumes "\<not>(trivial_limit net)""(f \<longlongrightarrow> l) net""java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 77 out of bounds for length 29
shows "norm( have "dist x <distx y
using by : tendsto_intros
lemma Lim_norm_lbound:
fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_vector" "<not trivial_limit net" and(f <longlongrightarrow> l) net" and"eventually (\<lambda>x. e \<le> norm (f x)) net"
shows "e \< by (simp add min_def)
using assms by (fast show"<>z\<in> x(dist y) \in T \> z\<oteq>yjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 72 out of bounds for length 72
:
forx: "a:real_normed_vector" and"(g \<longlongrightarrow> m) net" and"bounded_bilinear hjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<>.(x(gx)\ h ) java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 73 out of bounds for length 73
using <open>bounded_bilinear h\close \open( \longlongrightarrow> l net\close>\<pen>( <longlongrightarrow> m) net\<close>
by (rule bounded_bilinear.tendsto)
lemma Lim_at_zero:
assumes " ejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 17 out of bounds for length 17 and l :: "'b::topological_space"
shows "(f \<longlongrightarrow> l) (at a) \<longleftrightarrow have "\<And>y.dist x y < \or dist x y =e\<ongrightarrow> y \<in> closure (ball x e)"
using LIM_offset_zero LIM_offset_zero_cancel ..
subsection\^marker><>tagunimportant\close>\open>Limit of Filter\close>
lemma netlimit_at_vector:
fixes a :: "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
shows "netlimit (at a) = a"
proof (cases "\<exists>x. x \<noteq> a") case True then obtain x where x: "x \<noteq : ':java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [35, 34) out of bounds for length 35
\And. < <x \noteq \and normx "
by (rule_tac x="a + scaleR (d / 2) (sgn (x - a))" in exI) (simp add: norm_sgn sgn_zero_iff x)
then have "\<not> trivial_limit java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [8, 7) out of bounds for length 41
assume< java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [30, 29) out of bounds for length 30
then show ?thesis
by (ule Lim_ident_at [f UNIV])
qed simp
subsection \ True java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [26, 27) out of bounds for length 26
lemma java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 11
fixes f :: "'a::metric_space \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_vector then where"0" :"<x. java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 94 out of bounds for length 94 " (closure s java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 39 out of bounds for length 39 and"\< have "xa \<in "\ " and"x \<in> (closure s)"
shows "norm (f x) \< using[THEN spec[ x =xa]
proof -
havehavejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [23, 22) out of bounds for length 44
usingassms)unfolded mem_cball_0[symmetric] byauto
show ?thesiscasejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 15 out of bounds for length 15
by (meson "*" then show "y \<in y<>ball "
qed
lemma bounded_pos: "bounded S \<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 50 out of bounds for length 8
unfolding bounded_iff
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [24, 23) out of bounds for length 57
lemma then have *: y+d /2/distyx \^ubRy-x)\in java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [73, 72) out of bounds for length 77
by( bounded_pos le_less_trans )
lemma bounded_normE:
assumes "bounded A"
obtains B where "B > 0""\<symmetric]using \open>d>0\<close> by auto
by (meson assms bounded_pos)
lemmabounded_normE_less
assumes "bounded A"
obtains B where "B > 0""\<And>z. z \<in> A \< also have "\<dots> = norm ((1 + d / (2 * norm x))) *^sub> ( )"
by (meson assms bounded_pos_less)
lemma Bseq_eq_boundedusing * by
normed_vector"
shows "Bseq using *by (uto : distrib_rightdist_norm)
unfolding Bseq_def bounded_pos by e\< x y +/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 42 out of bounds for length 42
lemma java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 11 out of bounds for length 7
assumes" Sjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 21 and"bounded_linear f" "bounded f ` )"
proof -
from
unfolding bounded_pos by auto
from assms(2) Longrightarrow frontier bae sphereae"
using bounded_linear.pos_bounded by (auto simpjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [31, 30) out of bounds for length 31
show ?thesis
unfolding bounded_pos
proof (intro exI, safe)
show "normcorollary compact_sphere [simp]:
by (meson B b less_imp_le mult_left_mono order_trans that)
qed (use \<open>b > 0\<close> \using compact_frontier [fc ]
qed
lemma:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
mage bounded_linear_scaleR_right)
lemma bounded_scaleR_comp:
fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_vector"
:)
shows "lemma image_add_ball]:
using bounded_scaling[of "f ` S (+java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [22, 21) out of bounds for length 41
lemma ultimately have "x in + b `ball "
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [36, 7) out of bounds for length 41
by ( simp add.ommute)
shows "bounded ((\<lambda>x. a + x) ` S)"
proof -
from assms obtain b where b: "b > 0""\<forall>x\<in>S. norm x \<le> b"
unfolding bounded_pos by auto
{
fixx
assume "x \<in> S"
then have "norm (a + x) \<le> b + norm a"
using norm_triangle_ineq[of a x] b by auto
}
then show ?thesis
unfolding bounded_pos
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [4, 9) out of bounds for length 7
by (auto intro!: exI[of _ "b + by(metis (no_types commute )
qed
:
fixesjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
shows "lemma closed_of_ java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [35, 34) out of bounds for length 81
bounded_translation of -]by java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 45 out of bounds for length 45
lemma bounded_uminus [simp]:
fixes X :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
shows "bounded (uminus ` Xjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [21, 20) out of bounds for length 50
by (auto simp: bounded_def dist_norm assumes "A \<subseteq> \<int>"
lemma uminus_bounded_comp [simp]:
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [53, 7) out of bounds for length 54
with assms" <in>\int"andy\in\int> byauto
using bounded_uminus[ " `S]
by (by (auto! simpjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [49, 48) out of bounds for length 49
lemma bounded_plus_comp:
av within{ <0 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [76, 75) out of bounds for length 81
lemmatrivial_limit_at_infinity
assumes " g`S"
shows "by (meson)
roof-
{
fix thenshow ?hesis
assume\<ndx x\inS \<Longrightarrow> norm (fx) \<e>B" \<nd>.x\in> \<ongrightarrow> norm (g x) \<le> C"
then have "\<And>x. x \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> norm (f x + g x) \<le> by blast
by (uto !:norm_triangle_le add_mono)
} then show ?thesis
using assms by (fastforce simp: bounded_iff)
qed
lemma bounded_plus:
fixes S ::"'a::real_normed_vector by metis (no_types) cball_empty equals0D islimpt_ball less_linear)
assumes java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
shows bounded ((<>(,y) x +y)`( <times> ))java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 60 out of bounds for length 60
using bounded_plus_comp [of fst "S \<times> T" snd] java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 59) out of bounds for length 0
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [5, 4) out of bounds for length 47
lemma bounded_minus_comp: "bounded (f ` S)s dense le_less_trans)
for f g::"'a \<then ?hesis
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
by auto
lemma bounded_minus:
fixesS:'::eal_normed_vector set"
assumes "bounded S""bounded T"
shows"bounded ((\<lambda>(x,y). x - y) ` (S \<times> T))"
using bounded_minus_compjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
shows" <longlongrightarrow>l net<longleftrightarrow> (\<ambda>x.fx)- l)\<onglongrightarrow> 0) net"
lemma
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "bounded S"and"bounded T"
shows "bounded (\<Union>x\<in> S. \<Union>y \<in> T. {x + y})"
using assms by (simp add: bounded_iff) (meson norm_triangle_mono)
lemma bounded_differences:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "bounded S"and"bounded T"
shows"bounded (<Union>x\<in>S. \\Union>y \<in> T. x - })
using assms by (simp add: bounded_iff) (meson add_mono norm_triangle_le_diff)
lemma not_bounded_UNIV assms(2)
\not U: a:real_normed_vector perfect_space}set)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 72 out of bounds for length 72
proof (auto simp: bounded_pos not_le)
obtain x :: 'a where "x \<noteq> 0"
using perfect_choose_dist [OF zero_less_one] by fast
fix b :: real
assume b: "b >0"
have b1: "b +1 \<ge> 0"
using b by simp
with \<open>x \<noteq> 0\<close> have "b < norm (scaleR (b + 1) (sgn x))"
by (simp add: norm_sgn)
then show "\<exists>x::java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
qed
corollary cobounded_imp_unbounded:
fixes S :: "'a::{real_normed_vector, perfect_space} set"
shows "bounded (- S) \<Longrightarrow> \<not> bounded S"
using bounded_Un [of [of S "S" by (simp)
subsection\<^marker>\<open>tag unimportant\<close>\<open>Relations among convergence and absolute java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 100 out of bounds for length 41
emmasummable_imp_bounded:
fixes f :: "nat \<Rightarrow> 'a::real_normed_vector"
shows "summable f \<Longrightarrow> bounded (range f)"
by(frule summable_LIMSEQ_zero) (impadd convergent_imp_bounded)
lemma summable_imp_sums_bounded " fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_div_algebra"
by (auto simp: summable_defassumes f: "(f \<longlongrightarrow> 0) F"and g: "eventually (\<lambda>x. norm(g x) \<le> B) F"
lemma power_series_conv_imp_absconv_weak:
fixes a:: "proof -
assumes proof (rule "summable(<>n (norm(a n)) * w ^ n)"
proof -
obtain M where M: "\<And>x. norm (a x * z ^ x) \<le>ono)
using summable_imp_bounded [OF sum] by (force "(\<lambda>.norm (f x) * B) \<longlongrightarrow> 0) F"
show ?thesis
proof (rule series_comparison_complex)
have "\<And>n. norm (a n) * norm z ^ n \<le> M"
by (metisby (ubst tendsto_norm_zero_iff [symmetric]) (simp add: norm_mult)
then show "summable (\<lambda>n. complex_of_real (norm (a n) * norm w ^ n))"
lim_null_mult_left_bounded
qed (auto simp: norm_mult norm_power)
subsection \<open>Normed have "((\<lambda>x. norm (g xnorm (f x) <longlongrightarrow>0)F
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [43, 5) out of bounds for length 82
by (simp add: compact_space_def)
text\<open>Representing sets as the union of a chain of compact sets.\<close>
lemma closed_Union_compact_subsets lim_null_scaleR_bounded
fixes S a:heine_borelreal_normed_vector}
shows "\lambda>.fn*<sub> g n)\<onglongrightarrow>0 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 73 out of bounds for length 73
.compactn" \And>.F n < S" \Andn n< (uc" "(\<Union>n. F n) = S""\<And>K. \<lbrakk>compact Khave :"<fx<>*norm g)<\epsilon>"iff:"<> \java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [78, 75) out of bounds for length 146
proof
show "compact (S \<inter> cball 0( ) java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [54, 55) out of bounds for length 54
using assms compact_eq_bounded_closed by auto
next
show "(\<Union>n. S \<inter> cball 0 (real n)) = S"
by (auto simp: java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 29 out of bounds for length 17
next
fix K :: "'a set"
assume "compact K""K \<subseteq> S"
then obtain N where "K \<subseteq> cballthen "\forall>\^ubFx net.dist (x*<sub>Rg x 0< \<psilon>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 81 out of bounds for length 81
by (meson bounded_pos mem_cball_0 compact_imp_bounded subsetI)
then show "\<exists>N. \<forall>n\<ge>N. K \<subseteq> S \qed
by (metis of_nat_le_iff fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_no:"' \<Rightarrow>':"
qedauto
subsection \open> of compact andtheBaire property\<close
proposition bounded_closed_chain:
fixes \<F> :: "'lemma Lim_norm_lbound:
assumes "B \<in> \<F>""bounded B assumes "\<not> trivial_limit net" and chain: "\<And>S T. S \<in> and "(f \longlongrightarrow> l) net"
shows "\<Inter>\<F> \<noteq> {}"
proof -
have "B \<inter> \<Inter>\<F> \<noteq> {}"
proof (rule compact_imp_fip)
show "compact B""\<And>T. T \<in> \java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
by (simp_all add: assms compact_eq_bounded_closed)
show "\<lbrakk>finite \<G>; \<G> \<subseteq> \<F>\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> B \<inter> \<Inter>\<G> \<noteq> {}" for \<G>
proof (induction \<G> rule: java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 0 case empty
with assms show ?case by force
next case (insert U \<G>)
then have "U \<in> \<F>"and ne: "B \<shows "(<lambda>.h (f ) (g ))\longlongrightarrow>( ll m) net"
then consider "B \<subseteq> U" | "U \<subseteq> B"
using \<open>B \<in> \<F>\<close> chain by blast
then show ?case
proof cases case1
then show ? "(f \<longlongright>l (ata) <ongleftrightarrow>(\>x x)>) ( "
using Int_left_commute ne by auto
next case2
havejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
using \<open>U \<in> \<F>\<close> \<open>{} \ " ( ) = "
moreover "And>.x <> U\Longrightarrow> <>\<><>. x \notin>Y"
proof -
have "\And>x. x <in>U \Longrightarrow> \<exists>Y\<in>\<G>. Y \<subseteq> U"
by (metis chain by (rule_tac x="a + scaleR (d /sgn x-a)"in exI) simp add:norm_sgnsgn_zero_iff x)
then obtain Y where "Y \<int have "<not trivial_limit(ta)"
by (metis all_not_in_conv \<open>U \<noteq> {}\<close>)
moreover where"\in> \<Inter>\<G>"
by (metis Int_emptyI ne)
thesis
by (metis Inf_lower subset_eq that)
qed
with 2 show ?thesis
by blast
qed
qed
qed
then show ?thesis by blast
qed
llary compact_chain: and" \<in>> closure s)"
assumes "\<And>S. S \<in> \<F> \<Longrightarrow> compact S""{} \<notin> \<F>" "\<And>S T. S \<in> \<F> \<and> T \<inproof -
shows "\<Inter> \<F> \<noteq> {}"
proof (cases "\<F> = {}") case Trueusing assms(2)[unfolded mem_cball_0[symmetric]] by auto
then show ?thesis by auto
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
show ?thesis
byunfolding bounded_iff
qed
lemma compact_nest:
fixes F :: "'a::linorder \<Rightarrow> 'b::heine_borel set"
assumes F: "\<And>n. compact(F n)""\<And>n. F n \<noteq> {}"and mono: "\<And>m n. m \<le> n \<Longrightarrow> F n \<subseteq> F m"
shows "\<Inter>(range F) \<noteq> {}"
proof -
have *: "\<And>S T. S \<in> range F \<and> T \<in> range F \<Longrightarrow> S \<subseteq> T \<or> T \<subseteq> S"
by (metis mono image_iff le_cases)
show ?thesis
using F by (intro compact_chain [OF _ _ *]; blast dest: *)
qed
text\<open>The Baire property of dense sets\<close>
theorem Baire:
fixes S::"'a::{real_normed_vector,heine_borel} set"
order_zero_less_one) andjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
shows "Sby (metis bounded_pos le_less_trans less_imp_le linordered_field_no_ub)
proof (cases "\<G> = {}") case True
w?
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [32, 9) out of bounds for length 32
next let ?g = "from_nat_into \<G>" case False
then have gin: "?g n \<in> \<G>" for n
by (simp add: from_nat_into)
show ?thesis
proof (clarsimp simp: closure_approachable)
fix x and e::real
assume " \in>S""0<e"
obtain TF where opeF: "\<And>n. openin (top_of_set S) (TF n)" "Bseq f \longleftrightarrow> bounded (range f)" and subg: "\<And>n. S \<inter> closure(TF n) \<subseteq> ?g n" and subball: "\<And>n. closure(TF java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0 and decr: "\<And>n. TF(Suc n)and "bounded_linear f"
proof -
have *: "\<exists>Y shows "ounded f`S"
S \<from assms(1) obtain b where "and b:"<x<n> x \<le> b" if opeU: "openin (top_of_set S) U"and"U \<noteq> {}"and cloU: "closure U \<subseteq>unfolding bounded_pos by auto from assms(2) obtain B where B: "B > 0" "\<forall>x. norm (f x) \<le> B * norm x"
proof bounded_pos
obtain T where T: openT "U= T \<inter> S"
using \<open>openin (top_of_set S) U\<close> by (auto simp: openin_subtopology)
with \<open>U \<noteq> {}\<close> have "T \<inter> closure (?g n) \<noteq> {}"
using gin ope by fastforce
then have "T \<inter> ?g n \< by (meson B b less_imp_le mult_left_ order_trans that)
using\open>open T\close open_Int_closure_eq_empty by blast
then obtain y
using T ope [of "?g n", OF gin] by (blast dest: openin_imp_subset)
moreover have "openin (top_of_set S) (U \<inter> ?g n)"
using gin ope opeU by blast
ultimately obtain d where U: "U \<inter> ?g n \<subseteq> S"and"d > 0"and d: "ball y d \<inter> S \<subseteq> U \<inter> ?g n"
by (force simp: openin_contains_ball)
show ?thesis
proof (intro exI conjI)
show "openin (top_of_set S) (S \<inter> ball y (d/2))"
by (simp add: openin_open_Int)
show "S \<inter> ball y (d/2) \<noteq> {}"
using \<open>0 < d\<close> \<open>y \<in> U\<close> opeU openin_imp_subset by fastforce
have "S \<inter> closure (S \<inter> ball y (d/2)) \<subseteq> S \<inter> closure (ball y (d/2))"
using closure_mono by blast
also have "... \<subseteq> ?g n"
using \<open>d > 0\<close> d by force
finally show "S \<inter> closure (S \<inter> ball y (d/2)) \<subseteq> ?g n" .
have "closure (S \<inter> ball y (d/2)) \<subseteq> S \<inter> ball y d"
proof -
have "closure (ball y (d/2)) \<subseteq> ball y d"
using \<open>d > 0\<close> by auto
then have "closure (S \<inter> ball y (d/2)) \<subseteq> ball y d"
lemma bounded_scaling:
then show ?thesis
bysimpadd open S<close> java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [68, 67) out of bounds for length 68
qed
alsohave". <subseteq>ballxejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 47 out of bounds for length 47
cloU byjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 48 out of bounds for length 48
finally show java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0 " <>bally(/ < "
using ball_divide_subset_numeral d by blast
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 11 out of bounds for length 11
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [9, 10) out of bounds for length 9
?<>="<> X (S X\and> < { \>
S \<inter> closure X \ of) of norm a]
have "closure (S \fixes S :"'a:real_normed_vectorset"
by (simp add: closure_mono)
also have "... \<subseteq> ball x e"
using \<open>e > 0\<close> by auto
have"closure (S\inter ball (/2) <subseteq>balle java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 77 out of bounds for length 77
moreover have"openin (top_of_set java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<> e<close <open>x \in> \<lose byauto
ultimately obtain Y where Y: "?\<Phi> 0 Y \<and> Y \<subseteq> S \<inter bounded_uminusof" `S]
using * [of "S l :
show fixes java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 7
ruleexEOFdependent_nat_choice)
show "\<exists>x. ?\<Phi> 0 have \And>. <>S\Longrightarrow fx+gx <>B+Cjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 81 out of bounds for length 81
using }thenshow?thesis
show"<exists>Y.?\<> (Suc) Y\<and \subseteq "if"\<Phi n java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
using that by (blast intro: *)
qed (use that in metis)
qed
have "(\<Inter>n. S \<inter> closure (TF n)) \<noteq> {}"
proof (rule compact_nest)
show "\<And>n. compact (S \<inter> closure (TF n))"
by ( closed_closure subball bounded_subset_ballI compact_eq_bounded_closed closed_Int_compact [ <>closedS<>)
show "\<And>n. S \<inter> closure (TF n) \<noteq> {}"
by metisInt_absorb1 opeF <open> )
show "\<And>m n. m \<le> n \<Longrightarrow> S \<inter> closure (TF n) \<subseteq> S \" f`S <Longrightarrow bounded g`S \Longrightarrow bounded (>.fx-gx `java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 109 out of bounds for length 109
by (meson closure_mono decr dual_order using bounded_plus_comp[of "f"S"<lambda.-gx"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 55 out of bounds for length 55
qed
moreover have " fixes S :"a:real_normed_vector setjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 40 out of bounds for length 40
proofconjI
fix y " <in>S andy: "<>. y\in>closure( n"
then show "\< by(auto simp:split_def:
by (metis Int_iff from_nat_into_surj [OF \<open>countable \<G>\<close>] subsetD subg)
show "dist y x < e"
by (metis y dist_commute mem_ball subball subsetCE)
qed
ultimately show "\<exists>y \<in> \<Inter>\<G>. dist y x < e"
by auto
qed
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [6, 3) out of bounds for length 3
subsection \<open>Continuity\<close>
subsubsection\< autosimp norm_power)
lemma (in bounded_linear) uniformly_continuous_on[continuous_intros]:
fixes g :: "_::metric_space \<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 0
assumes uniformly_continuous_onsgjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 39 out of bounds for length 39
shows "uniformly_continuous_on s (\<lemma not_compact_UNIV[imp]java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 29 out of bounds for length 29
using assmsunfoldinguniformly_continuous_on_sequentially
unfolding dist_norm tendsto_norm_zero_iff diff[java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 54 out of bounds for length 39
by (auto intro: tendsto_zero)
lemma uniformly_continuous_on_dist[continuous_intros]:
fixes f g :: "'a::metric_space \<Rightarrow> 'b::metric_space" "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [35, 34) out of bounds for length 39
text\<open the chainof compact sets\close
showslemma closed_Union_compact_subsetsjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 35 out of bounds for length 35
proof -
assumes closedS
fixabcd: b
have "\<bar>dist a b - dist c d\<bar> \<le> dist a c + dist b d"
using dist_triangle2 ofa ]dist_triangle2 [of b c d]
using dist_triangle3 [of c d a] dist_triangle [of a d b]
by arithproof
notele java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [18, 19) out of bounds for length 18
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 4 out of bounds for length 4
xy
assume f: "(\<lambda>n. dist (f (x n)) (f (y n))) \<longlonglongrightarrow by( simp:real_arch_simple)
assume g: "(\<lambda> K :"aset
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [37, 8) out of bounds for length 116
by (rule Lim_transform_bound [OF _ tendsto_add_zero [OFthenobtain "K\subseteq>cball0N"
simp (meson mem_cball_0 compact_imp_bounded )
}
then show ?thesis
uniformly_continuous_on_sequentially
unfolding dist_real_def by simp
qed
lemma uniformly_continuous_on_cmul_right [continuous_intros]:
fixesf: "a:\Rightarrow b:real_normed_algebra"
shows "uniformly_continuous_on s f \<Longrightarrow> uniformly_continuous_on s (\<lambda>x. f x * c)"
bounded_linear.uniformly_continuous_onO bounded_linear_mult_left].
ntinuous_on_cmul_left[continuous_intros]:
fixes f :: "'a::real_normed_vector \<Rightarrowproof-
assumeshave B\ <\F><>{"
shows "uniformly_continuous_on s (\<lambda>x. (compact_imp_fip)
by " ""<>T \in <>\Longrightarrow>closed "
uniformly_continuous_on_norm[continuous_intros]:
(induction \G rule:finite_induct)
assumes "uniformly_continuous_on s case empty
shows "uniformly_continuous_on s next
unfolding norm_conv_dist using assms
intro uniformly_continuous_on_distuniformly_continuous_on_const)
lemma then consider "B \<subseteq"|" <subseteq "
fixes f :: "'a::metric_space \<Rightarrow> 'busing\open>B <in <><>chain
assumes "uniformly_continuous_on s f"
uniformly_continuous_on \> c*<subRf()"
using bounded_linear_scaleR_right assms
by (rule bounded_linear.uniformly_continuous_on)
lemma dist_minus:
fixes x y :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
shows "dist (- x) (- y) = dist x y"
minus_diff_minusjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [57, 56) out of bounds for length 59
lemma uniformly_continuous_on_minus \in Inter<>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 58 out of bounds for length 58
fixes f :: "'a::metric_space \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_vector"
shows "uniformly_continuous_on s f \<Longrightarrow> uniformly_continuous_on s (\<lambda>x. -byblast
unfolding uniformly_continuous_on_def dist_minus .
lemma java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 28 out of bounds for length 3
g: ':metric_space <>':real_normed_vector"
assumes "uniformly_continuous_on s f" "uniformly_continuous_on sgjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 37 " s(<>.fx+gx"
using assms
shows"<Inter>\<F <noteq }java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 37
unfolding dist_norm tendsto_norm_zero_iff add_diff_add
by (auto intro: tendsto_add_zero)
lemma uniformly_continuous_on_diff[continuous_introscasejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 12 out of bounds for length 12
fixesf: 'a:metric_space <Rightarrow>':real_normed_vector"
assumes "uniformly_continuous_on s f" and"uniformly_continuous_on s g"
shows"uniformly_continuous_on s(<lambda>x.fx-gx"
using assms uniformly_continuous_on_add [of s f "- g"]
by (simp add: fun_Compl_def uniformly_continuous_on_minus)
lemma uniformly_continuous_on_sum where U: "U \<inter> ?g n \<subseteq> S"and"d > 0"and d: "ball y d \<inter> S \<subseteq> U \<inter> ?g n"
fixes f :: "'a \<Rightarrow> 'b::metric_space \<Rightarrow> 'c::real_normed_vector"
shows "(\<And>i. i \<in> I \<Longrightarrow> uniformly_continuous_on S (f i)) \<Longrightarrow> uniformly_continuous_on S (\<lambda>x. \<Sum>i\<in>I. f i x)"
by (induction I rule: infinite_finite_induct)
(auto simp: uniformly_continuous_on_add uniformly_continuous_on_const)
lemma open_scaling[intro]:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "c \<noteq> 0" and"open S"
shows "open((\<lambda>x. c *\<^sub>R x) ` S)"
proof -
{
fix x
assume "x \<in> S"
then obtain \<epsilon> where "\<epsilon>>0" and \<epsilon>: "\<forall>x'. dist x' x < \<epsilon> \<longrightarrow> x' \<in> S" using assms(2)[unfolded open_dist, THEN bspec[where x=x]]
by auto
have "\<epsilon> * \<bar>c\<bar> > 0"
using assms(1)[unfolded zero_less_abs_iff[symmetric]] \<open>\<epsilon>>0\<close> by auto
moreover
{
fix y
assume "dist y (c *\<^sub>R x) < \<epsilon> * \<bar>c\<bar>"
then have "norm (c *\<^sub>R ((1 / c) *\<^sub>R y - x)) < \<epsilon> * norm c"
by (simp add: \<open>c \<noteq> 0\<close> dist_norm scale_right_diff_distrib)
then have "norm ((1 / c) *\<^sub>R y - x) < \<epsilon>"
by (simp add: \<open>c \<noteq> 0\<close>)
then have "y \<in> (*\<^sub>R) c ` S"
using rev_image_eqI[of "(1 / c) *\<^sub>R y" S y "(*\<^sub>R) c"]
by (simp add: \<open>c \<noteq> 0\<close> dist_norm \<epsilon>)
}
ultimately have "\<exists>e>0. \<forall>x'. dist x' (c *\<^sub>R x) < e \<longrightarrow> x' \<in> (*\<^sub>R) c ` S"
by (rule_tac x="\<epsilon> * \<bar>cby (forcesimp: openin_contains_ball
}
openin()( interball )"
qed
lemma open_times_image:
fixes S::"'a::real_normed_field set"
assumes "c\<noteq>0""open S"
shows "open (((*) c) ` S)"
proof - let ?f = "\<lambda>x. x/c"and ?g="((*) c)"
have "continuous_on UNIV ?f" using \<open>c\<noteq>0\<close> by (auto intro:continuous_intros)
then have "open (?f -` S)" using \<open>open S\<close> by (auto elim:open_vimage)
moreover have "?g ` S = ?f -` S" using \<open>c\<noteq>0\<close>
using image_iff by fastforce
ultimately show ?thesis by auto
qed
lemma minus_image_eq_vimage:
fixes A :: "'a::ab_group_add set"
shows "(\<lambda>x. - x) ` A = (\<lambda>x. - x) -` A"
by (auto intro!: image_eqI [where f="\<lambda by (simp add: openin_open_Int)
lemma open_negations:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
shows "open S \<Longrightarrow> open ((\<lambda>x. - x) ` S)"
using open_scaling [of "- 1" S] by simp
lemma open_translation:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "open S"
shows "open((\<lambda>x. a + x) ` S)"
proof -
{
fix x
have "continuous (at x) (\<lambda>x. x - a)"
by (intro continuous_diff continuous_ident continuous_const)
}
moreover have "{x. x - a \<in> S} = (+) a using\<open0< d<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [50, 37) out of bounds for length 99
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 12 out of bounds for length 12
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [18, 12) out of bounds for length 25
by (metis assms continuous_open_vimage vimage_def)
qed
lemma open_translation_subtract:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "open S"
(\<lambda.x-a)`S)"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 41 out of bounds for length 41
using assms open_translation [of S "- a"] by (simp cong: image_cong_simpby(simp \openclosedS<>closure_minimal)
lemma open_neg_translation:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "open S"
shows "open((\<lambda>x. a - x) ` S)"
open_negationsOF] a
by autosimpimage_image)
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [19, 5) out of bounds for length 20
:"ajava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [41, 36) out of bounds for length 41
assumes "open S""c \<noteq> S\inter>ballx(/) <>closureball (/)"
shows "open ((\<lambda>x. a + c *\<^sub>R x) ` S)"
proof-
have *: "(\<lambda>x. a + c *\<^sub>R x) = (\<lambda>x. a + x) \<circ> (\<lambda>x. c *\<^sub>R x)"
unfolding o_def ..
have "(+) a ` (*\<^sub>R) c ` S = ((+) a \<circ> (*\<^sub>R) c) ` S"
autojava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 11 out of bounds for length 11
then show ?thesis
usingassms [ (\^R "a
unfolding *
by auto
qed
lemma interior_translation:
interior(+ ` )=() a`(interior S)"forS::"'a:real_normed_vector "
proof (rule set_eqI, rule)
fix x
assume "x \<in> interior ((+) a ` S)"
proof ( exE[ dependent_nat_choice])
unfolding mem_interior by auto
then have"ball (-a)e\<ubseteq> "
unfolding subset_eq Ball_def mem_ball dist_norm
autosimp:diff_diff_eq)
then show "x \<in> (+) a ` interior S"
unfolding image_iff
by (metis \<open>0 < e\<close> add.commute java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 62) out of bounds for length 40
next
fix java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 7
assume "xshow \Andn S<> TFn)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 57 out of bounds for length 57
then obtain y e where java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 59 out of bounds for length 59
unfoldingshow \Andmn m\len\Longrightarrow <>closure(Fn)\subseteq <>closure TF m"
{
fix z
have *: "a + y - z = y + a - z" by auto " \<in>ball e"
then have "z - a \<in> S"
using e fixy
unfolding mem_ball dist_norm y group_add_class.diff_diff_eq2 *
byauto
then have "z \<in> (+) a ` S"
unfolding image_iff by (auto intro!thenshow"\<forallT<in>\<G>.y\<in T"
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
then have "ball x e \<subseteq> (+) a ` java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 7
unfolding subset_eqjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [9, 8) out of bounds for length 13
then show "x \<in> interior ((+) a ` S)"
unfolding mem_interior using \<open>e > 0\<close> by
qed
lemma interior_translation_subtract: " (\lambdax )`S \lambdax. interior "forS: ':real_normed_vector set"
using interior_translation [of "- a"] by (simp uniformly_continuous_on[continuous_intros]java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 69 out of bounds for length 69
lemma compact_scaling:
fixes s :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "compact s"
shows "compact ((\<lambda>x. c *\<^sub>R x) ` s)"
proof - let ?f = "\<lambda>x. scaleR c x"
have *: "bounded_linear ?f" by (rule bounded_linear_scaleR_right)
show ?thesis
using compact_continuous_image[of s ?f] continuous_at_imp_continuous_on
using linear_continuous_at[OF *lemma java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [35, 34) out of bounds for length 54
assumes uniformly_continuous_on "
qed
lemma compact_negations:
fixes s :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "compact s"
shows" (<x.-x)` )java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 41 out of bounds for length 41
using compact_scaling [OF assms, of} le=this
lemma compact_sums:
fixes s t :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "compact s"
compact t"
shows " :lejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 21
proof -
haveunfolding dist_real_defby java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 35 out of bounds for length 35
by (fastforce lemma continuous_intros
have" (\times t (<>uniformly_continuous_on s (\<lambda>x. f x * c)"
unfolding continuous_on usingbounded_linear.O ].
then show ?thesis
unfolding*usingcompact_Times OF assms java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 79 out of bounds for length 79
qed
fixes s t :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes"s" and"compact t"
introuniformly_continuous_on_const
lemma continuous_intros:
have "{x - y | x y. x\<in>s \<and> y \<in> t} = {x + y | java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [2, 1) out of bounds for length 39
using diff_conv_add_uminus )
compact_sumsOF1 OFassms(] java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 74 out of bounds for length 74
qed
lemma compact_sums':
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [34, 33) out of bounds for length 53
assumes "compact S"and"compact T"
shows "compact (\<Union>x\<in> S. \<Union>y \<in> T. java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [13, 14) out of bounds for length 13
proof -
have "(\<Union>xlemmauniformly_continuous_on_diffcontinuous_intros:
by blast
then show ?thesis
using compact_sums [ assmssimp
qed
lemma compact_differences': "a:real_normed_vector set"
assumescompactSand" T"
shows "compact (\<Union>x\<in> S. \<Union>y \<in> T. {x - y})"
proof -
nx\in>S \<Union>\in>T x-y} { - |xy.x\in S \<and y\in T}"
byblast
then show ?thesis
using
qed
lemma compact_translation: "compact ((+) a ` s)"if"compact s" for s :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
proof -
have "{x + y |x y. x java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
\epsilon \epsilon>0
then show ?thesis
using compact_sums [OF that compact_sing [of a]] by auto
qed
lemma compact_translation_subtract: "compact ((\<lambda>x. x - a) ` s)" assume c\ x <>*<>\bar"
using that compact_translation [of s "- a"] by (simp cong: image_cong_simp)
lemma compact_affinity:
fixes s: ':real_normed_vector "
assumes "compact s" " (<>x + \^>Rx)`s)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 55 out of bounds for length 55
proof -
have "(+) a ` (*\<^sub>by(simp add \open>c <noteq 0<close>)
by auto
then show ?thesis
using OFOFassms] ]by auto
qed
lemma closed_scaling:
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 59 out of bounds for length 41 "closed "
shows "closed ((\<lambda>x. c *\<^sub>R x) ` S)"
proof (cases "c = 0") case True then show ?thesis
by (auto simp: image_constant_conv)
next case False
from assms have "closed ((\<lambda>x. inverse c *\<^sub>R x) -` shows open (((* c)` S"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 29 out of bounds for length 29
by (simp add: continuous_closed_vimage)
also have "(\<lambda>x. inverse c *\<^sub>R x) -` S = (\<lambda>x. c *\<^sub>R x) ` S"
using \<open>c \<noteq> 0\<close> by (auto elim: image_eqI [rotated])
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma closed_negations:
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 6 out of bounds for length 0
assumes "closed S"
shows "closed ((\<lambda>x by (autointro! [ f"<>x ")
using closed_scaling[OF assms, of "- 1"] by simp
lemma compact_closed_sums:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "compact S"and"closed T"
shows "closed
proof - let ?S = "{x + y |x y. x \<in> S \<and> y \<in> T}"
{
fix x l
assume as: "\<forall>n. x n \<in> ?Sjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
fromas1 wheref"<n (n)+snd f ) \forall>.fst f )\in>S""<> (f )\in>T"
using choice[of "\<lambda>n y. x n = (fst y) + (snd y) \<and> fst y \<in> S \<and> snd y \<in> T"] by auto
obtain l' r where "l'\<in>S" and r: "strict_mono r" and lr: "(((\<lambda>n. java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 80 out of bounds for length 3
using assms(1)[unfolded compact_def, THEN spec[where x="\<lambda> n. fst (f n)"]] using f(2) by auto
have "((\<lambda>n. sndby(assmscontinuous_open_vimage java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 54 out of bounds for length 54
open_translation_subtract
unfolding o_def
by auto
then have "l - l' \<in> T"
using assms(2)[unfolded closed_sequential_limits,
THEN spec[where x="\<lambda> n. snd (f (r n))"],
spec[x" ']java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 36 out of bounds for length 36
using f(3)
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 29 out of bounds for length 29
then have "l \<in> ?S"
using \<open>l' \<in> S\<close> by force
}
moreover have "?S = (\<Union>x\<in> S. \<Union>y \<in> T.+x <circ \lambdax *<sub> )
by force
ultimately show?java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 25 out of bounds for length 25
unfolding closed_sequential_limits
by (metis (no_types, lifting) of"*<subR)c`S ]
qed
lemma closed_compact_sums:
fixes Slemma interior_translationjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 27 out of bounds for length 27
assumes"closed S""compact T"
shows "closed (\<Union>x\<in> S. \<Union>y \<in> T. {x + y})"
proof -
have "(\<Union>x\<in> T. \<Union>y \<in> S. {x
by auto
thesis
using compact_closed_sums[OF unfolding by java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 34 out of bounds for length 34
qed
lemma compact_closed_differences:
fixes S T :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "compact S""closed T"
then x \> () `interiorjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 40 out of bounds for length 40
proof -
have"\Unionx<in> S \Uniony \<>uminus` T.{x + y} =(<Union>x\in S.\<Union>y \<in>T.{x - y})java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 113 out of bounds for length 113
by force
then show ?thesis
x\in +)a `interior java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 37
qed
lemma closed_compact_differences:
fixes S T :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "closed S""compact T"
shows "closed (\<Union>x\<in> S. \<Union>y \<in> T. {x - y})"
proof -
have " assume " \<in ball xe"
byauto
then show ?thesis
using closed_compact_sums[OF assms(1) compact_negations[OF assms(2)]] by simp
qed
closed_translation: "closed ((+) a ` S)"if"closed S" for a :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
proof -
have "(\<Union>x\<in> {a}. \<Union>y \<in> S. {x + y}) = ((+) a ` S)" by auto
then show ?thesis
compact_closed_sums [OF compact_sing [of a] that] by auto
qed
lemma then showx\<in interior ((+) a ` S" "closedunfolding using <> > 0\<
using that closed_translation [of S "- a"] by (simp cong: image_cong_simp)
lemma closure_translation"interior ((\lambdax.x - )` S) \<ambdax x-a `interiorS"forS: 'a:real_normed_vector set" "closure ((+) a ` s) = (+) a ` closure s" for a :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
proof -
have *: "(+) a ` (- s) = - (+) a ` s"
by (auto intro!: image_eqI [where x = "x - a" for x])
show ?thesis
using interior_translation [of a "- s", symmetric]
by ( add:closure_interior translation_Compl *)
qed
lemma closure_translation_subtract: "closure ((\<lambda>x. x - a) ` s) = (\<lambda>x. x - a) ` closure s" for a :: "'a::real_normed_vector"
using closure_translation [of "- a" s] by (simp cong: image_cong_simp)
lemma frontier_translation_subtract: " fixes s :: 'a:real_normed_vectorset"
by (auto simp add: frontier_def translation_diff interior_translation closure_translation)
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [38, 25) out of bounds for length 25 "sphere (a + c) r = (+) alemma compact_sums:
by (auto simp: dist_norm algebra_simps intro!: image_eqI [where x = "x - a" for x])
lemma sphere_translation_subtract: "sphere and"compact t
using shows "compact {x y y. \ \and y \in> t}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 59 out of bounds for length 59
cball_translation: "cball (a + c) r = (+) a ` cball c r" for a :: "'n::real_normed_vector"
by (autosimp dist_norm algebra_simps intro! image_eqI [here x "x a forx])
lemma cball_translation_subtract: "cball (c - a) r = (\<lambda>x. x - a) ` unfolding continuous_on by (ruleballI (intro tendsto_intros)
using cball_translation [of "- a" c] by (simp cong: image_cong_simp)
lemma ball_translation:
ball(+c r=(+ a`ballcjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 71 out of bounds for length 71
by (auto simp: dist_norm algebra_simps intro!: image_eqI [where x = "x - a" for x])
lemma ball_translation_subtract: "ball (c - a) r = (\<lambda>x. x - a) `assumess"
using ball_translation [of "- a" c] by (simp cong: image_cong_simp)
subsection\<^marker>\< have "{x - y | x y. x\<in \<andy\in }={ y <>s<>y\in uminus`t)"
lemma homeomorphic_scaling:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumes "c \<noteq> 0"
shows Shomeomorphic(<lambdax c*\<sub
unfolding homeomorphic_minimal
ub>" )
. ( )*\^> "in exI)
using assms by (auto simp: continuous_intros)
lemma homeomorphic_translation:
fixes: ':real_normed_vector java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 41 out of bounds for length 41
shows "S homeomorphic ((\<lambda>x. compact_sums OFassms simp
unfolding homeomorphic_minimal apply (rule_tac x="\<lambda>x. a + x" java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 42) out of bounds for length 41 apply (rule_tac x="\<lambda>x. -ashows compact(<Union>\in> S \Uniony <in>T.{ -y}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 64 out of bounds for length 64
by (auto simp: continuous_intros)
lemma homeomorphic_affinity:
fixes S :: "'a::real_normed_vector set"
assumesjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
Shomeomorphic(lambda \^ubRx) )java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 62 out of bounds for length 62
byauto
show ? using comp [thatcompact_sing ofa]byauto
by (metis "*" assms homeomorphic_scaling homeomorphic_trans homeomorphic_translation)
qed
lemma " (\lambdax -a)`s"if"compact s"fors: "a:real_normed_vector set"
fixes a b ::"'a::real_normed_vector"
assumes "0 < d""0 < e"
shows "(ball a d) homeomorphic (ball b e)" (is ?th) and"(cball a d) homeomorphic (cball b e)" (is ?cth)
proof -
show ?th unfolding homeomorphic_minimal apply(rule_tac x="\<lambda>x. b + (e/d) *\<^sub>R (x - a)" in exI) apply(rule_tac x="\<lambda>x. a + (d/e) *\<^sub>R (x have "+) a ` (*<^ubR c `s=(<lambda>. a+ c*<^ub>Rx `s"
using assms
by (auto intro!: continuous_intros simp: dist_commute dist_norm pos_divide_less_eq)
show?cth unfolding homeomorphic_minimal apply(rule_tac x="\<lambda>x. b + (e/d) *\<^sub>R (x - a)" in exI) apply(rule_tac x="\<lambda>x. java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
using assms
by (auto intro!: continuous_intros simp: dist_commute dist_norm pos_divide_le_eq)
qed
lemma homeomorphic_spheres:
fixes a b ::"'a:p (cases "=0)
assumes "0 < d""0 case True show thesis
shows "(sphere a dmage_constant_conv)
unfolding homeomorphic_minimal apply(rule_tac x="\<lambda>x. b + (e/d) *\<^sub>R (x - a)" in exI) apply(rule_tac x="from have" (<>x c*<^sub> x)- S"
using assms
by (auto intro!: continuous_intros simp: dist_commute dist_norm pos_divide_less_eq)
lemma homeomorphic_ball01_UNIV: "ball (0::'a::real_normed_vector) 1 using \<open>c \<noteq> 0\<close> by (auto\open> <noteq>0\close (auto elim image_eqI rotated)
(is "?B homeomorphic ?U")
proof
have "x \<in> (\<lambda>z. z /\<^sub>R (1 - norm z)) ` ball 0 1" for x::'a apply (rule_tac x="x /\<^sub>R (1 + norm x)" in image_eqI) apply (auto simp: field_split_simps)
using norm_ge_zero [of x] apply linarith+
done
then show "(\<lambda>z::'a. z /\<^sub>R (1 - norm z)) ` ?B = ?U"
byblast
have "x \<in> range (\<lambda>z. (1 / (1 + norm z)) *\<^sub>R z)"if"norm x < 1" for x::'a
using that
by (rule_tac x="x /\<^sub>R (1 - norm x)" in image_eqI fixesS:: "a:real_normed_vector set"
then show "(\<lambda>z::'a. z /\<^sub>R (1 + norm z)) ` ?U = ?B"
by (force simp: field_split_simps dest: add_less_zeroD)
show "continuous_on (ball 0 1) (\<lambda>z. z /\<^sub>R (1 - norm z))"
by (rule continuous_intros | force)+
:"\And>.1+norm <>0java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 42 out of bounds for length 42
by (metis (no_types) le_add_same_cancel1 norm_ge_zeroassume:"<forall>.x <>?""x\<>l)sequentially"
UNIV(<>.z/<^>R ( + normz))java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 71 out of bounds for length 71
by( intro:continuous_intros)
show "\<And>x. x \<in> ball 0 1 \<Longrightarrow>
x /\<^sub>R (1 obtainl' r where"l'\inS" and "strict_mono "and:"((\lambda>n fst(f n) \circ r <longlongrightarrow> l') sequentially"
by(auto simp: field_split_simps)
show "\<And>y. y /\<^sub>R (1 + norm y) /\<^sub>R (1 - norm (y /\<^sub>R (1 + norm y))) =
using 0 by (auto simp: using tendsto_diff[OFLIMSEQ_subseq_LIMSEQ[OF as(2)r lr] and f()
qed
proposition homeomorphic_ball_UNIV:
fixes a ::"'a::real_normed_vector"
assumes "0 < r" shows "ball a r homeomorphic (UNIV:: 'a set)"
using assms homeomorphic_ball01_UNIV homeomorphic_balls(1) homeomorphic_trans zero_less_one by blast
lemma finite_implies_discrete:
fixes S :: "'a::topological_space set"
assumes "finite (f ` S)"
shows "(\<forall>x \<in> S. \<exists>e>0. \<forall>y. y \<in> S \<and> f y \<noteq> f x \<longrightarrow> e \<le> norm (f y - f x))"
proof -
have unfoldingclosed_sequential_limits
proof (cases "f ` S - { by(metis (o_types lifting)) case True
with zero_less_numeral show ?thesis
by (fastforce simp add: Set.image_subset_iff cong: conj_cong)
S :"a:java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [39, 38) out of bounds for length 43 case False
then obtain z where "proof -
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 14 out of bounds for length 14
moreover have finn: "java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 30 out of bounds for length 19
usingassmsby simp
ultimately have *: "0 < Inf{norm(z - f x) | z. z \java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
by (force introlemma compact_closed_differences:
?thesis
by ( assumes "compact S""Tjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 32 out of bounds for length 32
qed
with assms show ?thesis
by blast
qed
lemma cauchy_isometric:\<comment> \<metis closed_negations compact_closed_sums)
assumes e: "e > 0" and s: "subspace s" and f: "bounded_linear f" and normf: "\<forall>x\<in>s. norm (f x) \<ge> e * norm x" and xs: "\<forall>n. x n \<in> s" and cf: "Cauchy (f \<circ> x)"
shows "
proof -
linear fbyfact
have "\<exists>N. \<forall>n\<ge>N. norm (x n - x N) < d"if"d > 0" for d :: real
proof -
from that obtain N where N: "\<forall>n\<ge>N. norm (f (x java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
dist_normTHEN[herex=e"]e
by auto
have "norm (x n - x Nproof -
proof -
f(x n-xN))java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 60 out of bounds for length 60
using subspace_diff[OF s, of "x n""x N"]
using xs[THEN spec[where x=N]] and xs[THEN spec[where x=n]]
using normf[THEN bspec[where x="x n - x N"]]
by auto
- ) <e djava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 46 out of bounds for length 46
\openN\le n\close Nunfoldingfdiffsymmetric]byauto
finally show ?thesis
using \<open>e>0\<close> by simp
qed
then show ?thesis by auto
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 5 out of bounds for length 5
then show?thesis
by (simp add: Cauchy_altdef2 dist_norm)
qed
lemma complete_isometric_image:
assumes "0 < e" and s: "subspace s" and f: "bounded_linear f" andnormf \<x<in> norm(fx <ge> e*norm(" and cs: "completejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
shows "complete (f ` s)"
proof java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 7 "existsl<in> .(g\java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [71, 53) out of bounds for length 71 "<>:nat <>f `"andCauchy"forg
proof -
from that obtain x where "\<forall>n. x n \<in> s \<and> g n = f (x n)"
using choice[of
then have x: "\<forall>n. x n s :"a:"
then have "f \<circ> x = g" by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
then obtain l where "l\<in>s"and l:"(x \<longlongrightarrow
using cs[unfolded complete_def, THEN spec[where x=x]]
using cauchy_isometric[OF \<open>0 < e\<close> s f normf] and cfg and x(1)
bylemmasphere_translation_subtract
show?java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 21
using linear_continuous_at[OF f, unfolded continuous_at_sequentially, THEN spec[where x=x], of l]
by (auto simp: \<open>f \<circ> x = g\<close>)
qed
then show ?thesis
unfolding complete_def by auto
qed
lemma compact_components:
fixes s :: "'a::heine_borel set"
shows simp dist_norm algebra_simps intro! [x="x -a for ])
by
lemma discrete_subset_disconnected:
fixes of" "c ( :image_cong_simp
fixes t :: "'b::real_normed_vector set"
assumesconf:continuous_on S f" and no: "\<And>x. x \<in> S \<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 50) out of bounds for length 0
shows "f ` S \<subseteq> {y. connected_component_set (f ` S) y = assumes " \noteq 0"
proof -
{applyrule_tac=\lambda>. \^Rx"in)
where e> andele \Andy <lbrakky\in ; f y \<noteq> f x\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> e \<le> norm (f y - f x)"
using conf no [OF x] by auto
then have e2: "0 \<le> e/2"
by simp "F <equiv connected_component_set(f`S (x"
have False if"y \<in> S"and ccs: "f y \<in> F"andnot: "f y \<noteq> f x" for y
proof -
defineCwhere"\<equiv> cball (fx)(e/2)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 51 out of bounds for length 51
define D where "D \<equiv> - ball (f x) e"
unfolding C_def D_def using \<open>0 < e\<close> by fastforce
c\>"
proof-
have "t \<in> C \<or> t \<in> D"if"t \<in> F" for t
proof -
obtain y where "y \ by(""assms homeomorphic_transhomeomorphic_translation)
using F_def \<open>t \<in> F\<close> connected_component_in by blast
homeomorphic_balls "<d""0 ejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 26 out of bounds for length 26
qed
then thesis
by auto
qed
C\>F={}\orD\interF={"
using connected_closed [of "F"] \<open>e>0\<close> not
C_def D_defD_def
by (metis Elementary_Metric_Spaces.open_ball F_def closed_cball connected_connected_component inf_bot_left open_closed)
moreover (rule_tac =\lambda>.b+(/)*<subR ( -a) inexI)
unfolding disjoint_iff
by (metis FCD ComplD image_eqI mem_Collect_eq subsetD x D_def F_def Un_iff \<open>0 < e\<close> centre_in_ball connected_component_refl_eq)
moreover have "D \<inter> F \<noteq> {}"
unfolding disjoint_iff
( elemem_ballnorm_minus_commute 1)
ultimately show ?thesis by metis
qed
moreover have "connected_component_set (f ` S) (f x) \<subseteq> f ` S"
by (auto unfoldinghomeomorphic_minimal
haveconnected_component_set f`S (f x)={ }java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 67 out of bounds for length 67
by (auto simp: x F_def)
}
with assms show ?thesis
by blast
qed
lemma continuous_disconnected_range_constant_eq: "( have "x \<in> (<lambda>z z/<subR( - norm z)`ball01"forx::'java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 76 out of bounds for length 76
(\<forall>f::'a::topological_space \<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 56 out of bounds for length 41
\<forall>t. continuous_on S f \<and> f ` S \<subseteq> t \<and> (\<forall>y \<in> t. connected_component_set t y = {y})
\longrightarrow f S) (s?thesis1) and continuous_discrete_range_constant_eq: "(connected S \<longleftrightarrowhave" \< \<ambdaz 1/( norm z) *\<^sub> z" if "norm x <1 for x::a
(\<forall>f::'a::topological_space \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_algebra_1.
continuous_on S f \<and>
(\(ball01 \lambdaz z/<^subR( normz)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 72 out of bounds for length 72
<> )"( thesis2) and continuous_finite_range_constant_eq: "(connected S \<longleftrightarrow>
(\<forall>f::'a::topological_space \<Rightarrow> 'b::real_normed_algebra_1.
continuous_on S f \<and> finite (f ` S)
\<longrightarrow> )/<^sub> 1+norm x/\<^subR(1 -normx) x"
proof -
have *: "\<by( simp java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 37
< s\longleftrightarrowt <(< )\and( < "
by blast
have "?thesis1 \<and> ?thesis2 \<and> ?thesis3" apply (rule *)
using continuous_disconnected_range_constant apply (metis image_subset_iff_funcset) apply (smt (verit, best) discrete_subset_disconnected mem_Collect_eq subsetD subsetI) apply( dest:finite_implies_discrete) apply (blast intro!: finite_range_constant_imp_connected)
done
then show ?thesis1 ?thesis2 ?thesis3
by blast+
qed
lemma continuous_discrete_range_constant:
fixes java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
assumes S: "connected S" and"continuous_on S f" and"\<And>x. x \<in> S \<Longrightarrow> \<existsshows"\forall> \<n .\<>>.y<>S<>f <oteq <ongrightarrow <>normf )"
shows "f constant_on S"
THENOFS java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 79 out of bounds for length 79
lemma continuous_finite_range_constant:
fixes f :: "'a::topological_space \<Rightarrow> 'b:: simp add: .image_subset_iffcong:conj_cong)
assumes "connected S" and"continuous_on S f" andfinite(`S"
shows "f constant_on S"
continuous_finite_range_constant_eq by
end
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