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---
summary: "Gateway singleton guard using the WebSocket listener bind"
read_when:
- Running or debugging the gateway process
- Investigating single-instance enforcement
title: "Gateway lock"
---
## Why
- Ensure only one gateway instance runs per base port on the same host; additional gateways must use isolated profiles and unique ports.
- Survive crashes/SIGKILL without leaving stale lock files.
- Fail fast with a clear error when the control port is already occupied.
## Mechanism
- The gateway binds the WebSocket listener (default `ws://127.0.0.1:18789`) immediately on startup using an exclusive TCP listener.
- If the bind fails with `EADDRINUSE`, startup throws `GatewayLockError("another gateway instance is already listening on ws://127.0.0.1:<port>")`.
- The OS releases the listener automatically on any process exit, including crashes and SIGKILL—no separate lock file or cleanup step is needed.
- On shutdown the gateway closes the WebSocket server and underlying HTTP server to free the port promptly.
## Error surface
- If another process holds the port, startup throws `GatewayLockError("another gateway instance is already listening on ws://127.0.0.1:<port>")`.
- Other bind failures surface as `GatewayLockError("failed to bind gateway socket on ws://127.0.0.1:<port>: …")`.
## Operational notes
- If the port is occupied by _another_ process, the error is the same; free the port or choose another with `openclaw gateway --port <port>`.
- The macOS app still maintains its own lightweight PID guard before spawning the gateway; the runtime lock is enforced by the WebSocket bind.
## Related
- [Multiple Gateways](/gateway/multiple-gateways) — running multiple instances with unique ports
- [Troubleshooting](/gateway/troubleshooting) — diagnosing `EADDRINUSE` and port conflicts
[Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.19 Sekunden, vorverarbeitet 2026-04-27]
