(* Title: ZF/Constructible/Rank.thy
Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
*)
section ‹ Absoluteness
for Order
Types , Rank Functions
and Well-Founded
Relations
›
theory Rank
imports WF_absolute
begin
subsection ‹ Order
Types : A Direct Construction
by Replacement
›
locale M_ordertype = M_basic +
assumes well_ord_iso_separation:
"\M(A); M(f); M(r)\
==> separation (M, λx. x
∈ A
⟶ (
∃ y[M]. (
∃ p[M].
fun_apply(M,f,x,y)
∧ pair(M,y,x,p)
∧ p
∈ r)))
"
and obase_separation:
🍋 ‹ part of the order type formalization
›
"\M(A); M(r)\
==> separation(M, λa.
∃ x[M].
∃ g[M].
∃ mx[M].
∃ par[M].
ordinal(M,x)
∧ membership(M,x,mx)
∧ pred_set(M,A,a,r,par)
∧
order_isomorphism(M,par,r,x,mx,g))
"
and obase_equals_separation:
"\M(A); M(r)\
==> separation (M, λx. x
∈ A
⟶ ¬ (
∃ y[M].
∃ g[M].
ordinal(M,y)
∧ (
∃ my[M].
∃ pxr[M].
membership(M,y,my)
∧ pred_set(M,A,x,r,pxr)
∧
order_isomorphism(M,pxr,r,y,my,g))))
"
and omap_replacement:
"\M(A); M(r)\
==> strong_replacement(M,
λa z.
∃ x[M].
∃ g[M].
∃ mx[M].
∃ par[M].
ordinal(M,x)
∧ pair(M,a,x,z)
∧ membership(M,x,mx)
∧
pred_set(M,A,a,r,par)
∧ order_isomorphism(M,par,r,x,mx,g))
"
text ‹ Inductive argument
for Kunen
's Lemma I 6.1, etc.
Simple
proof from Halmos, page 72
›
lemma (
in M_ordertype) wellordered_iso_subset_lemma:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); f \ ord_iso(A,r, A',r); A'<= A; y \ A;
M(A); M(f); M(r)
] ==> ¬ <f`y, y>
∈ r
"
unfolding wellordered_def ord_iso_def
apply (elim conjE CollectE)
apply (erule wellfounded_on_induct, assumption+)
apply (insert well_ord_iso_separation [of A f r])
apply (simp, clarify)
apply (drule_tac a = x
in bij_is_fun [
THEN apply_type], assumption, blast)
done
text ‹ Kunen
's Lemma I 6.1, page 14:
there
's no order-isomorphism to an initial segment of a well-ordering\
lemma (
in M_ordertype) wellordered_iso_predD:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); f \ ord_iso(A, r, Order.pred(A,x,r), r);
M(A); M(f); M(r)
] ==> x
∉ A
"
apply (rule notI)
apply (frule wellordered_iso_subset_lemma, assumption)
apply (auto elim: predE)
(*Now we know \<not> (f`x < x) *)
apply (drule ord_iso_is_bij [
THEN bij_is_fun,
THEN apply_type], assumption)
(*Now we also know f`x \<in> pred(A,x,r); contradiction! *)
apply (simp add: Order.pred_def)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) wellordered_iso_pred_eq_lemma:
"\f \ \Order.pred(A,y,r), r\ \ \Order.pred(A,x,r), r\;
wellordered(M,A,r); x
∈ A; y
∈ A; M(A); M(f); M(r)
] ==> ⟨ x,y
⟩ ∉ r
"
apply (frule wellordered_is_trans_on, assumption)
apply (rule notI)
apply (drule_tac x2=y
and x=x
and r2=r
in
wellordered_subset [OF _ pred_subset,
THEN wellordered_iso_predD])
apply (simp add: trans_pred_pred_eq)
apply (blast intro: predI dest: transM)+
done
text ‹ Simple consequence of
Lemma 6.1
›
lemma (
in M_ordertype) wellordered_iso_pred_eq:
"\wellordered(M,A,r);
f
∈ ord_iso(Order.pred(A,a,r), r, Order.pred(A,c,r), r);
M(A); M(f); M(r); a
∈ A; c
∈ A
] ==> a=c
"
apply (frule wellordered_is_trans_on, assumption)
apply (frule wellordered_is_linear, assumption)
apply (erule_tac x=a
and y=c
in linearE, auto)
apply (drule ord_iso_sym)
(*two symmetric cases*)
apply (blast dest: wellordered_iso_pred_eq_lemma)+
done
text ‹ Following Kunen
's Theorem I 7.6, page 17. Note that this material is
not required elsewhere.
›
text ‹ Can
't use \well_ord_iso_preserving\ because it needs the
strong premise
🍋 ‹ well_ord(A,r)
› ›
lemma (
in M_ordertype) ord_iso_pred_imp_lt:
"\f \ ord_iso(Order.pred(A,x,r), r, i, Memrel(i));
g
∈ ord_iso(Order.pred(A,y,r), r, j, Memrel(j));
wellordered(M,A,r); x
∈ A; y
∈ A; M(A); M(r); M(f); M(g); M(j);
Ord(i); Ord(j);
⟨ x,y
⟩ ∈ r
]
==> i < j
"
apply (frule wellordered_is_trans_on, assumption)
apply (frule_tac y=y
in transM, assumption)
apply (rule_tac i=i
and j=j
in Ord_linear_lt, auto)
txt ‹ case 🍋 ‹ i=j
› yields a contradiction
›
apply (rule_tac x1=x
and A1=
"Order.pred(A,y,r)" in
wellordered_iso_predD [
THEN notE ])
apply (blast intro: wellordered_subset [OF _ pred_subset])
apply (simp add: trans_pred_pred_eq)
apply (blast intro: Ord_iso_implies_eq ord_iso_sym ord_iso_trans)
apply (simp_all add: pred_iff)
txt ‹ case 🍋 ‹ j<i
› also yields a contradiction
›
apply (frule restrict_ord_iso2, assumption+)
apply (frule ord_iso_sym [
THEN ord_iso_is_bij,
THEN bij_is_fun])
apply (frule apply_type, blast intro: ltD)
🍋 ‹ thus 🍋 ‹ converse(f)`j
∈ Order.pred(A,x,r)
› ›
apply (simp add: pred_iff)
apply (subgoal_tac
"\h[M]. h \ ord_iso(Order.pred(A,y,r), r,
Order.pred(A, converse(f)`j, r), r)
")
apply (clarify, frule wellordered_iso_pred_eq, assumption+)
apply (blast dest: wellordered_asym)
apply (intro rexI)
apply (blast intro: Ord_iso_implies_eq ord_iso_sym ord_iso_trans)+
done
lemma ord_iso_converse1:
"\f: ord_iso(A,r,B,s); : s; a:A; b:B\
==> <converse(f) ` b, a>
∈ r
"
apply (frule ord_iso_converse, assumption+)
apply (blast intro: ord_iso_is_bij [
THEN bij_is_fun,
THEN apply_funtype])
apply (simp add: left_inverse_bij [OF ord_iso_is_bij])
done
definition
obase ::
"[i\o,i,i] \ i" where
🍋 ‹ the
domain of
‹ om
› , eventually shown
to equal
‹ A
› ›
"obase(M,A,r) \ {a\A. \x[M]. \g[M]. Ord(x) \
g
∈ ord_iso(Order.pred(A,a,r),r,x,Memrel(x))}
"
definition
omap ::
"[i\o,i,i,i] \ o" where
🍋 ‹ the
function that maps wosets
to order
types ›
"omap(M,A,r,f) \
∀ z[M].
z
∈ f
⟷ (
∃ a
∈ A.
∃ x[M].
∃ g[M]. z =
⟨ a,x
⟩ ∧ Ord(x)
∧
g
∈ ord_iso(Order.pred(A,a,r),r,x,Memrel(x)))
"
definition
otype ::
"[i\o,i,i,i] \ o" where 🍋 ‹ the order
types themselves
›
"otype(M,A,r,i) \ \f[M]. omap(M,A,r,f) \ is_range(M,f,i)"
text ‹ Can
also be proved
with the premise
🍋 ‹ M(z)
› instead of
🍋 ‹ M(f)
› , but that version
is less useful. This
lemma
is also more useful than the
definition ,
‹ omap_def
› .
›
lemma (
in M_ordertype) omap_iff:
"\omap(M,A,r,f); M(A); M(f)\
==> z
∈ f
⟷
(
∃ a
∈ A.
∃ x[M].
∃ g[M]. z =
⟨ a,x
⟩ ∧ Ord(x)
∧
g
∈ ord_iso(Order.pred(A,a,r),r,x,Memrel(x)))
"
apply (simp add: omap_def)
apply (rule iffI)
apply (drule_tac [2] x=z
in rspec)
apply (drule_tac x=z
in rspec)
apply (blast dest: transM)+
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) omap_unique:
"\omap(M,A,r,f); omap(M,A,r,f'); M(A); M(r); M(f); M(f')\ \ f' = f"
apply (rule equality_iffI)
apply (simp add: omap_iff)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) omap_yields_Ord:
"\omap(M,A,r,f); \a,x\ \ f; M(a); M(x)\ \ Ord(x)"
by (simp add: omap_def)
lemma (
in M_ordertype) otype_iff:
"\otype(M,A,r,i); M(A); M(r); M(i)\
==> x
∈ i
⟷
(M(x)
∧ Ord(x)
∧
(
∃ a
∈ A.
∃ g[M]. g
∈ ord_iso(Order.pred(A,a,r),r,x,Memrel(x))))
"
apply (auto simp add: omap_iff otype_def)
apply (blast intro: transM)
apply (rule rangeI)
apply (frule transM, assumption)
apply (simp add: omap_iff, blast)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) otype_eq_range:
"\omap(M,A,r,f); otype(M,A,r,i); M(A); M(r); M(f); M(i)\
==> i = range(f)
"
apply (auto simp add: otype_def omap_iff)
apply (blast dest: omap_unique)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) Ord_otype:
"\otype(M,A,r,i); trans[A](r); M(A); M(r); M(i)\ \ Ord(i)"
apply (rule OrdI)
prefer 2
apply (simp add: Ord_def otype_def omap_def)
apply clarify
apply (frule pair_components_in_M, assumption)
apply blast
apply (auto simp add: Transset_def otype_iff)
apply (blast intro: transM)
apply (blast intro: Ord_in_Ord)
apply (rename_tac y a g)
apply (frule ord_iso_sym [
THEN ord_iso_is_bij,
THEN bij_is_fun,
THEN apply_funtype], assumption)
apply (rule_tac x=
"converse(g)`y" in bexI)
apply (frule_tac a=
"converse(g) ` y" in ord_iso_restrict_pred, assumption)
apply (safe elim!: predE)
apply (blast intro: restrict_ord_iso ord_iso_sym ltI dest: transM)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) domain_omap:
"\omap(M,A,r,f); M(A); M(r); M(B); M(f)\
==> domain (f) = obase(M,A,r)
"
apply (simp add: obase_def)
apply (rule equality_iffI)
apply (simp add: domain_iff omap_iff, blast)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) omap_subset:
"\omap(M,A,r,f); otype(M,A,r,i);
M(A); M(r); M(f); M(B); M(i)
] ==> f
⊆ obase(M,A,r) * i
"
apply clarify
apply (simp add: omap_iff obase_def)
apply (force simp add: otype_iff)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) omap_funtype:
"\omap(M,A,r,f); otype(M,A,r,i);
M(A); M(r); M(f); M(i)
] ==> f
∈ obase(M,A,r) -> i
"
apply (simp add: domain_omap omap_subset Pi_iff function_def omap_iff)
apply (blast intro: Ord_iso_implies_eq ord_iso_sym ord_iso_trans)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) wellordered_omap_bij:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); omap(M,A,r,f); otype(M,A,r,i);
M(A); M(r); M(f); M(i)
] ==> f
∈ bij(obase(M,A,r),i)
"
apply (insert omap_funtype [of A r f i])
apply (auto simp add: bij_def inj_def)
prefer 2
apply (blast intro: fun_is_surj dest: otype_eq_range)
apply (frule_tac a=w
in apply_Pair, assumption)
apply (frule_tac a=x
in apply_Pair, assumption)
apply (simp add: omap_iff)
apply (blast intro: wellordered_iso_pred_eq ord_iso_sym ord_iso_trans)
done
text ‹ This
is not the final result: we must
show 🍋 ‹ oB(A,r) = A
› ›
lemma (
in M_ordertype) omap_ord_iso:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); omap(M,A,r,f); otype(M,A,r,i);
M(A); M(r); M(f); M(i)
] ==> f
∈ ord_iso(obase(M,A,r),r,i,Memrel(i))
"
apply (rule ord_isoI)
apply (erule wellordered_omap_bij, assumption+)
apply (insert omap_funtype [of A r f i], simp)
apply (frule_tac a=x
in apply_Pair, assumption)
apply (frule_tac a=y
in apply_Pair, assumption)
apply (auto simp add: omap_iff)
txt ‹ direction 1: assuming
🍋 ‹ ⟨ x,y
⟩ ∈ r
› ›
apply (blast intro: ltD ord_iso_pred_imp_lt)
txt ‹ direction 2: proving
🍋 ‹ ⟨ x,y
⟩ ∈ r
› using linearity of
🍋 ‹ r
› ›
apply (rename_tac x y g ga)
apply (frule wellordered_is_linear, assumption,
erule_tac x=x
and y=y
in linearE, assumption+)
txt ‹ the
case 🍋 ‹ x=y
› leads
to immediate contradiction
›
apply (blast elim: mem_irrefl)
txt ‹ the
case 🍋 ‹ ⟨ y,x
⟩ ∈ r
› : handle like the opposite direction
›
apply (blast dest: ord_iso_pred_imp_lt ltD elim: mem_asym)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) Ord_omap_image_pred:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); omap(M,A,r,f); otype(M,A,r,i);
M(A); M(r); M(f); M(i); b
∈ A
] ==> Ord(f `` Order.pred(A,b,r))
"
apply (frule wellordered_is_trans_on, assumption)
apply (rule OrdI)
prefer 2
apply (simp add: image_iff omap_iff Ord_def, blast)
txt ‹ Hard part
is to show that the image
is a transitive set.
›
apply (simp add: Transset_def, clarify)
apply (simp add: image_iff pred_iff apply_iff [OF omap_funtype [of A r f i]])
apply (rename_tac c j, clarify)
apply (frule omap_funtype [of A r f,
THEN apply_funtype], assumption+)
apply (subgoal_tac
"j \ i" )
prefer 2
apply (blast intro: Ord_trans Ord_otype)
apply (subgoal_tac
"converse(f) ` j \ obase(M,A,r)" )
prefer 2
apply (blast dest: wellordered_omap_bij [
THEN bij_converse_bij,
THEN bij_is_fun,
THEN apply_funtype])
apply (rule_tac x=
"converse(f) ` j" in bexI)
apply (simp add: right_inverse_bij [OF wellordered_omap_bij])
apply (intro predI conjI)
apply (erule_tac b=c
in trans_onD)
apply (rule ord_iso_converse1 [OF omap_ord_iso [of A r f i]])
apply (auto simp add: obase_def)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) restrict_omap_ord_iso:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); omap(M,A,r,f); otype(M,A,r,i);
D
⊆ obase(M,A,r); M(A); M(r); M(f); M(i)
]
==> restrict (f,D)
∈ (
⟨ D,r
⟩ ≅ ⟨ f``D, Memrel(f``D)
⟩ )
"
apply (frule ord_iso_restrict_image [OF omap_ord_iso [of A r f i]],
assumption+)
apply (drule ord_iso_sym [
THEN subset_ord_iso_Memrel])
apply (blast dest: subsetD [OF omap_subset])
apply (drule ord_iso_sym, simp)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) obase_equals:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); omap(M,A,r,f); otype(M,A,r,i);
M(A); M(r); M(f); M(i)
] ==> obase(M,A,r) = A
"
apply (rule equalityI, force simp add: obase_def, clarify)
apply (unfold obase_def, simp)
apply (frule wellordered_is_wellfounded_on, assumption)
apply (erule wellfounded_on_induct, assumption+)
apply (frule obase_equals_separation [of A r], assumption)
apply (simp, clarify)
apply (rename_tac b)
apply (subgoal_tac
"Order.pred(A,b,r) \ obase(M,A,r)" )
apply (blast intro!: restrict_omap_ord_iso Ord_omap_image_pred)
apply (force simp add: pred_iff obase_def)
done
text ‹ Main result:
🍋 ‹ om
› gives the order-isomorphism
🍋 ‹ ⟨ A,r
⟩ ≅ ⟨ i, Memrel(i)
⟩ › ›
theorem (
in M_ordertype) omap_ord_iso_otype:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); omap(M,A,r,f); otype(M,A,r,i);
M(A); M(r); M(f); M(i)
] ==> f
∈ ord_iso(A, r, i, Memrel(i))
"
apply (frule omap_ord_iso, assumption+)
apply (simp add: obase_equals)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) obase_exists:
"\M(A); M(r)\ \ M(obase(M,A,r))"
apply (simp add: obase_def)
apply (insert obase_separation [of A r])
apply (simp add: separation_def)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) omap_exists:
"\M(A); M(r)\ \ \z[M]. omap(M,A,r,z)"
apply (simp add: omap_def)
apply (insert omap_replacement [of A r])
apply (simp add: strong_replacement_def)
apply (drule_tac x=
"obase(M,A,r)" in rspec)
apply (simp add: obase_exists)
apply (simp add: obase_def)
apply (erule impE)
apply (clarsimp simp add: univalent_def)
apply (blast intro: Ord_iso_implies_eq ord_iso_sym ord_iso_trans, clarify)
apply (rule_tac x=Y
in rexI)
apply (simp add: obase_def, blast, assumption)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) otype_exists:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); M(A); M(r)\ \ \i[M]. otype(M,A,r,i)"
apply (insert omap_exists [of A r])
apply (simp add: otype_def, safe)
apply (rule_tac x=
"range(x)" in rexI)
apply blast+
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) ordertype_exists:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); M(A); M(r)\
==> ∃ f[M]. (
∃ i[M]. Ord(i)
∧ f
∈ ord_iso(A, r, i, Memrel(i)))
"
apply (insert obase_exists [of A r] omap_exists [of A r] otype_exists [of A r], simp, clarify)
apply (rename_tac i)
apply (subgoal_tac
"Ord(i)" , blast intro: omap_ord_iso_otype)
apply (rule Ord_otype)
apply (force simp add: otype_def)
apply (simp_all add: wellordered_is_trans_on)
done
lemma (
in M_ordertype) relativized_imp_well_ord:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); M(A); M(r)\ \ well_ord(A,r)"
apply (insert ordertype_exists [of A r], simp)
apply (blast intro: well_ord_ord_iso well_ord_Memrel)
done
subsection ‹ Kunen
's theorem 5.4, page 127\
text ‹ (a) The notion of Wellordering
is absolute
›
theorem (
in M_ordertype) well_ord_abs [simp]:
"\M(A); M(r)\ \ wellordered(M,A,r) \ well_ord(A,r)"
by (blast intro: well_ord_imp_relativized relativized_imp_well_ord)
text ‹ (b) Order
types are absolute
›
theorem (
in M_ordertype) ordertypes_are_absolute:
"\wellordered(M,A,r); f \ ord_iso(A, r, i, Memrel(i));
M(A); M(r); M(f); M(i); Ord(i)
] ==> i = ordertype(A,r)
"
by (blast intro: Ord_ordertype relativized_imp_well_ord ordertype_ord_iso
Ord_iso_implies_eq ord_iso_sym ord_iso_trans)
subsection ‹ Ordinal Arithmetic: Two Examples of Recursion
›
text ‹ Note : the remainder of this
theory is not needed elsewhere.
›
subsubsection
‹ Ordinal Addition
›
(*FIXME: update to use new techniques\<And>*)
(*This expresses ordinal addition in the language of ZF. It also
provides an abbreviation that can be used in the instance of strong
replacement below. Here j is used to define the relation, namely
Memrel(succ(j)), while x determines the domain of f.*)
definition
is_oadd_fun ::
"[i\o,i,i,i,i] \ o" where
"is_oadd_fun(M,i,j,x,f) \
(
∀ sj msj. M(sj)
⟶ M(msj)
⟶
successor(M,j,sj)
⟶ membership(M,sj,msj)
⟶
M_is_recfun(M,
λx g y.
∃ gx[M]. image(M,g,x,gx)
∧ union(M,i,gx,y),
msj, x, f))
"
definition
is_oadd ::
"[i\o,i,i,i] \ o" where
"is_oadd(M,i,j,k) \
(
¬ ordinal(M,i)
∧ ¬ ordinal(M,j)
∧ k=0) |
(
¬ ordinal(M,i)
∧ ordinal(M,j)
∧ k=j) |
(ordinal(M,i)
∧ ¬ ordinal(M,j)
∧ k=i) |
(ordinal(M,i)
∧ ordinal(M,j)
∧
(
∃ f fj sj. M(f)
∧ M(fj)
∧ M(sj)
∧
successor(M,j,sj)
∧ is_oadd_fun(M,i,sj,sj,f)
∧
fun_apply(M,f,j,fj)
∧ fj = k))
"
definition
(*NEEDS RELATIVIZATION*)
omult_eqns ::
"[i,i,i,i] \ o" where
"omult_eqns(i,x,g,z) \
Ord(x)
∧
(x=0
⟶ z=0)
∧
(
∀ j. x = succ(j)
⟶ z = g`j ++ i)
∧
(Limit(x)
⟶ z =
∪ (g``x))
"
definition
is_omult_fun ::
"[i\o,i,i,i] \ o" where
"is_omult_fun(M,i,j,f) \
(
∃ df. M(df)
∧ is_function(M,f)
∧
is_domain(M,f,df)
∧ subset(M, j, df))
∧
(
∀ x
∈ j. omult_eqns(i,x,f,f`x))
"
definition
is_omult ::
"[i\o,i,i,i] \ o" where
"is_omult(M,i,j,k) \
∃ f fj sj. M(f)
∧ M(fj)
∧ M(sj)
∧
successor(M,j,sj)
∧ is_omult_fun(M,i,sj,f)
∧
fun_apply(M,f,j,fj)
∧ fj = k
"
locale M_ord_arith = M_ordertype +
assumes oadd_strong_replacement:
"\M(i); M(j)\ \
strong_replacement(M,
λx z.
∃ y[M]. pair(M,x,y,z)
∧
(
∃ f[M].
∃ fx[M]. is_oadd_fun(M,i,j,x,f)
∧
image(M,f,x,fx)
∧ y = i
∪ fx))
"
and omult_strong_replacement
':
"\M(i); M(j)\ \
strong_replacement(M,
λx z.
∃ y[M]. z =
⟨ x,y
⟩ ∧
(
∃ g[M]. is_recfun(Memrel(succ(j)),x,λx g. THE z. omult_eqns(i,x,g,z),g)
∧
y = (THE z. omult_eqns(i, x, g, z))))
"
text ‹ ‹ is_oadd_fun
› : Relating the pure
"language of set theory" to Isabelle/ZF
›
lemma (
in M_ord_arith) is_oadd_fun_iff:
"\a\j; M(i); M(j); M(a); M(f)\
==> is_oadd_fun(M,i,j,a,f)
⟷
f
∈ a
→ range(f)
∧ (
∀ x. M(x)
⟶ x < a
⟶ f`x = i
∪ f``x)
"
apply (frule lt_Ord)
apply (simp add: is_oadd_fun_def
relation2_def is_recfun_abs [of
"\x g. i \ g``x" ]
is_recfun_iff_equation
Ball_def lt_trans [OF ltI, of _ a] lt_Memrel)
apply (simp add: lt_def)
apply (blast dest: transM)
done
lemma (
in M_ord_arith) oadd_strong_replacement
':
"\M(i); M(j)\ \
strong_replacement(M,
λx z.
∃ y[M]. z =
⟨ x,y
⟩ ∧
(
∃ g[M]. is_recfun(Memrel(succ(j)),x,λx g. i
∪ g``x,g)
∧
y = i
∪ g``x))
"
apply (insert oadd_strong_replacement [of i j])
apply (simp add: is_oadd_fun_def relation2_def
is_recfun_abs [of
"\x g. i \ g``x" ])
done
lemma (
in M_ord_arith) exists_oadd:
"\Ord(j); M(i); M(j)\
==> ∃ f[M]. is_recfun(Memrel(succ(j)), j, λx g. i
∪ g``x, f)
"
apply (rule wf_exists_is_recfun [OF wf_Memrel trans_Memrel])
apply (simp_all add: Memrel_type oadd_strong_replacement
')
done
lemma (
in M_ord_arith) exists_oadd_fun:
"\Ord(j); M(i); M(j)\ \ \f[M]. is_oadd_fun(M,i,succ(j),succ(j),f)"
apply (rule exists_oadd [
THEN rexE])
apply (erule Ord_succ, assumption, simp)
apply (rename_tac f)
apply (frule is_recfun_type)
apply (rule_tac x=f
in rexI)
apply (simp add: fun_is_function domain_of_fun lt_Memrel apply_recfun lt_def
is_oadd_fun_iff Ord_trans [OF _ succI1], assumption)
done
lemma (
in M_ord_arith) is_oadd_fun_apply:
"\x < j; M(i); M(j); M(f); is_oadd_fun(M,i,j,j,f)\
==> f`x = i
∪ (
∪ k
∈ x. {f ` k})
"
apply (simp add: is_oadd_fun_iff lt_Ord2, clarify)
apply (frule lt_closed, simp)
apply (frule leI [
THEN le_imp_subset])
apply (simp add: image_fun, blast)
done
lemma (
in M_ord_arith) is_oadd_fun_iff_oadd [rule_format]:
"\is_oadd_fun(M,i,J,J,f); M(i); M(J); M(f); Ord(i); Ord(j)\
==> j<J
⟶ f`j = i++j
"
apply (erule_tac i=j
in trans_induct, clarify)
apply (subgoal_tac
"\k\x. k)
apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: is_oadd_def oadd_unfold is_oadd_fun_apply)
apply (blast intro: lt_trans ltI lt_Ord)
done
lemma (in M_ord_arith) Ord_oadd_abs:
"\M(i); M(j); M(k); Ord(i); Ord(j)\ \ is_oadd(M,i,j,k) \ k = i++j"
apply (simp add: is_oadd_def is_oadd_fun_iff_oadd)
apply (frule exists_oadd_fun [of j i], blast+)
done
lemma (in M_ord_arith) oadd_abs:
"\M(i); M(j); M(k)\ \ is_oadd(M,i,j,k) \ k = i++j"
apply (case_tac "Ord(i) \ Ord(j)" )
apply (simp add: Ord_oadd_abs)
apply (auto simp add: is_oadd_def oadd_eq_if_raw_oadd)
done
lemma (in M_ord_arith) oadd_closed [intro,simp]:
"\M(i); M(j)\ \ M(i++j)"
apply (simp add: oadd_eq_if_raw_oadd, clarify)
apply (simp add: raw_oadd_eq_oadd)
apply (frule exists_oadd_fun [of j i], auto)
apply (simp add: is_oadd_fun_iff_oadd [symmetric])
done
subsubsection‹ Ordinal Multiplication›
lemma omult_eqns_unique:
"\omult_eqns(i,x,g,z); omult_eqns(i,x,g,z')\ \ z=z'"
apply (simp add: omult_eqns_def, clarify)
apply (erule Ord_cases, simp_all)
done
lemma omult_eqns_0: "omult_eqns(i,0,g,z) \ z=0"
by (simp add: omult_eqns_def)
lemma the_omult_eqns_0: "(THE z. omult_eqns(i,0,g,z)) = 0"
by (simp add: omult_eqns_0)
lemma omult_eqns_succ: "omult_eqns(i,succ(j),g,z) \ Ord(j) \ z = g`j ++ i"
by (simp add: omult_eqns_def)
lemma the_omult_eqns_succ:
"Ord(j) \ (THE z. omult_eqns(i,succ(j),g,z)) = g`j ++ i"
by (simp add: omult_eqns_succ)
lemma omult_eqns_Limit:
"Limit(x) \ omult_eqns(i,x,g,z) \ z = \(g``x)"
apply (simp add: omult_eqns_def)
apply (blast intro: Limit_is_Ord)
done
lemma the_omult_eqns_Limit:
"Limit(x) \ (THE z. omult_eqns(i,x,g,z)) = \(g``x)"
by (simp add: omult_eqns_Limit)
lemma omult_eqns_Not: "\ Ord(x) \ \ omult_eqns(i,x,g,z)"
by (simp add: omult_eqns_def)
lemma (in M_ord_arith) the_omult_eqns_closed:
"\M(i); M(x); M(g); function(g)\
==> M(THE z. omult_eqns(i, x, g, z))"
apply (case_tac "Ord(x)" )
prefer 2 apply (simp add: omult_eqns_Not) 🍋 ‹ trivial, non-Ord case ›
apply (erule Ord_cases)
apply (simp add: omult_eqns_0)
apply (simp add: omult_eqns_succ)
apply (simp add: omult_eqns_Limit)
done
lemma (in M_ord_arith) exists_omult:
"\Ord(j); M(i); M(j)\
==> ∃ f[M]. is_recfun(Memrel(succ(j)), j, λx g. THE z. omult_eqns(i,x,g,z), f)"
apply (rule wf_exists_is_recfun [OF wf_Memrel trans_Memrel])
apply (simp_all add: Memrel_type omult_strong_replacement')
apply (blast intro: the_omult_eqns_closed)
done
lemma (in M_ord_arith) exists_omult_fun:
"\Ord(j); M(i); M(j)\ \ \f[M]. is_omult_fun(M,i,succ(j),f)"
apply (rule exists_omult [THEN rexE])
apply (erule Ord_succ, assumption, simp)
apply (rename_tac f)
apply (frule is_recfun_type)
apply (rule_tac x=f in rexI)
apply (simp add: fun_is_function domain_of_fun lt_Memrel apply_recfun lt_def
is_omult_fun_def Ord_trans [OF _ succI1])
apply (force dest: Ord_in_Ord'
simp add: omult_eqns_def the_omult_eqns_0 the_omult_eqns_succ
the_omult_eqns_Limit, assumption)
done
lemma (in M_ord_arith) is_omult_fun_apply_0:
"\0 < j; is_omult_fun(M,i,j,f)\ \ f`0 = 0"
by (simp add: is_omult_fun_def omult_eqns_def lt_def ball_conj_distrib)
lemma (in M_ord_arith) is_omult_fun_apply_succ:
"\succ(x) < j; is_omult_fun(M,i,j,f)\ \ f`succ(x) = f`x ++ i"
by (simp add: is_omult_fun_def omult_eqns_def lt_def, blast)
lemma (in M_ord_arith) is_omult_fun_apply_Limit:
"\x < j; Limit(x); M(j); M(f); is_omult_fun(M,i,j,f)\
==> f ` x = (∪ y∈ x. f`y)"
apply (simp add: is_omult_fun_def omult_eqns_def lt_def, clarify)
apply (drule subset_trans [OF OrdmemD], assumption+)
apply (simp add: ball_conj_distrib omult_Limit image_function)
done
lemma (in M_ord_arith) is_omult_fun_eq_omult:
"\is_omult_fun(M,i,J,f); M(J); M(f); Ord(i); Ord(j)\
==> j<J ⟶ f`j = i**j"
apply (erule_tac i=j in trans_induct3)
apply (safe del: impCE)
apply (simp add: is_omult_fun_apply_0)
apply (subgoal_tac "x)
apply (simp add: is_omult_fun_apply_succ omult_succ)
apply (blast intro: lt_trans)
apply (subgoal_tac "\k\x. k)
apply (simp add: is_omult_fun_apply_Limit omult_Limit)
apply (blast intro: lt_trans ltI lt_Ord)
done
lemma (in M_ord_arith) omult_abs:
"\M(i); M(j); M(k); Ord(i); Ord(j)\ \ is_omult(M,i,j,k) \ k = i**j"
apply (simp add: is_omult_def is_omult_fun_eq_omult)
apply (frule exists_omult_fun [of j i], blast+)
done
subsection ‹ Absoluteness of Well-Founded Relations›
text ‹ Relativized to 🍋 ‹ M› : Every well-founded relation is a subset of some
inverse image of an ordinal. Key step is the construction (in 🍋 ‹ M› ) of a
rank function .›
locale M_wfrank = M_trancl +
assumes wfrank_separation:
"M(r) \
separation (M, λx.
∀ rplus[M]. tran_closure(M,r,rplus) ⟶
¬ (∃ f[M]. M_is_recfun(M, λx f y. is_range(M,f,y), rplus, x, f)))"
and wfrank_strong_replacement:
"M(r) \
strong_replacement(M, λx z.
∀ rplus[M]. tran_closure(M,r,rplus) ⟶
(∃ y[M]. ∃ f[M]. pair(M,x,y,z) ∧
M_is_recfun(M, λx f y. is_range(M,f,y), rplus, x, f) ∧
is_range(M,f,y)))"
and Ord_wfrank_separation:
"M(r) \
separation (M, λx.
∀ rplus[M]. tran_closure(M,r,rplus) ⟶
¬ (∀ f[M]. ∀ rangef[M].
is_range(M,f,rangef) ⟶
M_is_recfun(M, λx f y. is_range(M,f,y), rplus, x, f) ⟶
ordinal(M,rangef)))"
text ‹ Proving that the relativized instances of Separation or Replacement
agree with the "real" ones.›
lemma (in M_wfrank) wfrank_separation':
"M(r) \
separation
(M, λx. ¬ (∃ f[M]. is_recfun(r^+, x, λx f. range(f), f)))"
apply (insert wfrank_separation [of r])
apply (simp add: relation2_def is_recfun_abs [of "\x. range" ])
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) wfrank_strong_replacement':
"M(r) \
strong_replacement(M, λx z. ∃ y[M]. ∃ f[M].
pair(M,x,y,z) ∧ is_recfun(r^+, x, λx f. range(f), f) ∧
y = range(f))"
apply (insert wfrank_strong_replacement [of r])
apply (simp add: relation2_def is_recfun_abs [of "\x. range" ])
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) Ord_wfrank_separation':
"M(r) \
separation (M, λx.
¬ (∀ f[M]. is_recfun(r^+, x, λx. range, f) ⟶ Ord(range(f))))"
apply (insert Ord_wfrank_separation [of r])
apply (simp add: relation2_def is_recfun_abs [of "\x. range" ])
done
text ‹ This function , defined using replacement, is a rank function for
well-founded relations within the class M.›
definition
wellfoundedrank :: "[i\o,i,i] \ i" where
"wellfoundedrank(M,r,A) \
{p. x∈ A, ∃ y[M]. ∃ f[M].
p = ⟨ x,y⟩ ∧ is_recfun(r^+, x, λx f. range(f), f) ∧
y = range(f)}"
lemma (in M_wfrank) exists_wfrank:
"\wellfounded(M,r); M(a); M(r)\
==> ∃ f[M]. is_recfun(r^+, a, λx f. range(f), f)"
apply (rule wellfounded_exists_is_recfun)
apply (blast intro: wellfounded_trancl)
apply (rule trans_trancl)
apply (erule wfrank_separation')
apply (erule wfrank_strong_replacement')
apply (simp_all add: trancl_subset_times)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) M_wellfoundedrank:
"\wellfounded(M,r); M(r); M(A)\ \ M(wellfoundedrank(M,r,A))"
apply (insert wfrank_strong_replacement' [of r])
apply (simp add: wellfoundedrank_def)
apply (rule strong_replacement_closed)
apply assumption+
apply (rule univalent_is_recfun)
apply (blast intro: wellfounded_trancl)
apply (rule trans_trancl)
apply (simp add: trancl_subset_times)
apply (blast dest: transM)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) Ord_wfrank_range [rule_format]:
"\wellfounded(M,r); a\A; M(r); M(A)\
==> ∀ f[M]. is_recfun(r^+, a, λx f. range(f), f) ⟶ Ord(range(f))"
apply (drule wellfounded_trancl, assumption)
apply (rule wellfounded_induct, assumption, erule (1) transM)
apply simp
apply (blast intro: Ord_wfrank_separation', clarify)
txt ‹ The reasoning in both cases is that we get 🍋 ‹ y› such that
🍋 ‹ ⟨ y, x⟩ ∈ r^+› . We find that
🍋 ‹ f`y = restrict (f, r^+ -`` {y})› .›
apply (rule OrdI [OF _ Ord_is_Transset])
txt ‹ An ordinal is a transitive set...›
apply (simp add: Transset_def)
apply clarify
apply (frule apply_recfun2, assumption)
apply (force simp add: restrict_iff)
txt ‹ ...of ordinals. This second case requires the induction hyp.›
apply clarify
apply (rename_tac i y)
apply (frule apply_recfun2, assumption)
apply (frule is_recfun_imp_in_r, assumption)
apply (frule is_recfun_restrict)
(*simp_all won't work*)
apply (simp add: trans_trancl trancl_subset_times)+
apply (drule spec [THEN mp], assumption)
apply (subgoal_tac "M(restrict(f, r^+ -`` {y}))" )
apply (drule_tac x="restrict(f, r^+ -`` {y})" in rspec)
apply assumption
apply (simp add: function_apply_equality [OF _ is_recfun_imp_function])
apply (blast dest: pair_components_in_M)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) Ord_range_wellfoundedrank:
"\wellfounded(M,r); r \ A*A; M(r); M(A)\
==> Ord (range(wellfoundedrank(M,r,A)))"
apply (frule wellfounded_trancl, assumption)
apply (frule trancl_subset_times)
apply (simp add: wellfoundedrank_def)
apply (rule OrdI [OF _ Ord_is_Transset])
prefer 2
txt ‹ by our previous result the range consists of ordinals.›
apply (blast intro: Ord_wfrank_range)
txt ‹ We still must show that the range is a transitive set.›
apply (simp add: Transset_def, clarify, simp)
apply (rename_tac x i f u)
apply (frule is_recfun_imp_in_r, assumption)
apply (subgoal_tac "M(u) \ M(i) \ M(x)" )
prefer 2 apply (blast dest: transM, clarify)
apply (rule_tac a=u in rangeI)
apply (rule_tac x=u in ReplaceI)
apply simp
apply (rule_tac x="restrict(f, r^+ -`` {u})" in rexI)
apply (blast intro: is_recfun_restrict trans_trancl dest: apply_recfun2)
apply simp
apply blast
txt ‹ Unicity requirement of Replacement›
apply clarify
apply (frule apply_recfun2, assumption)
apply (simp add: trans_trancl is_recfun_cut)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) function_wellfoundedrank:
"\wellfounded(M,r); M(r); M(A)\
==> function (wellfoundedrank(M,r,A))"
apply (simp add: wellfoundedrank_def function_def, clarify)
txt ‹ Uniqueness: repeated below!›
apply (drule is_recfun_functional, assumption)
apply (blast intro: wellfounded_trancl)
apply (simp_all add: trancl_subset_times trans_trancl)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) domain_wellfoundedrank:
"\wellfounded(M,r); M(r); M(A)\
==> domain (wellfoundedrank(M,r,A)) = A"
apply (simp add: wellfoundedrank_def function_def)
apply (rule equalityI, auto)
apply (frule transM, assumption)
apply (frule_tac a=x in exists_wfrank, assumption+, clarify)
apply (rule_tac b="range(f)" in domainI)
apply (rule_tac x=x in ReplaceI)
apply simp
apply (rule_tac x=f in rexI, blast, simp_all)
txt ‹ Uniqueness (for Replacement): repeated above!›
apply clarify
apply (drule is_recfun_functional, assumption)
apply (blast intro: wellfounded_trancl)
apply (simp_all add: trancl_subset_times trans_trancl)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) wellfoundedrank_type:
"\wellfounded(M,r); M(r); M(A)\
==> wellfoundedrank(M,r,A) ∈ A -> range(wellfoundedrank(M,r,A))"
apply (frule function_wellfoundedrank [of r A], assumption+)
apply (frule function_imp_Pi)
apply (simp add: wellfoundedrank_def relation_def)
apply blast
apply (simp add: domain_wellfoundedrank)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) Ord_wellfoundedrank:
"\wellfounded(M,r); a \ A; r \ A*A; M(r); M(A)\
==> Ord(wellfoundedrank(M,r,A) ` a)"
by (blast intro: apply_funtype [OF wellfoundedrank_type]
Ord_in_Ord [OF Ord_range_wellfoundedrank])
lemma (in M_wfrank) wellfoundedrank_eq:
"\is_recfun(r^+, a, \x. range, f);
wellfounded(M,r); a ∈ A; M(f); M(r); M(A)]
==> wellfoundedrank(M,r,A) ` a = range(f)"
apply (rule apply_equality)
prefer 2 apply (blast intro: wellfoundedrank_type)
apply (simp add: wellfoundedrank_def)
apply (rule ReplaceI)
apply (rule_tac x="range(f)" in rexI)
apply blast
apply simp_all
txt ‹ Unicity requirement of Replacement›
apply clarify
apply (drule is_recfun_functional, assumption)
apply (blast intro: wellfounded_trancl)
apply (simp_all add: trancl_subset_times trans_trancl)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) wellfoundedrank_lt:
"\\a,b\ \ r;
wellfounded(M,r); r ⊆ A*A; M(r); M(A)]
==> wellfoundedrank(M,r,A) ` a < wellfoundedrank(M,r,A) ` b"
apply (frule wellfounded_trancl, assumption)
apply (subgoal_tac "a\A \ b\A" )
prefer 2 apply blast
apply (simp add: lt_def Ord_wellfoundedrank, clarify)
apply (frule exists_wfrank [of concl: _ b], erule (1) transM, assumption)
apply clarify
apply (rename_tac fb)
apply (frule is_recfun_restrict [of concl: "r^+" a])
apply (rule trans_trancl, assumption)
apply (simp_all add: r_into_trancl trancl_subset_times)
txt ‹ Still the same goal, but with new ‹ is_recfun› assumptions.›
apply (simp add: wellfoundedrank_eq)
apply (frule_tac a=a in wellfoundedrank_eq, assumption+)
apply (simp_all add: transM [of a])
txt ‹ We have used equations for wellfoundedrank and now must use some
for ‹ is_recfun› .›
apply (rule_tac a=a in rangeI)
apply (simp add: is_recfun_type [THEN apply_iff] vimage_singleton_iff
r_into_trancl apply_recfun)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) wellfounded_imp_subset_rvimage:
"\wellfounded(M,r); r \ A*A; M(r); M(A)\
==> ∃ i f. Ord(i) ∧ r ⊆ rvimage(A, f, Memrel(i))"
apply (rule_tac x="range(wellfoundedrank(M,r,A))" in exI)
apply (rule_tac x="wellfoundedrank(M,r,A)" in exI)
apply (simp add: Ord_range_wellfoundedrank, clarify)
apply (frule subsetD, assumption, clarify)
apply (simp add: rvimage_iff wellfoundedrank_lt [THEN ltD])
apply (blast intro: apply_rangeI wellfoundedrank_type)
done
lemma (in M_wfrank) wellfounded_imp_wf:
"\wellfounded(M,r); relation(r); M(r)\ \ wf(r)"
by (blast dest!: relation_field_times_field wellfounded_imp_subset_rvimage
intro: wf_rvimage_Ord [THEN wf_subset])
lemma (in M_wfrank) wellfounded_on_imp_wf_on:
"\wellfounded_on(M,A,r); relation(r); M(r); M(A)\ \ wf[A](r)"
apply (simp add: wellfounded_on_iff_wellfounded wf_on_def)
apply (rule wellfounded_imp_wf)
apply (simp_all add: relation_def)
done
theorem (in M_wfrank) wf_abs:
"\relation(r); M(r)\ \ wellfounded(M,r) \ wf(r)"
by (blast intro: wellfounded_imp_wf wf_imp_relativized)
theorem (in M_wfrank) wf_on_abs:
"\relation(r); M(r); M(A)\ \ wellfounded_on(M,A,r) \ wf[A](r)"
by (blast intro: wellfounded_on_imp_wf_on wf_on_imp_relativized)
end
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