(* Title: HOL/Library/Lub_Glb.thy Author: Jacques D. Fleuriot, University of Cambridge Author: Amine Chaieb, University of Cambridge *)
section‹Definitions of Least Upper Bounds and Greatest Lower Bounds›
theory Lub_Glb imports Complex_Main begin
text‹Thanks to suggestions by James Margetson›
definition setle :: "'a set ==> 'a::ord ==> bool" (infixl‹*🚫› 70) where"S *<= x = (∀y∈S. y ≤ x)"
definition setge :: "'a::ord ==> 'a set ==> bool" (infixl‹🚫› 70) where"x <=* S = (∀y∈S. x ≤ y)"
subsection‹Rules for the Relations ‹*🚫›and ‹🚫›\›
lemma setleI: "∀y∈S. y ≤ x ==> S *<= x" by (simp add: setle_def)
lemma setleD: "S *<= x ==> y∈S ==> y ≤ x" by (simp add: setle_def)
lemma setgeI: "∀y∈S. x ≤ y ==> x <=* S" by (simp add: setge_def)
lemma setgeD: "x <=* S ==> y∈S ==> x ≤ y" by (simp add: setge_def)
definition leastP :: "('a ==> bool) ==> 'a::ord ==> bool" where"leastP P x = (P x ∧ x <=* Collect P)"
definition isUb :: "'a set ==> 'a set ==> 'a::ord ==> bool" where"isUb R S x = (S *<= x ∧ x ∈ R)"
definition isLub :: "'a set ==> 'a set ==> 'a::ord ==> bool" where"isLub R S x = leastP (isUb R S) x"
definition ubs :: "'a set ==> 'a::ord set ==> 'a set" where"ubs R S = Collect (isUb R S)"
subsection‹Rules about the Operators 🍋‹leastP›,🍋‹ub› and 🍋‹lub›\›
lemma leastPD1: "leastP P x ==> P x" by (simp add: leastP_def)
lemma leastPD2: "leastP P x ==> x <=* Collect P" by (simp add: leastP_def)
lemma leastPD3: "leastP P x ==> y ∈ Collect P ==> x ≤ y" by (blast dest!: leastPD2 setgeD)
lemma isLubD1: "isLub R S x ==> S *<= x" by (simp add: isLub_def isUb_def leastP_def)
lemma isLubD1a: "isLub R S x ==> x ∈ R" by (simp add: isLub_def isUb_def leastP_def)
lemma isLub_isUb: "isLub R S x ==> isUb R S x" unfolding isUb_def by (blast dest: isLubD1 isLubD1a)
lemma isLubD2: "isLub R S x ==> y ∈ S ==> y ≤ x" by (blast dest!: isLubD1 setleD)
lemma isLubD3: "isLub R S x ==> leastP (isUb R S) x" by (simp add: isLub_def)
lemma isLubI1: "leastP(isUb R S) x ==> isLub R S x" by (simp add: isLub_def)
lemma isLubI2: "isUb R S x ==> x <=* Collect (isUb R S) ==> isLub R S x" by (simp add: isLub_def leastP_def)
lemma isUbD: "isUb R S x ==> y ∈ S ==> y ≤ x" by (simp add: isUb_def setle_def)
lemma isUbD2: "isUb R S x ==> S *<= x" by (simp add: isUb_def)
lemma isUbD2a: "isUb R S x ==> x ∈ R" by (simp add: isUb_def)
lemma isUbI: "S *<= x ==> x ∈ R ==> isUb R S x" by (simp add: isUb_def)
lemma isLub_le_isUb: "isLub R S x ==> isUb R S y ==> x ≤ y" unfolding isLub_def by (blast intro!: leastPD3)
lemma isLub_ubs: "isLub R S x ==> x <=* ubs R S" unfolding ubs_def isLub_def by (rule leastPD2)
lemma isLub_unique: "[| isLub R S x; isLub R S y |] ==> x = (y::'a::linorder)" apply (frule isLub_isUb) apply (frule_tac x = y in isLub_isUb) apply (blast intro!: order_antisym dest!: isLub_le_isUb) done
lemma isUb_UNIV_I: "(∧y. y ∈ S ==> y ≤ u) ==> isUb UNIV S u" by (simp add: isUbI setleI)
definition greatestP :: "('a ==> bool) ==> 'a::ord ==> bool" where"greatestP P x = (P x ∧ Collect P *<= x)"
definition isLb :: "'a set ==> 'a set ==> 'a::ord ==> bool" where"isLb R S x = (x <=* S ∧ x ∈ R)"
definition isGlb :: "'a set ==> 'a set ==> 'a::ord ==> bool" where"isGlb R S x = greatestP (isLb R S) x"
definition lbs :: "'a set ==> 'a::ord set ==> 'a set" where"lbs R S = Collect (isLb R S)"
subsection‹Rules about the Operators 🍋‹greatestP›,🍋‹isLb› and 🍋‹isGlb›\›
lemma greatestPD1: "greatestP P x ==> P x" by (simp add: greatestP_def)
lemma greatestPD2: "greatestP P x ==> Collect P *<= x" by (simp add: greatestP_def)
lemma greatestPD3: "greatestP P x ==> y ∈ Collect P ==> x ≥ y" by (blast dest!: greatestPD2 setleD)
lemma isGlbD1: "isGlb R S x ==> x <=* S" by (simp add: isGlb_def isLb_def greatestP_def)
lemma isGlbD1a: "isGlb R S x ==> x ∈ R" by (simp add: isGlb_def isLb_def greatestP_def)
lemma isGlb_isLb: "isGlb R S x ==> isLb R S x" unfolding isLb_def by (blast dest: isGlbD1 isGlbD1a)
lemma isGlbD2: "isGlb R S x ==> y ∈ S ==> y ≥ x" by (blast dest!: isGlbD1 setgeD)
lemma isGlbD3: "isGlb R S x ==> greatestP (isLb R S) x" by (simp add: isGlb_def)
lemma isGlbI1: "greatestP (isLb R S) x ==> isGlb R S x" by (simp add: isGlb_def)
lemma isGlbI2: "isLb R S x ==> Collect (isLb R S) *<= x ==> isGlb R S x" by (simp add: isGlb_def greatestP_def)
lemma isLbD: "isLb R S x ==> y ∈ S ==> y ≥ x" by (simp add: isLb_def setge_def)
lemma isLbD2: "isLb R S x ==> x <=* S " by (simp add: isLb_def)
lemma isLbD2a: "isLb R S x ==> x ∈ R" by (simp add: isLb_def)
lemma isLbI: "x <=* S ==> x ∈ R ==> isLb R S x" by (simp add: isLb_def)
lemma isGlb_le_isLb: "isGlb R S x ==> isLb R S y ==> x ≥ y" unfolding isGlb_def by (blast intro!: greatestPD3)
lemma isGlb_ubs: "isGlb R S x ==> lbs R S *<= x" unfolding lbs_def isGlb_def by (rule greatestPD2)
lemma isGlb_unique: "[| isGlb R S x; isGlb R S y |] ==> x = (y::'a::linorder)" apply (frule isGlb_isLb) apply (frule_tac x = y in isGlb_isLb) apply (blast intro!: order_antisym dest!: isGlb_le_isLb) done
lemma bdd_above_setle: "bdd_above A ⟷ (∃a. A *<= a)" by (auto simp: bdd_above_def setle_def)
lemma bdd_below_setge: "bdd_below A ⟷ (∃a. a <=* A)" by (auto simp: bdd_below_def setge_def)
lemma isLub_cSup: "(S::'a :: conditionally_complete_lattice set) ≠ {} ==> (∃b. S *<= b) ==> isLub UNIV S (Sup S)" by (auto simp add: isLub_def setle_def leastP_def isUb_def
intro!: setgeI cSup_upper cSup_least)
lemma cSup_le: "(S::'a::conditionally_complete_lattice set) ≠ {} ==> S *<= b ==> Sup S ≤ b" by (metis cSup_least setle_def)
lemma cInf_ge: "(S::'a :: conditionally_complete_lattice set) ≠ {} ==> b <=* S ==> Inf S≥ b" by (metis cInf_greatest setge_def)
lemma cSup_bounds: fixes S :: "'a :: conditionally_complete_lattice set" shows"S ≠ {} ==> a <=* S ==> S *<= b ==> a ≤ Sup S ∧ Sup S ≤ b" using cSup_least[of S b] cSup_upper2[of _ S a] by (auto simp: bdd_above_setle setge_def setle_def)
lemma cSup_unique: "(S::'a :: {conditionally_complete_linorder, no_bot} set) *<= b ==>(∀b'∃x∈S. b' < x) ==> Sup S = b" by (rule cSup_eq) (auto simp: not_le[symmetric] setle_def)
lemma cInf_unique: "b <=* (S::'a :: {conditionally_complete_linorder, no_top} set) ==> (∀b'>b. ∃x∈S. b' > x) ==> Inf S = b" by (rule cInf_eq) (auto simp: not_le[symmetric] setge_def)
text‹Use completeness of reals (supremum property) to show that any bounded sequence has a least upper bound›
lemma reals_complete: "∃X. X ∈ S ==>∃Y. isUb (UNIV::real set) S Y ==>∃t. isLub (UNIV :: real set) S t" by (intro exI[of _ "Sup S"] isLub_cSup) (auto simp: setle_def isUb_def intro!: cSup_upper)
lemma Bseq_isUb: "∧X :: nat ==> real. Bseq X ==>∃U. isUb (UNIV::real set) {x. ∃n. X n = x} U" by (auto intro: isUbI setleI simp add: Bseq_def abs_le_iff)
lemma Bseq_isLub: "∧X :: nat ==> real. Bseq X ==>∃U. isLub (UNIV::real set) {x. ∃n. X n = x} U" by (blast intro: reals_complete Bseq_isUb)
lemma isLub_mono_imp_LIMSEQ: fixes X :: "nat ==> real" assumes u: "isLub UNIV {x. ∃n. X n = x} u"(* FIXME: use \<open>range X\<close> *) assumes X: "∀m n. m ≤ n ⟶ X m ≤ X n" shows"X <---- u" proof - have"X <---- (SUP i. X i)" using u[THEN isLubD1] X by (intro LIMSEQ_incseq_SUP) (auto simp: incseq_def image_def eq_commute bdd_above_setle) alsohave"(SUP i. X i) = u" using isLub_cSup[of "range X"] u[THEN isLubD1] by (intro isLub_unique[OF _ u]) (auto simp add: image_def eq_commute) finallyshow ?thesis . qed
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