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DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR
THIS FILE HEADER.
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#
This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General
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2 only, as
# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates
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# particular file as subject to the
"Classpath" exception as provided
# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied
this code.
#
#
This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
# FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
Public License
# version
2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
# accompanied
this code).
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General
Public License version
#
2 along with
this work;
if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
# Inc.,
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-
1301 USA.
#
# Please contact Oracle,
500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA
94065 USA
# or visit www.oracle.com
if you need additional information or have any
# questions.
#
# tzdb data
for Europe and environs
#
This file is in the
public domain, so clarified as of
#
2009-
05-
17 by Arthur David Olson.
#
This file is by no means authoritative;
if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@iana.org
for general use in the future).
For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
# From Paul Eggert (
2017-
02-
10):
#
# Unless otherwise specified, the source
for data through
1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (
6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (
2003).
# Unfortunately
this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
#
for time zone data was the International Air Transport
# Association
's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA
's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
# IATA SSIM is the source
for entries after
1990.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (
1997).
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source
for
# entries through
1991, and IATA SSIM is the source
for entries afterwards.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co,
2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
# which I found in the UCLA library.
#
# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight,
19th edition
# <http:
//cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
# [PDF] (
1914-
03)
#
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J.
1899 Feb;
13(
2):
173-
94
# <https:
//www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
#
"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
# Savile Row, London.
" Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
#
# Byalokoz EL.
New Counting of Time in Russia since July
1,
1919.
#
This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
# https:
//mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
# The full Russian citation is:
# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с
1-го
# июля
1919 г. / Изд.
2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
# Десятая гос. тип.,
1919.
# http:
//resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
#
# Brazil
's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
# History of Summer Time
# <http:
//pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
# (
1998-
09-
21, in Portuguese)
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked
'*' in the following table;
# the rest are variants of the
"xMT" pattern
for a city
's mean time,
# or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
2dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
# -
4:
00 AST ADT Atlantic
#
0:
00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
#
0:
00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
#
0:
00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
#
1:
00 BST British Standard (
1968-
1971)
#
1:
00 IST GMT Irish Standard (
1968-) with winter DST
#
1:
00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
#
1:
00:
14 SET Swedish (
1879-
1899)
#
1:
36:
34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (
1880-
1926)*
#
2:
00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
#
3:
00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
# From Peter Ilieve (
1994-
12-
04), re EEC/EC/EU members:
# The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from
1 Jan
73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# Plus, from
1 Jan
81: Greece.
# Plus, from
1 Jan
86: Spain, Portugal.
# Plus, from
1 Jan
95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms
for
# entry but in a referendum on
28 Nov
94 the people voted No by
52.
2% to
47.
8%
# on a turnout of
88.
6%.
This was almost the same result as Norway
's previous
# referendum in
1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
# ...
# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at
01:
00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
# I don
't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
# ...
# There shouldn
't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
# different end date
for the UK and Ireland, and
this was always allowed
# in the Directive.
###############################################################################
# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
# From Peter Ilieve (
1994-
07-
06):
#
# On
17 Jan
1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
# of the text said:
#
#
'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
# beside the river at Kew. In the
18th century, before time and longitude
# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
#
this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
# made their calculations and set the time
for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.
'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone
's
# position is
51°
28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about ±
2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [
This yields STDOFF = -
0:
01:
15 for London LMT in the
18th century.]
# From Paul Eggert (
1993-
11-
18):
#
# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (
1766-
1828)
# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (
1808-
1903).
# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
# in November
1840; other railways followed suit, and by
1847 most
# (though not all) railways used London time. On
1847-
09-
22 the
# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
# The transition occurred on
12-
01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
# and presumably other railways; the January
1848 Bradshaw
's lists many
# railways as using GMT. By
1855 the vast majority of
public
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
# one
for local time and one
for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time
for many years, leading
# to oddities like polls opening at
08:
13 and closing at
16:
13.
# The legal system
finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on
1880-
08-
02.
#
# In the tables below, we condense
this complicated story into a single
# transition date
for London, namely
1847-
12-
01. We don
't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use
1880-
08-
02, the legal transition time.
# From Paul Eggert (
2014-
07-
19):
# The ancients had no need
for daylight saving, as they kept time
# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
#
New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (
1867-
1946),
# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
# In
1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat.
30°.
# Transactions and Proceedings of the
New Zealand Institute.
1895;
28:
734
# http:
//rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
# Although some interest was expressed in
New Zealand, his proposal
# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
#
# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (
1857-
1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet
"The Waste of Daylight" (
1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks
20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in
1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in
1916.
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (
2000-
05-
18).
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on
1927-
05-
21, in an open space in
# a
45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the
public. On the south face of the monolith,
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
# From Winston Churchill (
1934-
04-
28):
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of
this country
# between
160 and
170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness
for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
# --
"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
# republished in Finest Hour (Spring
2002)
1(
114):
26
# https:
//www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill
# From Paul Eggert (
2015-
08-
08):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said
"Daylight Saving"
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in
1908; but by
1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST
's opponents, whereas the
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using
"Summer".
# The term
"Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
# ISBN
978-
1-
107-
49471-
8 (
1949, reissued
2015), p
8.
# From Arthur David Olson (
1989-
01-
19):
# A source at the British Information Office in
New York avers that it
's
# known as
"British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
# Date:
4 Jan
89 08:
57:
25 GMT (Wed)
# From: Jonathan Leffler
# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
#
If you can predict what Parliament will
do, you should be in
# politics making a fortune, not computing.
# From Chris Carrier (
1996-
06-
14):
# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
# acronym BDST
for British
Double Summer Time. Look
for the published
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
#
if you find a zone reference it will say,
"All times B.D.S.T."
# From Joseph S. Myers (
1999-
09-
02):
# ... some military cables (WO
219/
4100 -
this is a copy from the
# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/
5252/
8/
516)
# agree that the usage is BDST (
this appears in a message dated
17 Feb
1945).
# From Joseph S. Myers (
2000-
10-
03):
# On
18th April
1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
# official designation; the reply of the
21st was that there wasn
't
# but he couldn
't think of anything better than the "Double British
# Summer Time
" that the BBC had been using informally.
# https:
//www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
# https:
//www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (
1941-
04-
21):
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted
for the time
# which is to be introduced in May....
# I cannot think of anything better than
"Double British Summer Time"
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
# From Paul Eggert (
2000-
10-
02):
# Howse writes (p
157)
'DBST' too, but
'BDST' seems to have been common
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
# so we use
'BDST'.
# Peter Ilieve (
1998-
04-
19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since
1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
# and extending
this list, which can be found in
# https:
//www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
# From Joseph S. Myers (
1998-
01-
06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw
's speech
# https:
//www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
# (Lords Hansard
11 June
1997 columns
964 to
976).
# From Paul Eggert (
2006-
03-
22):
#
#
For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger
for Eire in
1940-
1948.
#
# Given Ilieve and Myers
's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
# are incorrect:
# * Wales did not
switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
#
1921 Apr
3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
# Actually, Wales was identical after
1880.
# * Eire had two transitions on
1916 Oct
1.
# It actually just had one transition.
# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
# * GB-Eire changed standard time to
1 hour ahead of GMT on
1968-
02-
18.
# Actually, that date saw the usual
switch to summer time.
# Standard time was not changed until
1968-
10-
27 (the clocks didn
't change).
#
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not
switch from GMT
# to daylight saving time until
1921 Apr
3, when they began to
# conform with Great Britain.
# S.R.&O.
1916, No.
382 and HO
45/
10811/
312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
# we
'll ignore it for now.
# * Dublin
's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was
03:
00.
# From Paul Eggert (
2017-
12-
04):
#
# Dunsink Observatory (
8 km NW of Dublin
's center) was to Dublin as
# Greenwich was to London.
For example:
#
#
"Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
#
# The abbreviation DMT stood
for "Dublin Mean Time" or
"Dunsink Mean Time";
#
this being Ireland, opinions differed.
#
# Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-
00:
25:
21, which agrees
# with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink
# Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping.
2016-
01-
24.
# <https:
//www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>. Malone
# writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-
00:
25:
22 until
1896, when
# it moved to UT-
00:
25:
21.
1 (I confirmed that the
1893 edition used
# the former and the
1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the
# news of
this change propagated slowly, as Milne
1899 still lists
# UT-
00:
25:
22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is
# not clear that there was any practical significance to the change
# from UT-
00:
25:
22 to UT-
00:
25:
21.
1 in civil timekeeping, omit
this
# transition
for now and just use the latter value.
#
"Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
# was among various actions undertaken by the
'English' government that
# would
'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
# Irish
'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'.
"
# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and
25 minutes - after
1916 Rising.
# Irish Times
2014-
10-
27.
# https:
//www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
# From Joseph S. Myers (
2005-
01-
26):
# Irish laws are available online at <http:
//www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
# These include various relating to legal time,
for example:
#
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
#
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
#
# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
#
# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
#
# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
# <http:
//www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
#
# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any
case these
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
#
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since
1968 has been defined
# in terms of standard time being GMT+
1 with a period of winter time when it
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
# being GMT+
1.)
# From Paul Eggert (
1999-
03-
28):
# Clive Feather (<news:
859845706.
26043.
0@office.demon.net>,
1997-
03-
31)
# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (<news:
36118128.
5A14@virgin.net>,
1998-
09-
30) reports that
# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you
're talking to.
#
If, say, the British police were called to the station
for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
#
This is a borderline
case, but
for now let
's stick to GMT/BST.
# From an anonymous contributor (
1996-
06-
02):
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI
395/
94,
# which gives force to European Union
7th Council Directive No.
94/
21/EC.
# Under
this directive, the Minister
for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
# regulations. I spoke
this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
# Justice (tel +
353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
#
"Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to
"IST".
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2017-
12-
07):
# The
1996 anonymous contributor
's goal was to determine the correct
# abbreviation
for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor
# focused on the
"IST", not on the
"Irish Summer Time". Though the
#
"IST" was correct, the
"Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an
# error, as Ireland
's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that
# standard time in Ireland remains at UT +
01 and is observed in
# summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks
# to Derick Rethans
for pointing out the error.) That is, when
# Ireland amended the
1968 act that established UT +
01 as Irish
# Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT
# as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in
this database
# IST stands
for Irish Summer Time
for timestamps before
1968, and
for
# Irish Standard Time after that. See:
# http:
//www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print
# Michael Deckers (
2017-
06-
01) gave the following URLs
for Ireland
's
# Summer Time Act,
1925 and Summer Time Orders,
1926 and
1947:
# http:
//www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print
# http:
//www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print
# http:
//www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Summer Time Act,
1916
Rule GB-Eire
1916 only - May
21 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1916 only - Oct
1 2:
00s
0 GMT
# S.R.&O.
1917, No.
358
Rule GB-Eire
1917 only - Apr
8 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1917 only - Sep
17 2:
00s
0 GMT
# S.R.&O.
1918, No.
274
Rule GB-Eire
1918 only - Mar
24 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1918 only - Sep
30 2:
00s
0 GMT
# S.R.&O.
1919, No.
297
Rule GB-Eire
1919 only - Mar
30 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1919 only - Sep
29 2:
00s
0 GMT
# S.R.&O.
1920, No.
458
Rule GB-Eire
1920 only - Mar
28 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
# S.R.&O.
1920, No.
1844
Rule GB-Eire
1920 only - Oct
25 2:
00s
0 GMT
# S.R.&O.
1921, No.
363
Rule GB-Eire
1921 only - Apr
3 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1921 only - Oct
3 2:
00s
0 GMT
# S.R.&O.
1922, No.
264
Rule GB-Eire
1922 only - Mar
26 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1922 only - Oct
8 2:
00s
0 GMT
# The Summer Time Act,
1922
Rule GB-Eire
1923 only - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=
16 2:
00s
0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire
1924 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
# The Summer Time Act,
1925
Rule GB-Eire
1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=
2 2:
00s
0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire
1927 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1930 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1933 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1934 only - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1935 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1938 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1939 only - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
# S.R.&O.
1939, No.
1379
Rule GB-Eire
1939 only - Nov Sun>=
16 2:
00s
0 GMT
# S.R.&O.
1940, No.
172 and No.
1883
Rule GB-Eire
1940 only - Feb Sun>=
23 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
# S.R.&O.
1941, No.
476
Rule GB-Eire
1941 only - May Sun>=
2 1:
00s
2:
00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire
1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=
9 1:
00s
1:
00 BST
# S.R.&O.
1942, No.
506
Rule GB-Eire
1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=
2 1:
00s
2:
00 BDST
# S.R.&O.
1944, No.
932
Rule GB-Eire
1944 only - Sep Sun>=
16 1:
00s
1:
00 BST
# S.R.&O.
1945, No.
312
Rule GB-Eire
1945 only - Apr Mon>=
2 1:
00s
2:
00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire
1945 only - Jul Sun>=
9 1:
00s
1:
00 BST
# S.R.&O.
1945, No.
1208
Rule GB-Eire
1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=
2 2:
00s
0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire
1946 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
# The Summer Time Act,
1947
Rule GB-Eire
1947 only - Mar
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1947 only - Apr
13 1:
00s
2:
00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire
1947 only - Aug
10 1:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1947 only - Nov
2 2:
00s
0 GMT
# Summer Time Order,
1948 (S.I.
1948/
495)
Rule GB-Eire
1948 only - Mar
14 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1948 only - Oct
31 2:
00s
0 GMT
# Summer Time Order,
1949 (S.I.
1949/
373)
Rule GB-Eire
1949 only - Apr
3 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1949 only - Oct
30 2:
00s
0 GMT
# Summer Time Order,
1950 (S.I.
1950/
518)
# Summer Time Order,
1951 (S.I.
1951/
430)
# Summer Time Order,
1952 (S.I.
1952/
451)
Rule GB-Eire
1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=
14 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=
21 2:
00s
0 GMT
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act,
1925
Rule GB-Eire
1953 only - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=
2 2:
00s
0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire
1954 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1957 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1960 only - Apr Sun>=
9 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
# Summer Time Order,
1961 (S.I.
1961/
71)
# Summer Time (
1962) Order,
1961 (S.I.
1961/
2465)
# Summer Time Order,
1963 (S.I.
1963/
81)
Rule GB-Eire
1961 1963 - Mar lastSun
2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=
23 2:
00s
0 GMT
# Summer Time (
1964) Order,
1963 (S.I.
1963/
2101)
# Summer Time Order,
1964 (S.I.
1964/
1201)
# Summer Time Order,
1967 (S.I.
1967/
1148)
Rule GB-Eire
1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=
19 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
# Summer Time Order,
1968 (S.I.
1968/
117)
Rule GB-Eire
1968 only - Feb
18 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
# The British Standard Time Act,
1968
# (no summer time)
# The Summer Time Act,
1972
Rule GB-Eire
1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=
16 2:
00s
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=
23 2:
00s
0 GMT
# Summer Time Order,
1980 (S.I.
1980/
1089)
# Summer Time Order,
1982 (S.I.
1982/
1673)
# Summer Time Order,
1986 (S.I.
1986/
223)
# Summer Time Order,
1988 (S.I.
1988/
931)
Rule GB-Eire
1981 1995 - Mar lastSun
1:
00u
1:
00 BST
Rule GB-Eire
1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=
23 1:
00u
0 GMT
# Summer Time Order,
1989 (S.I.
1989/
985)
# Summer Time Order,
1992 (S.I.
1992/
1729)
# Summer Time Order
1994 (S.I.
1994/
2798)
Rule GB-Eire
1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=
22 1:
00u
0 GMT
# Summer Time Order
1997 (S.I.
1997/
2982)
# See EU
for rules starting in
1996.
#
# Use Europe/London
for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/London -
0:
01:
15 - LMT
1847 Dec
1
0:
00 GB-Eire %s
1968 Oct
27
1:
00 - BST
1971 Oct
31 2:
00u
0:
00 GB-Eire %s
1996
0:
00 EU GMT/BST
# From Paul Eggert (
2018-
02-
15):
# In January
2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the
# Eire rules cause problems with tests
for ICU:
# https:
//mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
# and with tests
for OpenJDK:
# https:
//mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
#
# To work around
this problem, the build procedure can translate the
# following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the
# other form with a traditional approximation
for Irish timestamps
# after
1971-
10-
31 02:
00 UTC; although
this approximation has tm_isdst
# flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and
this often
# suffices.
This source file currently uses only nonnegative SAVE
# values, but
this is intended to change and downstream code should
# not rely on it.
#
# The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
# summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is
for when
# negative SAVE values are used.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Eire
1971 only - Oct
31 2:
00u -
1:
00 -
Rule Eire
1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=
16 2:
00u
0 -
Rule Eire
1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=
23 2:
00u -
1:
00 -
Rule Eire
1981 max - Mar lastSun
1:
00u
0 -
Rule Eire
1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=
23 1:
00u -
1:
00 -
Rule Eire
1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=
22 1:
00u -
1:
00 -
Rule Eire
1996 max - Oct lastSun
1:
00u -
1:
00 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#STDOFF -
0:
25:
21.
1
Zone Europe/Dublin -
0:
25:
21 - LMT
1880 Aug
2
-
0:
25:
21 - DMT
1916 May
21 2:
00s
-
0:
25:
21 1:
00 IST
1916 Oct
1 2:
00s
0:
00 GB-Eire %s
1921 Dec
6 # independence
0:
00 GB-Eire GMT/IST
1940 Feb
25 2:
00s
0:
00 1:
00 IST
1946 Oct
6 2:
00s
0:
00 - GMT
1947 Mar
16 2:
00s
0:
00 1:
00 IST
1947 Nov
2 2:
00s
0:
00 - GMT
1948 Apr
18 2:
00s
0:
00 GB-Eire GMT/IST
1968 Oct
27
# Vanguard section,
for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1:
00 Eire IST/GMT
# Rearguard section,
for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
#
1:
00 - IST
1971 Oct
31 2:
00u
#
0:
00 GB-Eire GMT/IST
1996
#
0:
00 EU GMT/IST
# End of rearguard section.
###############################################################################
# Europe
# The following rules are
for the European Union and
for its
# predecessor organization, the European Communities.
#
For brevity they are called
"EU rules" elsewhere in
this file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EU
1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=
1 1:
00u
1:
00 S
Rule EU
1977 only - Sep lastSun
1:
00u
0 -
Rule EU
1978 only - Oct
1 1:
00u
0 -
Rule EU
1979 1995 - Sep lastSun
1:
00u
0 -
Rule EU
1981 max - Mar lastSun
1:
00u
1:
00 S
Rule EU
1996 max - Oct lastSun
1:
00u
0 -
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in
2002. See:
# Directive
2000/
84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of
19 January
2001 on summer-time arrangements.
# http:
//eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule W-Eur
1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=
1 1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule W-Eur
1977 only - Sep lastSun
1:
00s
0 -
Rule W-Eur
1978 only - Oct
1 1:
00s
0 -
Rule W-Eur
1979 1995 - Sep lastSun
1:
00s
0 -
Rule W-Eur
1981 max - Mar lastSun
1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule W-Eur
1996 max - Oct lastSun
1:
00s
0 -
# Older C-Eur rules are
for convenience in the tables.
# From
1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
Rule C-Eur
1916 only - Apr
30 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule C-Eur
1916 only - Oct
1 1:
00 0 -
Rule C-Eur
1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=
15 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule C-Eur
1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=
15 2:
00s
0 -
Rule C-Eur
1940 only - Apr
1 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule C-Eur
1942 only - Nov
2 2:
00s
0 -
Rule C-Eur
1943 only - Mar
29 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule C-Eur
1943 only - Oct
4 2:
00s
0 -
Rule C-Eur
1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=
1 2:
00s
1:
00 S
# Whitman gives
1944 Oct
7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule C-Eur
1944 only - Oct
2 2:
00s
0 -
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (
2008-
07-
13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of
2:
00 which should perhaps be
2:
00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version
2008d (
this part was
# corrected in version
2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris ...
#
0:
00 France WE%sT
1945 Sep
16 3:
00
#
# Zone Europe/Monaco ...
#
0:
00 France WE%sT
1945 Sep
16 3:
00
#
# Zone Europe/Belgrade ...
#
1:
00 1:
00 CEST
1945 Sep
16 2:
00s
#
# Rule France
1945 only - Sep
16 3:
00 0 -
# Rule Belgium
1945 only - Sep
16 2:
00s
0 -
# Rule Neth
1945 only - Sep
16 2:
00s
0 -
#
# The rule line to be changed is:
#
# Rule C-Eur
1945 only - Sep
16 2:
00 0 -
#
# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
#
2:
00 standard time, e.g.
3:
00 local time. However there are no
# countries that use C-Eur rules in September
1945, so the only items
# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
# CET and MET:
#
# Zone CET
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
# Zone MET
1:
00 C-Eur ME%sT
#
# It
this is right then the corrected version would look like:
#
# Rule C-Eur
1945 only - Sep
16 2:
00s
0 -
#
# A small step
for mankind though
8-)
Rule C-Eur
1945 only - Sep
16 2:
00s
0 -
Rule C-Eur
1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=
1 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule C-Eur
1977 only - Sep lastSun
2:
00s
0 -
Rule C-Eur
1978 only - Oct
1 2:
00s
0 -
Rule C-Eur
1979 1995 - Sep lastSun
2:
00s
0 -
Rule C-Eur
1981 max - Mar lastSun
2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule C-Eur
1996 max - Oct lastSun
2:
00s
0 -
# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
Rule E-Eur
1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule E-Eur
1977 only - Sep lastSun
0:
00 0 -
Rule E-Eur
1978 only - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule E-Eur
1979 1995 - Sep lastSun
0:
00 0 -
Rule E-Eur
1981 max - Mar lastSun
0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule E-Eur
1996 max - Oct lastSun
0:
00 0 -
# Daylight saving time
for Russia and the Soviet Union
#
# The
1917-
1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (
2016-
08-
23).
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Russia
1917 only - Jul
1 23:
00 1:
00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
#
# Decree No.
142 (
1917-
12-
22) http:
//istmat.info/node/28137
Rule Russia
1917 only - Dec
28 0:
00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
#
# Decree No.
497 (
1918-
05-
30) http:
//istmat.info/node/30001
Rule Russia
1918 only - May
31 22:
00 2:
00 MDST # Moscow
Double Summer Time
Rule Russia
1918 only - Sep
16 1:
00 1:
00 MST
#
# Decree No.
258 (
1919-
05-
29) http:
//istmat.info/node/37949
Rule Russia
1919 only - May
31 23:
00 2:
00 MDST
#
Rule Russia
1919 only - Jul
1 0:
00u
1:
00 MSD
Rule Russia
1919 only - Aug
16 0:
00 0 MSK
#
# Decree No.
63 (
1921-
02-
03) http:
//istmat.info/node/45840
Rule Russia
1921 only - Feb
14 23:
00 1:
00 MSD
#
# Decree No.
121 (
1921-
03-
07) http:
//istmat.info/node/45949
Rule Russia
1921 only - Mar
20 23:
00 2:
00 +
05
#
Rule Russia
1921 only - Sep
1 0:
00 1:
00 MSD
Rule Russia
1921 only - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
# Act No.
925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (
1980-
10-
24):
Rule Russia
1981 1984 - Apr
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Russia
1981 1983 - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
# Act No.
967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (
1984-
09-
13), repeated in
# Act No.
227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (
1989-
03-
14):
Rule Russia
1984 1995 - Sep lastSun
2:
00s
0 -
Rule Russia
1985 2010 - Mar lastSun
2:
00s
1:
00 S
#
Rule Russia
1996 2010 - Oct lastSun
2:
00s
0 -
# As described below, Russia
's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
03-
07):
# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
# Ministers of the USSR from
1988-
01-
04 No.
5 and the Act of the
# Council of Ministers of the USSR from
1989-
03-
14 No.
227.
#
# I did not find full texts of these acts.
For the
1989 one we have
# title at https:
//base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
#
"About change in calculation of time on the territories of
# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts
".
# And http:
//astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March
1988 rules
# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March
1989:
# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-
1);
# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
# rules (Moscow time)
# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+
1).
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
03-
27):
# Unamended version of the act of the
# Government of the Russian Federation No.
23 from
08.
01.
1992
# http:
//pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
# of March at
2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
# at
3 hours. It was amended in
1996 to replace September with October.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2011-
06-
14):
# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
# signed a federal law
"On calculation of time" on June
9,
2011.
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
#
# Medvedev signed a law
"On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
# http:
//bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
#
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
# https:
//www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
# From Arthur David Olson (
2011-
06-
15):
# Take
"abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
# to be standard.
# These are
for backward compatibility with older versions.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone WET
0:
00 EU WE%sT
Zone CET
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
Zone MET
1:
00 C-Eur ME%sT
Zone EET
2:
00 EU EE%sT
# Previous editions of
this database used abbreviations like MET DST
#
for Central European Summer Time, but
this didn
't agree with common usage.
# From Markus Kuhn (
1996-
07-
12):
# The official German names ... are
#
# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+
01:
00
# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+
02:
00
#
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
#
1978-
07-
25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang
1978, Teil I, S.
1110-
1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
# Laboratorium
4.
41 "Zeiteinheit"
# Postfach
3345
# D-
38023 Braunschweig
# phone: +
49 531 592-
0
#
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
# department
for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
#
# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+
01:
00
# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+
02:
00
# Albania
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Albania
1940 only - Jun
16 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1942 only - Nov
2 3:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1943 only - Mar
29 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1943 only - Apr
10 3:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1974 only - May
4 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1974 only - Oct
2 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1975 only - May
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1975 only - Oct
2 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1976 only - May
2 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1976 only - Oct
3 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1977 only - May
8 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1977 only - Oct
2 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1978 only - May
6 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1978 only - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1979 only - May
5 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1979 only - Sep
30 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1980 only - May
3 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1980 only - Oct
4 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1981 only - Apr
26 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1981 only - Sep
27 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1982 only - May
2 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1982 only - Oct
3 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1983 only - Apr
18 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Albania
1983 only - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule Albania
1984 only - Apr
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tirane
1:
19:
20 - LMT
1914
1:
00 - CET
1940 Jun
16
1:
00 Albania CE%sT
1984 Jul
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Andorra
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Andorra
0:
06:
04 - LMT
1901
0:
00 - WET
1946 Sep
30
1:
00 - CET
1985 Mar
31 2:
00
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Austria
# Milne says Vienna time was
1:
05:
21.
# From Paul Eggert (
2006-
03-
22): Shanks & Pottenger give
1918-
06-
16 and
#
1945-
11-
18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
# Surveying (BEV) gives
1918-
09-
16 and
for Vienna gives the
"alleged"
# date of
1945-
04-
12 with no time.
For the
1980-
04-
06 transition
# Shanks & Pottenger give
02:
00, the BEV
00:
00. Go with the BEV,
# and guess
02:
00 for 1945-
04-
12.
# From Alois Treindl (
2019-
07-
22):
# In
1946 the end of DST was on Monday,
7 October
1946, at
3:
00 am.
# Shanks had
this right. Source: Die Weltpresse,
5. Oktober
1946, page
5.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Austria
1920 only - Apr
5 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Austria
1920 only - Sep
13 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Austria
1946 only - Apr
14 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Austria
1946 only - Oct
7 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Austria
1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=
1 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Austria
1947 only - Apr
6 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Austria
1948 only - Apr
18 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Austria
1980 only - Apr
6 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Austria
1980 only - Sep
28 0:
00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vienna
1:
05:
21 - LMT
1893 Apr
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1920
1:
00 Austria CE%sT
1940 Apr
1 2:
00s
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1945 Apr
2 2:
00s
1:
00 1:
00 CEST
1945 Apr
12 2:
00s
1:
00 - CET
1946
1:
00 Austria CE%sT
1981
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Belarus
#
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
07-
02):
# http:
//www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
#
1992-
03-
25 No.
157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at
2:
00
# on last Sunday of March and backward at
3:
00 on last Sunday of September
# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
#
# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (
2011-
09-
16):
# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
# GMT+
3 without DST (was GMT+
2 with DST).
#
# Sources (Russian language):
# http:
//www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
# http:
//naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
# https:
//news.tut.by/society/250578.html
#
# From Alexander Bokovoy (
2014-
10-
09):
# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
# http:
//eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk
1:
50:
16 - LMT
1880
1:
50 - MMT
1924 May
2 # Minsk Mean Time
2:
00 - EET
1930 Jun
21
3:
00 - MSK
1941 Jun
28
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Jul
3
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1990
3:
00 - MSK
1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
2:
00 Russia EE%sT
2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
3:
00 - +
03
# Belgium
# Luxembourg
# Netherlands
#
# From Michael Deckers (
2019-
08-
25):
# The exposition in the web page
# https:
//www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Voyager_dans_le_temps._L%E2%80%99introduction_de_la_norme_de_Greenwich_en_Belgique
# gives several contemporary sources from which one can conclude that
# the
switch in Europe/Brussels on
1892-
05-
01 was from
00:
17:
30 to
00:
00:
00.
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2019-
08-
28):
#
This quote helps explain the late-
1914 situation:
# In early November
1914, the Germans imposed the time zone used in central
# Europe and forced the inhabitants to set their watches and
public clocks
# sixty minutes ahead. Many were reluctant to accept
"German time" and
# continued to use
"Belgian time" among themselves. Reflecting the spirit of
# resistance that arose in the population, a song made fun of
this change....
# The song ended:
# Putting your clock forward
# Will but hasten the happy hour
# When we kick out the Boches!
# See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois -
# Brusselse Cahiers.
2014;XLVI(
1E):
15-
38.
# https:
//www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm
#
# Entries from
1914 through
1917 are taken from
"De tijd in België"
# <https:
//www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html>.
# Entries from
1918 through
1991 are taken from:
# Annuaire de L
'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
# Avenue Circulaire,
3, B-
1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année,
1991
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin,
4,
1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
# pp
8-
9.
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie
for the
1918/
1991 references.
# The
1918 rules are listed
for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in
1918 when the armistice took effect.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Belgium
1918 only - Mar
9 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=
1 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Belgium
1919 only - Mar
1 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1920 only - Feb
14 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1920 only - Oct
23 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Belgium
1921 only - Mar
14 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1921 only - Oct
25 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Belgium
1922 only - Mar
25 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=
1 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Belgium
1923 only - Apr
21 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1924 only - Mar
29 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1925 only - Apr
4 23:
00s
1:
00 S
# DSH writes that a royal decree of
1926-
02-
22 specified the Sun following
3rd
# Sat in Apr (except
if it
's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
# to Sun following
1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of
1928-
09-
15
# changed the transition times to
02:
00 GMT.
Rule Belgium
1926 only - Apr
17 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1927 only - Apr
9 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1928 only - Apr
14 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=
2 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Belgium
1929 only - Apr
21 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1930 only - Apr
13 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1931 only - Apr
19 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1932 only - Apr
3 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1933 only - Mar
26 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1934 only - Apr
8 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1935 only - Mar
31 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1936 only - Apr
19 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1937 only - Apr
4 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1938 only - Mar
27 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1939 only - Apr
16 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1939 only - Nov
19 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Belgium
1940 only - Feb
25 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1944 only - Sep
17 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Belgium
1945 only - Apr
2 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1945 only - Sep
16 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Belgium
1946 only - May
19 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Belgium
1946 only - Oct
7 2:
00s
0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Brussels
0:
17:
30 - LMT
1880
0:
17:
30 - BMT
1892 May
1 00:
17:
30
0:
00 - WET
1914 Nov
8
1:
00 - CET
1916 May
1 0:
00
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1918 Nov
11 11:
00u
0:
00 Belgium WE%sT
1940 May
20 2:
00s
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Sep
3
1:
00 Belgium CE%sT
1977
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Bulgaria
#
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (
1999-
09-
09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.
94/
1997) says:
# EET -> EETDST is in
03:
00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
# EETDST -> EET is in
04:
00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bulg
1979 only - Mar
31 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Bulg
1979 only - Oct
1 1:
00 0 -
Rule Bulg
1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=
1 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Bulg
1980 only - Sep
29 1:
00 0 -
Rule Bulg
1981 only - Sep
27 2:
00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Sofia
1:
33:
16 - LMT
1880
1:
56:
56 - IMT
1894 Nov
30 # Istanbul MT?
2:
00 - EET
1942 Nov
2 3:
00
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1945
1:
00 - CET
1945 Apr
2 3:
00
2:
00 - EET
1979 Mar
31 23:
00
2:
00 Bulg EE%sT
1982 Sep
26 3:
00
2:
00 C-Eur EE%sT
1991
2:
00 E-Eur EE%sT
1997
2:
00 EU EE%sT
# Cyprus
# Please see the
'asia' file
for Asia/Nicosia.
# Czech Republic (Czechia)
# Slovakia
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2018-
04-
15):
# The source
for Czech data is: Kdy začíná a končí letní čas.
2018-
04-
15.
# https:
//kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas
# We know of no English-language name
for historical Czech winter time;
# abbreviate it as
"GMT", as it happened to be GMT.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Czech
1945 only - Apr Mon>=
1 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Czech
1945 only - Oct
1 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Czech
1946 only - May
6 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Czech
1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=
1 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Czech
1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=
15 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Czech
1949 only - Apr
9 2:
00s
1:
00 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Prague
0:
57:
44 - LMT
1850
0:
57:
44 - PMT
1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1945 May
9
1:
00 Czech CE%sT
1946 Dec
1 3:
00
# Vanguard section,
for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1:
00 -
1:
00 GMT
1947 Feb
23 2:
00
# Rearguard section,
for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
#
0:
00 - GMT
1947 Feb
23 2:
00
# End of rearguard section.
1:
00 Czech CE%sT
1979
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Faroe Is
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Faroe -
0:
27:
04 - LMT
1908 Jan
11 # Tórshavn
0:
00 - WET
1981
0:
00 EU WE%sT
# Greenland
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2004-
10-
31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don
't know their time zones.
# My source
for this is Wilhelm Dege
's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2017-
12-
10):
# Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark,
# obtained home rule on
1979-
05-
01, and left the European Communities
# on
1985-
02-
01. It therefore should have been using EU
# rules at least through
1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
# used C-Eur rules after
1980, but IATA SSIM (
1991/
1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least
1991. Assume EU rules since
1980.
# From Gwillim Law (
2001-
06-
06), citing
# <http:
//www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
# is according to the following time line:
#
# The military zone near Thule UTC-
4
# Standard Greenland time UTC-
3
# Scoresbysund UTC-
1
# Danmarkshavn UTC
#
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
# introduced.
# From Rives McDow (
2001-
11-
01):
#
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
# info from earlier correspondence.]
#
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-
4, implementing daylight
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at
02:
00 local time....
#
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
# There are just a few stations on
this coast, including the
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September
29th
# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-
1 and use
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
#
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (
this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-
3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC
0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
#
this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time.
This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of
this.
# From Rives McDow (
2001-
11-
19):
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
# there at
2:
00 AM.
# From Paul Eggert (
2006-
03-
22):
# From
1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
# the
1995 map as like Godthåb.
#
For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before
1996.
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but
this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger
for Thule transitions until
this year.
#
For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
# From J William Piggott (
2016-
02-
20):
#
"Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
#
"National Park" by Executive Order:
# http:
//naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
# It is their only National Park.
# From Jonas Nyrup (
2022-
11-
24):
# On last Saturday in October
2023 when DST ends America/Nuuk will
switch
# from -
03/-
02 to -
02/-
01
# https:
//sermitsiaq.ag/forslagtidsforskel-danmark-mindskes-sommertid-beholdes
# ...
# https:
//sermitsiaq.ag/groenland-skifte-tidszone-trods-bekymringer
#
# From Jürgen Appel (
2022-
11-
25):
# https:
//ina.gl/samlinger/oversigt-over-samlinger/samling/dagsordener/dagsorden.aspx?lang=da&day=24-11-2022
#
If I understand
this correctly, from the next planned
switch to
# summer time, Greenland will permanently stay at that time, i.e. no
#
switch back to winter time in
2023 will occur.
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2022-
11-
28):
# The official document in Danish
# https:
//naalakkersuisut.gl/-/media/naalakkersuisut/filer/kundgoerelser/2022/11/2511/31_da_inatsisartutlov-om-tidens-bestemmelse.pdf?la=da&hash=A33597D8A38CC7038465241119EF34F3
# says standard time
for Greenland is -
02, that Naalakkersuisut can lay down
# rules
for DST and can require some areas to use a different time zone,
# and that
this all takes effect
2023-
03-
25 22:
00. The abovementioned
#
"bekymringer" URL says the intent is no transition March
25, that
# Greenland will not go back to winter time in fall
2023, and that
# only America/Nuuk is affected (though further changes may occur).
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Thule
1991 1992 - Mar lastSun
2:
00 1:
00 D
Rule Thule
1991 1992 - Sep lastSun
2:
00 0 S
Rule Thule
1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=
1 2:
00 1:
00 D
Rule Thule
1993 2006 - Oct lastSun
2:
00 0 S
Rule Thule
2007 max - Mar Sun>=
8 2:
00 1:
00 D
Rule Thule
2007 max - Nov Sun>=
1 2:
00 0 S
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -
1:
14:
40 - LMT
1916 Jul
28
-
3:
00 - -
03 1980 Apr
6 2:
00
-
3:
00 EU -
03/-
02 1996
0:
00 - GMT
#
# Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit
# exceeds tzdb
's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation.
Zone America/Scoresbysund -
1:
27:
52 - LMT
1916 Jul
28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-
2:
00 - -
02 1980 Apr
6 2:
00
-
2:
00 C-Eur -
02/-
01 1981 Mar
29
-
1:
00 EU -
01/+
00
Zone America/Nuuk -
3:
26:
56 - LMT
1916 Jul
28 # Godthåb
-
3:
00 - -
03 1980 Apr
6 2:
00
-
3:
00 EU -
03/-
02 2023 Mar
25 22:
00
-
2:
00 - -
02
Zone America/Thule -
4:
35:
08 - LMT
1916 Jul
28 # Pituffik
-
4:
00 Thule A%sT
# Estonia
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
03-
18):
# The
1989 transition is from USSR act No.
227 (
1989-
03-
14).
#
# From Peter Ilieve (
1994-
10-
15):
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data
for 1989 onwards
# [through
1994] and gives the legal authority
for it,
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No.
111 of
1989....
#
# From Peter Ilieve (
1996-
10-
28):
# [IATA SSIM (
1992/
1996) claims that the Baltic republics
switch at
01:
00s,
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at
02:
00s, writing:]
#
"I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
# (confusing) rules
for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
# summer time next spring.
"
# From Peter Ilieve (
1998-
11-
04), heavily edited:
# The
1998-
09-
22 Estonian time law
# http:
//trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II
1995,
22-
27,
120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
#
for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use
"suveaeg"
# (summer time) and
"talveaeg" (winter time).
# From The Baltic Times <https:
//www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
#
This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept.
6....
# But what
this could mean
for Estonia
's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear. In
1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
#
for all member states until
2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to
do
# after that.
# From Mart Oruaas (
2000-
01-
29):
# Regulation No.
301 (
1999-
10-
12) obsoletes previous regulation
# No.
206 (
1998-
09-
22) and thus sticks Estonia to +
02:
00 GMT
for all
# the year round. The regulation is effective
1999-
11-
01.
# From Toomas Soome (
2002-
02-
21):
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
# From Urmet Jänes (
2002-
03-
28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No.
84 on
2002-
02-
21.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tallinn
1:
39:
00 - LMT
1880
1:
39:
00 - TMT
1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1919 Jul
1:
39:
00 - TMT
1921 May
2:
00 - EET
1940 Aug
6
3:
00 - MSK
1941 Sep
15
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Sep
22
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1989 Mar
26 2:
00s
2:
00 1:
00 EEST
1989 Sep
24 2:
00s
2:
00 C-Eur EE%sT
1998 Sep
22
2:
00 EU EE%sT
1999 Oct
31 4:
00
2:
00 - EET
2002 Feb
21
2:
00 EU EE%sT
# Finland
# From Hannu Strang (
1994-
09-
25 06:
03:
37 UTC):
# Well, here in Helsinki we
're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# and it
's supposed to change at 4am...
# From Janne Snabb (
2010-
07-
15):
#
# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate
for years
1981 and
1982.
# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting
1983 the adjustment was made
# according to the central European standards.
#
#
This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja
2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN
952-
10-
3221-
9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
# https:
//almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
#
# Page
105 (
56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
#
This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company
's archive at:
# http:
//www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
#
# The news clip from
1981 says that
"the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight.
"
# From Konstantin Hyppönen (
2014-
06-
13):
# [Heikki Oja
's book Aikakirja 2013]
# https:
//almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
# pages
104-
105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr
2 1942
# say that ... [o]n Apr
2 1942,
24 o
'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
#
00:
00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
# mentions
"on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
# On Oct
4 1942, clocks were moved at
1:
00 one hour backwards.
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2014-
06-
14):
# Go with Oja over Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Finland
1942 only - Apr
2 24:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Finland
1942 only - Oct
4 1:
00 0 -
Rule Finland
1981 1982 - Mar lastSun
2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Finland
1981 1982 - Sep lastSun
3:
00 0 -
# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was
1:
39:
49.
2 (official document).
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#STDOFF
1:
39:
49.
2
Zone Europe/Helsinki
1:
39:
49 - LMT
1878 May
31
1:
39:
49 - HMT
1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
2:
00 Finland EE%sT
1983
2:
00 EU EE%sT
# France
# Monaco
# From Ciro Discepolo (
2000-
12-
20):
#
# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
# Traditionnelles - Paris
2 books,
1993
#
# Gabriel, Traité de l
'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
# Paris,
1991
#
# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l
'heure résolus en astrologie,
# Guy Trédaniel, Paris
1987
# From Michael Deckers (
2020-
06-
11):
# the law of
1891 <https:
//gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64415343.texteImage>
# was published on
1891-
03-
15, so it could only take force on
1891-
03-
16.
# From Michael Deckers (
2020-
06-
10):
# Le Gaulois,
1911-
03-
11, page
1/
6, online at
# https:
//www.retronews.fr/societe/echo-de-presse/2018/01/29/1911-change-lheure-de-paris
# ... [ Instantly, all pressure driven clock dials halted... Nine minutes and
# twenty-one seconds later the hands resumed their circular motion. ]
# There are also precise reports about how the change was prepared in train
# stations: all the publicly visible clocks stopped at midnight railway time
# (or were covered), only the chief of service had a watch, labeled
#
"Heure ancienne", that he kept running until it reached
00:
04:
21, when
# he announced
"Heure nouvelle". See the
"Le Petit Journal 1911-03-11".
# https:
//gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6192911/f1.item.zoom
#
# From Michael Deckers (
2020-
06-
12):
# That
"all French clocks stopped" for 00:
09:
21 is a misreading of French
# newspapers;
this sort of adjustment applies only to certain
# remote-controlled clocks (
"pendules pneumatiques", of which there existed
# perhaps a dozen in Paris, and which simply could not be set back remotely),
# but not to all the clocks in all French towns and villages.
For instance,
# the following story in the
"Courrier de Saône-et-Loire" 1911-
03-
11, page
2:
# only works
if legal time was stepped back (was not monotone): ...
# [One can observe that children who had been born at midnight less
5
# minutes and who had died at midnight of the old time, would turn out to
# be dead before being born, time having been set back and having
# suppressed
9 minutes and
25 seconds of their existence, that is, more
# than they could spend.]
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2020-
06-
12):
# French time in railway stations was legally five minutes behind civil time,
# which explains why railway
"old time" ran to
00:
04:
21 instead of to
00:
09:
21.
# The law
's text (which Michael Deckers noted is at
# <https:
//gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2022333z/f2>) says only that
# at
1911-
03-
11 00:
00 legal time was that of Paris mean time delayed by
# nine minutes and twenty-one seconds, and does not say how the
# transition from Paris mean time was to occur.
#
# tzdb has no way to represent stopped clocks. As the railway practice
# was to keep a watch running on
"old time" to decide when to restart
# the other clocks,
this could be modeled as a transition
for "old time" at
#
00:
09:
21. However, since the law was ambiguous and clocks outside railway
# stations were probably done haphazardly with the popular impression being
# that the transition was done at
00:
00 "old time", simply leave the time
# blank;
this causes zic to
default to
00:
00 "old time" which is good enough.
#
Do something similar
for the
1891-
03-
16 transition. There are similar
# problems in Algiers, Monaco and Tunis.
#
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use
'24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule France
1916 only - Jun
14 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=
1 23:
00s
0 -
Rule France
1917 only - Mar
24 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1918 only - Mar
9 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1919 only - Mar
1 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1920 only - Feb
14 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1920 only - Oct
23 23:
00s
0 -
Rule France
1921 only - Mar
14 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1921 only - Oct
25 23:
00s
0 -
Rule France
1922 only - Mar
25 23:
00s
1:
00 S
# DSH writes that a law of
1923-
05-
24 specified
3rd Sat in Apr at
23:
00 to
1st
# Sat in Oct at
24:
00; and that in
1930, because of Easter, the transitions
# were Apr
12 and Oct
5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule France
1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=
1 23:
00s
0 -
Rule France
1923 only - May
26 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1924 only - Mar
29 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1925 only - Apr
4 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1926 only - Apr
17 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1927 only - Apr
9 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1928 only - Apr
14 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1929 only - Apr
20 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1930 only - Apr
12 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1931 only - Apr
18 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1932 only - Apr
2 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1933 only - Mar
25 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1934 only - Apr
7 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1935 only - Mar
30 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1936 only - Apr
18 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1937 only - Apr
3 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1938 only - Mar
26 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1939 only - Apr
15 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule France
1939 only - Nov
18 23:
00s
0 -
Rule France
1940 only - Feb
25 2:
00 1:
00 S
# The French rules
for 1941-
1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
Rule France
1941 only - May
5 0:
00 2:
00 M # Midsummer
# Shanks & Pottenger say
this transition occurred at Oct
6 1:
00,
# but go with Denis Excoffier (
1997-
12-
12),
# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques
for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying
5/
10/
41 22hUT.
Rule France
1941 only - Oct
6 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule France
1942 only - Mar
9 0:
00 2:
00 M
Rule France
1942 only - Nov
2 3:
00 1:
00 S
Rule France
1943 only - Mar
29 2:
00 2:
00 M
Rule France
1943 only - Oct
4 3:
00 1:
00 S
Rule France
1944 only - Apr
3 2:
00 2:
00 M
Rule France
1944 only - Oct
8 1:
00 1:
00 S
Rule France
1945 only - Apr
2 2:
00 2:
00 M
Rule France
1945 only - Sep
16 3:
00 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar
28 2:
00 and Sep
26 3:
00;
# go with Excoffier
's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
Rule France
1976 only - Mar
28 1:
00 1:
00 S
Rule France
1976 only - Sep
26 1:
00 0 -
# Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
# on PMT-
0:
09:
21 until
1978-
08-
09, when the time base
finally switched to UTC.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Paris
0:
09:
21 - LMT
1891 Mar
16
0:
09:
21 - PMT
1911 Mar
11 # Paris Mean Time
# Shanks & Pottenger give
1940 Jun
14 0:
00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
0:
00 France WE%sT
1940 Jun
14 23:
00
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Aug
25
0:
00 France WE%sT
1945 Sep
16 3:
00
1:
00 France CE%sT
1977
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Denmark
# Germany
# Norway
# Sweden
# From Markus Kuhn (
1998-
09-
29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to
1916.
# [See tz-link.html
for the URL.]
# From Jörg Schilling (
2002-
10-
23):
# In
1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+
4) by
# https:
//www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
# From Paul Eggert (
2003-
03-
08):
# http:
//www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May
20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in
1945, so
#
this was equivalent to UT +
03, not +
04.
# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
# From Steffen Thorsen (
2001-
05-
01):
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of
1925-
07-
17 no
11, section
4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of
1930-
02-
27 no
2, section
2. (From
# <http:
//www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
# <http:
//www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
#
for normal/standard time in Norway is from
1894-
06-
29 no
1 (came
# into operation on
1895-
01-
01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of
this law since
1925/
1930. (From
# <http:
//www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
# able to find
if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -
0100)
# before
1930. Jan Mayen has only been
"inhabited" since
1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since
1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before
1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between
1895 and
1925 (inclusive).
# From Paul Eggert (
2013-
09-
04):
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
# keeping Berlin time.
#
# <https:
//www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in
1940 and left the island, but returned in
#
1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air attacks from Germans. In
1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called
"Atlantic City". Possibly
# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August
1941 by an
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
# <http:
//www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
# <http:
//www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
# expelled on
1942-
05-
14. However, small parties of Germans did
return,
# and according to Wilhelm Dege
's book "War North of 80" (1954)
# http:
//www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September
1945.
#
# All these events predate our cutoff date of
1970, so use Europe/Berlin
#
for these regions.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Germany
1946 only - Apr
14 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Germany
1946 only - Oct
7 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Germany
1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=
1 2:
00s
0 -
# http:
//www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
# occurred at
3:
00 MEZ, not the
2:
00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
# Go with the PTB.
Rule Germany
1947 only - Apr
6 3:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Germany
1947 only - May
11 2:
00s
2:
00 M
Rule Germany
1947 only - Jun
29 3:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Germany
1948 only - Apr
18 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Germany
1949 only - Apr
10 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule SovietZone
1945 only - May
24 2:
00 2:
00 M # Midsummer
Rule SovietZone
1945 only - Sep
24 3:
00 1:
00 S
Rule SovietZone
1945 only - Nov
18 2:
00s
0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Berlin
0:
53:
28 - LMT
1893 Apr
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1945 May
24 2:
00
1:
00 SovietZone CE%sT
1946
1:
00 Germany CE%sT
1980
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Georgia
# Please see the
"asia" file
for Asia/Tbilisi.
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.
45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
# Gibraltar
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -
0:
21:
24 - LMT
1880 Aug
2
0:
00 GB-Eire %s
1957 Apr
14 2:
00
1:
00 - CET
1982
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Greece
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives
1932 Jul
5 - Nov
1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Greece
1932 only - Jul
7 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Greece
1932 only - Sep
1 0:
00 0 -
# Whitman gives
1941 Apr
25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Greece
1941 only - Apr
7 0:
00 1:
00 S
# Whitman gives
1942 Feb
2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Greece
1942 only - Nov
2 3:
00 0 -
Rule Greece
1943 only - Mar
30 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Greece
1943 only - Oct
4 0:
00 0 -
# Whitman gives
1944 Oct
3 - Oct
31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Greece
1952 only - Jul
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Greece
1952 only - Nov
2 0:
00 0 -
Rule Greece
1975 only - Apr
12 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Greece
1975 only - Nov
26 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Greece
1976 only - Apr
11 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Greece
1976 only - Oct
10 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Greece
1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=
1 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Greece
1977 only - Sep
26 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Greece
1978 only - Sep
24 4:
00 0 -
Rule Greece
1979 only - Apr
1 9:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Greece
1979 only - Sep
29 2:
00 0 -
Rule Greece
1980 only - Apr
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Greece
1980 only - Sep
28 0:
00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Athens
1:
34:
52 - LMT
1895 Sep
14
1:
34:
52 - AMT
1916 Jul
28 0:
01 # Athens MT
2:
00 Greece EE%sT
1941 Apr
30
1:
00 Greece CE%sT
1944 Apr
4
2:
00 Greece EE%sT
1981
# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in
1981;
# go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan
1.
2:
00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
# From Michael Deckers (
2020-
06-
09):
# an Austrian encyclopedia of railroads of
1913, online at
# http:
//www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Eisenbahnzeit
# says that the
switch [to CET] happened on
1890-
11-
01.
# From Géza Nyáry (
2020-
06-
07):
# Data
for 1918-
1983 are based on the archive database of Library Hungaricana.
# The dates are collected from original, scanned governmental orders,
# bulletins, instructions and
public press.
# [See URLs below.]
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1918/?pg=238
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1919/?pg=808
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1920/?pg=201
Rule Hungary
1918 1919 - Apr
15 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Hungary
1918 1920 - Sep Mon>=
15 3:
00 0 -
Rule Hungary
1920 only - Apr
5 2:
00 1:
00 S
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1945/?pg=882
Rule Hungary
1945 only - May
1 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Hungary
1945 only - Nov
1 1:
00 0 -
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_03/?pg=49
Rule Hungary
1946 only - Mar
31 2:
00s
1:
00 S
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_09/?pg=54
Rule Hungary
1946 only - Oct
7 2:
00 0 -
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1947_04_1__001-123/?pg=90
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DunantuliNaplo_1947_09/?pg=128
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1948_03_3__001-123/?pg=304
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Zala_1948_09/?pg=64
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=53
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=160
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/UjSzo_1949_01-04/?pg=102
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KeletMagyarorszag_1949_03/?pg=96
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1949_09/?pg=94
Rule Hungary
1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=
4 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Hungary
1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=
1 2:
00s
0 -
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1954/?pg=513
Rule Hungary
1954 only - May
23 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Hungary
1954 only - Oct
3 0:
00 0 -
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1955/?pg=398
Rule Hungary
1955 only - May
22 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Hungary
1955 only - Oct
2 3:
00 0 -
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/HevesMegyeiNepujsag_1956_06/?pg=0
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/EszakMagyarorszag_1956_06/?pg=6
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SzolnokMegyeiNeplap_1957_04/?pg=120
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1957_09/?pg=143
Rule Hungary
1956 1957 - Jun Sun>=
1 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Hungary
1956 1957 - Sep lastSun
3:
00 0 -
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=189
Rule Hungary
1980 only - Apr
6 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Hungary
1980 only - Sep
28 1:
00 0 -
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=1227
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1981_01/?pg=79
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1982/?pg=115
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1983/?pg=85
Rule Hungary
1981 1983 - Mar lastSun
0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Hungary
1981 1983 - Sep lastSun
1:
00 0 -
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Budapest
1:
16:
20 - LMT
1890 Nov
1
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1918
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1941/?pg=1204
# https:
//library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1942/?pg=3955
1:
00 Hungary CE%sT
1941 Apr
7 23:
00
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1945
1:
00 Hungary CE%sT
1984
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Italy
# San Marino
# Vatican City
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2001-
03-
06):
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from
1866 to
1893,
# called Palermo Time (+
00:
53:
28) and Cagliari Time (+
00:
36:
32).
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
# But these events all occurred before the
1970 cutoff,
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
# From Stephen Trainor (
2019-
05-
06):
# http:
//www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm
# ... the [
1866] law went into effect on
12 December
1866, rather than
# the date of the decree (
22 Sep
1866)
# https:
//web.archive.org/web/20070824155341/http://www.iav.it/planetario/didastro/didastro/english.htm
# ...
"In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze,
# Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting
# the average time of Rome (even
if this city was not yet part of the
# kingdom). On the
12th December
1866, on the starting of the winter time
# table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph,
# not only
for the internal service but also
for the
public.... Milano set
# the
public watches on the Rome time on the same day (
12th December
1866),
# Torino and Bologna on the
1st January
1867, Venezia the
1st May
1880 and the
# last city was Cagliari in
1886.
"
#
# From Luigi Rosa (
2019-
05-
07):
#
this is the scan of the decree:
# http:
//www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/filopanti/1866c.jpg
#
# From Michael Deckers (
2016-
10-
24):
# http:
//www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
# ... [translated as]
"The preceding dispositions will enter into
# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
# the
1st article, the
1st of November
1893 will begin....
"
#
# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (
2016-
10-
20):
# The authoritative source
for time in Italy is the national metrological
# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
# http:
//www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
# [now at http:
//oldsite.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml as of 2017]
# (
2016-
10-
24):
# http:
//www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
# has still different data
for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as
# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
#
# From Brian Inglis (
2016-
10-
23):
# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE.
14 September
1944, no.
219.
# Restoration of Standard Time. (
044U0219) (OJ
62 of
30.
9.
1944) ...
# Given the R. law decreed on
1944-
03-
29, no.
92, by which standard time is
# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on
1944-
04-
02; ...
# Starting at hour three on the date
1944-
09-
17 standard time will be resumed.
#
# From Alois Treindl (
2019-
07-
02):
# I spent
6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper,
#
for 1 and
2 April
1944. The edition of
2 April has
this note:
"Tonight at 2
# am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between
# today and Monday the
'ora legale' will come in force again.
" That makes it
# clear that in Rome the change was on Monday,
3 April
1944 at
2 am.
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2021-
10-
05):
# Go with INRiM
for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis
for 1944
#
for the Kingdom of Italy.
This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
# Model Rome
's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
# to
1944-
06-
04; although Rome was an open city during
this period, it
# was effectively controlled by Germany. Using C-Eur is consistent
# with Treindl
's comment about Rome in April 1944, as the "Rule Italy"
# lines during German occupation
do not affect Europe/Rome
# (though they
do affect Europe/Malta).
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Italy
1916 only - Jun
3 24:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1916 1917 - Sep
30 24:
00 0 -
Rule Italy
1917 only - Mar
31 24:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1918 only - Mar
9 24:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1918 only - Oct
6 24:
00 0 -
Rule Italy
1919 only - Mar
1 24:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1919 only - Oct
4 24:
00 0 -
Rule Italy
1920 only - Mar
20 24:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1920 only - Sep
18 24:
00 0 -
Rule Italy
1940 only - Jun
14 24:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1942 only - Nov
2 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1943 only - Mar
29 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1943 only - Oct
4 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1944 only - Apr
2 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1944 only - Sep
17 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1945 only - Apr
2 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1945 only - Sep
15 1:
00 0 -
Rule Italy
1946 only - Mar
17 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1946 only - Oct
6 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1947 only - Mar
16 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1947 only - Oct
5 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1948 only - Feb
29 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1948 only - Oct
3 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1966 1968 - May Sun>=
22 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1966 only - Sep
24 24:
00 0 -
Rule Italy
1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=
22 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1969 only - Jun
1 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1970 only - May
31 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1970 only - Sep lastSun
0:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1971 1972 - May Sun>=
22 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1971 only - Sep lastSun
0:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1972 only - Oct
1 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1973 only - Jun
3 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1973 1974 - Sep lastSun
0:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1974 only - May
26 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1975 only - Jun
1 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1975 1977 - Sep lastSun
0:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1976 only - May
30 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1977 1979 - May Sun>=
22 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Italy
1978 only - Oct
1 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Italy
1979 only - Sep
30 0:
00s
0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Rome
0:
49:
56 - LMT
1866 Dec
12
0:
49:
56 - RMT
1893 Oct
31 23:
00u # Rome Mean
1:
00 Italy CE%sT
1943 Sep
10
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Jun
4
1:
00 Italy CE%sT
1980
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Latvia
# From Liene Kanepe (
1998-
09-
17):
# I asked about
this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from
1981....
#
# Act No.
35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of
1981-
01-
22 ...
# according to the Act No.
925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of
1980-
10-
24
# ...: all year round the time of
2nd time zone +
1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock
1 hour forward on
1 April at
00:
00 (GMT
31 March
21:
00)
# and
1 hour backward on the
1 October at
00:
00 (GMT
30 September
20:
00).
#
# Act No.
592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of
1984-
09-
24 ...
# according to the Act No.
967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of
1984-
09-
13
# ...: all year round the time of
2nd time zone +
1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock
1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at
02:
00
# (GMT
23:
00 on the previous day) and
1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
# September at
03:
00 (GMT
23:
00 on the previous day).
#
# Act No.
81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of
1989-
03-
22 ...
# according to the Act No.
227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of
1989-
03-
14
# ...: since the last Sunday of March
1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
# time of
2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at
02:
00
# (GMT
00:
00), turning the hands of the clock
1 hour forward. The end of
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at
03:
00
# (GMT
00:
00), turning the hands of the clock
1 hour backward. Exception is
#
1989-
03-
26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
#
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
#
1997-
01-
21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
# From Andrei Ivanov (
2000-
03-
06):
#
This year Latvia will not
switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
#
29-Feb-
2000 (No.
79) <http:
//www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
# in Latvian
for subscribers only).
# From RFE/RL Newsline
# http:
//www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
# (
2001-
01-
03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
# The Latvian government on
2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time
this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
# Commission directive that provides
for instituting daylight-saving
# time in EU countries between
2002 and
2006. The Latvian government
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
# appears that they will not
do so....
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Latvia
1989 1996 - Mar lastSun
2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Latvia
1989 1996 - Sep lastSun
2:
00s
0 -
# Milne
1899 says Riga was
1:
36:
28 (Polytechnique House time).
# Byalokoz
1919 says Latvia was
1:
36:
34.
# Go with Byalokoz.
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Riga
1:
36:
34 - LMT
1880
1:
36:
34 - RMT
1918 Apr
15 2:
00 # Riga MT
1:
36:
34 1:
00 LST
1918 Sep
16 3:
00 # Latvian ST
1:
36:
34 - RMT
1919 Apr
1 2:
00
1:
36:
34 1:
00 LST
1919 May
22 3:
00
1:
36:
34 - RMT
1926 May
11
2:
00 - EET
1940 Aug
5
3:
00 - MSK
1941 Jul
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Oct
13
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1989 Mar lastSun
2:
00s
2:
00 1:
00 EEST
1989 Sep lastSun
2:
00s
2:
00 Latvia EE%sT
1997 Jan
21
2:
00 EU EE%sT
2000 Feb
29
2:
00 - EET
2001 Jan
2
2:
00 EU EE%sT
# Lithuania
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
03-
18):
# The
1989 transition is from USSR act No.
227 (
1989-
03-
14).
# From Paul Eggert (
1996-
11-
22):
# IATA SSIM (
1992/
1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it
's wrong here too.
# From Marius Gedminas (
1998-
08-
07):
# I would like to inform that in
this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
# From ELTA No.
972 (
2582) (
1999-
09-
29) <http:
//www.elta.lt/>,
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October
31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia.
# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
# <http:
//www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
# Local time is GMT+
2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
# From a user via Klaus Marten (
2003-
02-
07):
# As a candidate
for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# observe Summer Time in
2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
# down in EU Directive
2000/
84 of
19.I.
01 (i.e. at the same times as its
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
#
7.XI.
02 to
this effect can be found at
# http:
//www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vilnius
1:
41:
16 - LMT
1880
1:
24:
00 - WMT
1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1:
35:
36 - KMT
1919 Oct
10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1:
00 - CET
1920 Jul
12
2:
00 - EET
1920 Oct
9
1:
00 - CET
1940 Aug
3
3:
00 - MSK
1941 Jun
24
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Aug
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1989 Mar
26 2:
00s
2:
00 Russia EE%sT
1991 Sep
29 2:
00s
2:
00 C-Eur EE%sT
1998
2:
00 - EET
1998 Mar
29 1:
00u
1:
00 EU CE%sT
1999 Oct
31 1:
00u
2:
00 - EET
2003 Jan
1
2:
00 EU EE%sT
# Malta
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
10-
21):
# Assume
1900-
1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Malta
1973 only - Mar
31 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Malta
1973 only - Sep
29 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Malta
1974 only - Apr
21 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Malta
1974 only - Sep
16 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Malta
1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=
15 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Malta
1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=
15 2:
00 0 -
Rule Malta
1980 only - Mar
31 2:
00 1:
00 S
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Malta
0:
58:
04 - LMT
1893 Nov
2 # Valletta
1:
00 Italy CE%sT
1973 Mar
31
1:
00 Malta CE%sT
1981
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Moldova
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
03-
07):
# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr.
132 from
1990-
05-
04
# http:
//lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
# ... says that since
1990-
05-
06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
# plus one hour of the
"summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
# adjusted one hour backwards at
1990-
05-
06 2:
00. After that
"summer"
# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at
3:
00 and
# reintroduced last Sunday of March at
2:
00.
# From Paul Eggert (
2006-
03-
22):
# A previous version of
this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on
1992-
01-
19 at
02:
00.
# However,
this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
# on
1991-
08-
27 (the
1992-
01-
19 date is that of a Russian decree).
# In early
1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it
's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But [two people] separately reported via
# Jesper Nørgaard that as of
2001-
01-
24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed
for now.
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2011-
10-
17):
# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
#
"Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
# to the Winter Time).
#
# News (in Russian):
# http:
//www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
# http:
//www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
#
# The substance of
this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (
2011-
10-
17)
#
# From Tim Parenti (
2011-
10-
19)
# In addition, being situated at +
4651+
2938 would give Tiraspol
# a pre-
1880 LMT offset of
1:
58:
32.
#
# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2011-
10-
26)
# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at
this point.
# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
# decision to abolish DST
this winter.
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October
30,
2011.
# News from Moldova (in russian):
# https:
//ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
# From Roman Tudos (
2015-
07-
02):
# http:
//lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
# From Paul Eggert (
2015-
07-
01):
# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-
868/
2014 states that
#
2014-
10-
26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
# https:
//www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
# says the
2014-
03-
30 spring-forward transition was at
02:
00 local time.
# Guess that since
1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Moldova
1997 max - Mar lastSun
2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Moldova
1997 max - Oct lastSun
3:
00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Chisinau
1:
55:
20 - LMT
1880
1:
55 - CMT
1918 Feb
15 # Chisinau MT
1:
44:
24 - BMT
1931 Jul
24 # Bucharest MT
2:
00 Romania EE%sT
1940 Aug
15
2:
00 1:
00 EEST
1941 Jul
17
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Aug
24
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1990 May
6 2:
00
2:
00 Russia EE%sT
1992
2:
00 E-Eur EE%sT
1997
# See Romania commentary
for the guessed
1997 transition to EU rules.
2:
00 Moldova EE%sT
# Poland
# The
1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr
1 (
1919-
03-
20),
# <http:
//www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland
1918 1919 - Sep
16 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Poland
1919 only - Apr
15 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1944 only - Apr
3 2:
00s
1:
00 S
# Whitman gives
1944 Nov
30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Poland
1944 only - Oct
4 2:
00 0 -
#
For 1944-
1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Poland
1945 only - Apr
29 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1945 only - Nov
1 0:
00 0 -
#
For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
# Toruń Center
for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# https:
//www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (
2005-
05-
28)
for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr
13, poz
162 (
1995) <http:
//www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr
2180 (
2003) <http:
//www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule Poland
1946 only - Apr
14 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1946 only - Oct
7 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Poland
1947 only - May
4 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=
1 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Poland
1948 only - Apr
18 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1949 only - Apr
10 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1957 only - Jun
2 1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1957 1958 - Sep lastSun
1:
00s
0 -
Rule Poland
1958 only - Mar
30 1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1959 only - May
31 1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=
1 1:
00s
0 -
Rule Poland
1960 only - Apr
3 1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1961 1964 - May lastSun
1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Poland
1962 1964 - Sep lastSun
1:
00s
0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Warsaw
1:
24:
00 - LMT
1880
1:
24:
00 - WMT
1915 Aug
5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1918 Sep
16 3:
00
2:
00 Poland EE%sT
1922 Jun
1:
00 Poland CE%sT
1940 Jun
23 2:
00
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Oct
1:
00 Poland CE%sT
1977
1:
00 W-Eur CE%sT
1988
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Portugal
# From Paul Eggert (
2014-
08-
11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
# According to a Portuguese decree (
1911-
05-
26)
# https:
//dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# Lisbon was at -
0:
36:
44.
68, but switched to GMT on
1912-
01-
01 at
00:
00.
#
# From Michael Deckers (
2018-
02-
15):
# article
5 [of the
1911 decree; Deckers
's translation] ...:
# These dispositions shall enter into force at the instant at which,
# according to the
2nd article, the civil day January
1,
1912 begins,
# all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ...
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (
1992-
11-
12):
# Portugal has recently (September,
27) changed timezone
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
#
# Martin Bruckmann (
1996-
02-
29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to
0:
00 by not moving its clocks
this spring.
# The
new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
#
# From Paul Eggert (
1996-
11-
12):
# IATA SSIM (
1991-
09) reports several
1991-
09 and
1992-
09 transitions
# at
02:
00u, not
01:
00u. Assume that these are typos.
# IATA SSIM (
1991/
1992) reports that the Azores were at -
1:
00.
# IATA SSIM (
1993-
02) says +
0:
00; later issues (through
1996-
09) say -
1:
00.
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in
1992 (since that
's when Portugal
# harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +
0:
00 that winter.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# DSH writes that despite Decree
1,
469 (
1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port
1916 only - Jun
17 23:
00 1:
00 S
# Whitman gives
1916 Oct
31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port
1916 only - Nov
1 1:
00 0 -
Rule Port
1917 only - Feb
28 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1917 1921 - Oct
14 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1918 only - Mar
1 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1919 only - Feb
28 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1920 only - Feb
29 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1921 only - Feb
28 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1924 only - Apr
16 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1924 only - Oct
14 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1926 only - Apr
17 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=
1 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1927 only - Apr
9 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1928 only - Apr
14 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1929 only - Apr
20 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1931 only - Apr
18 23:
00s
1:
00 S
# Whitman gives
1931 Oct
8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port
1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=
1 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1932 only - Apr
2 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1934 only - Apr
7 23:
00s
1:
00 S
# Whitman gives
1934 Oct
5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port
1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=
1 23:
00s
0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give
1935 Apr
30; go with Whitman.
Rule Port
1935 only - Mar
30 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1936 only - Apr
18 23:
00s
1:
00 S
# Whitman gives
1937 Apr
2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port
1937 only - Apr
3 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1938 only - Mar
26 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1939 only - Apr
15 23:
00s
1:
00 S
# Whitman gives
1939 Oct
7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port
1939 only - Nov
18 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1940 only - Feb
24 23:
00s
1:
00 S
# Shanks & Pottenger give
1940 Oct
7; go with Whitman.
Rule Port
1940 1941 - Oct
5 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1941 only - Apr
5 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=
8 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1942 only - Apr
25 22:
00s
2:
00 M # Midsummer
Rule Port
1942 only - Aug
15 22:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=
24 23:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1943 only - Apr
17 22:
00s
2:
00 M
Rule Port
1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=
25 22:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=
21 22:
00s
2:
00 M
Rule Port
1946 only - Apr Sat>=
1 23:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1946 only - Oct Sat>=
1 23:
00s
0 -
# Whitman says DST was not observed in
1950; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun
for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port
1947 1965 - Apr Sun>=
1 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1947 1965 - Oct Sun>=
1 2:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1977 only - Mar
27 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1977 only - Sep
25 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=
1 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1978 only - Oct
1 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1979 1982 - Sep lastSun
1:
00s
0 -
Rule Port
1980 only - Mar lastSun
0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1981 1982 - Mar lastSun
1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Port
1983 only - Mar lastSun
2:
00s
1:
00 S
#
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#STDOFF -
0:
36:
44.
68
Zone Europe/Lisbon -
0:
36:
45 - LMT
1884
-
0:
36:
45 - LMT
1912 Jan
1 0:
00u # Lisbon MT
0:
00 Port WE%sT
1966 Apr
3 2:
00
1:
00 - CET
1976 Sep
26 1:
00
0:
00 Port WE%sT
1983 Sep
25 1:
00s
0:
00 W-Eur WE%sT
1992 Sep
27 1:
00s
1:
00 EU CE%sT
1996 Mar
31 1:
00u
0:
00 EU WE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Azores -
1:
42:
40 - LMT
1884 # Ponta Delgada
-
1:
54:
32 - HMT
1912 Jan
1 2:
00u # Horta MT
# Vanguard section,
for zic and other parsers that support %z.
# -
2:
00 Port %z
1966 Apr
3 2:
00
# -
1:
00 Port %z
1983 Sep
25 1:
00s
# -
1:
00 W-Eur %z
1992 Sep
27 1:
00s
# Rearguard section,
for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-
2:
00 Port -
02/-
01 1942 Apr
25 22:
00s
-
2:
00 Port +
00 1942 Aug
15 22:
00s
-
2:
00 Port -
02/-
01 1943 Apr
17 22:
00s
-
2:
00 Port +
00 1943 Aug
28 22:
00s
-
2:
00 Port -
02/-
01 1944 Apr
22 22:
00s
-
2:
00 Port +
00 1944 Aug
26 22:
00s
-
2:
00 Port -
02/-
01 1945 Apr
21 22:
00s
-
2:
00 Port +
00 1945 Aug
25 22:
00s
-
2:
00 Port -
02/-
01 1966 Apr
3 2:
00
-
1:
00 Port -
01/+
00 1983 Sep
25 1:
00s
-
1:
00 W-Eur -
01/+
00 1992 Sep
27 1:
00s
# End of rearguard section.
0:
00 EU WE%sT
1993 Mar
28 1:
00u
-
1:
00 EU -
01/+
00
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -
1:
07:
36 - LMT
1884 # Funchal
-
1:
07:
36 - FMT
1912 Jan
1 1:
00u # Funchal MT
# Vanguard section,
for zic and other parsers that support %z.
# -
1:
00 Port %z
1966 Apr
3 2:
00
# Rearguard section,
for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk.
-
1:
00 Port -
01/+
00 1942 Apr
25 22:
00s
-
1:
00 Port +
01 1942 Aug
15 22:
00s
-
1:
00 Port -
01/+
00 1943 Apr
17 22:
00s
-
1:
00 Port +
01 1943 Aug
28 22:
00s
-
1:
00 Port -
01/+
00 1944 Apr
22 22:
00s
-
1:
00 Port +
01 1944 Aug
26 22:
00s
-
1:
00 Port -
01/+
00 1945 Apr
21 22:
00s
-
1:
00 Port +
01 1945 Aug
25 22:
00s
-
1:
00 Port -
01/+
00 1966 Apr
3 2:
00
# End of rearguard section.
0:
00 Port WE%sT
1983 Sep
25 1:
00s
0:
00 EU WE%sT
# Romania
#
# From Paul Eggert (
1999-
10-
07):
# Nine O
'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
# (
1998-
10-
23) reports that the
switch occurred at
#
04:
00 local time in fall
1998.
For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in
1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Romania
1932 only - May
21 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Romania
1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=
1 0:
00s
0 -
Rule Romania
1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=
2 0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Romania
1979 only - May
27 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Romania
1979 only - Sep lastSun
0:
00 0 -
Rule Romania
1980 only - Apr
5 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Romania
1980 only - Sep lastSun
1:
00 0 -
Rule Romania
1991 1993 - Mar lastSun
0:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Romania
1991 1993 - Sep lastSun
0:
00s
0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Bucharest
1:
44:
24 - LMT
1891 Oct
1:
44:
24 - BMT
1931 Jul
24 # Bucharest MT
2:
00 Romania EE%sT
1981 Mar
29 2:
00s
2:
00 C-Eur EE%sT
1991
2:
00 Romania EE%sT
1994
2:
00 E-Eur EE%sT
1997
2:
00 EU EE%sT
# Russia
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2011-
09-
15):
# Based on last Russian Government Decree No.
725 on August
31,
2011
# (Government document
# http:
//www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
# in Russian)
# there are few corrections have to be made
for some Russian time zones...
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
# http:
//www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
# From Sanjeev Gupta (
2011-
09-
27):
# Scans of [Decree No.
23 of January
8,
1992] are available at:
# http:
//government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
# From Arthur David Olson (
2012-
05-
09):
# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
# changed in September
2011:
#
# One source is
# http:
//government.ru/gov/results/16355/
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins
"Decree of August 31,
#
2011 No.
725" and contains no other dates or "effective date
" information.
#
# Another source is
# https:
//rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins
"Resolution of the
# Government of the Russian Federation on August
31,
2011 N
725" and also
# contains
"Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
# in the
'RG' - Federal Issue No.
5573 September
6,
2011" but which
# does not contain any
"effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
# https:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
# which, in note
8, contains
"Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
# Effective as of after
7 days following the day of the official publication
"
# but which does not contain any reference to September
6,
2011.
#
# The Wikipedia article refers to
# http:
//base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
#
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia
's
#
"as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# with www.rg.ru
's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
# get September
13,
2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
# Conradi notes).
#
# None of the sources indicates a time of day
for changing clocks.
#
# Go with
2011-
09-
13 0:
00s.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2014-
07-
01):
# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
# http:
//en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
# winter time standard and
return Russia
11 time zones. The
new
# regulations will come into effect on October
26,
2014 at
02:
00 ...
# http:
//asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
#
431985-
6) with proposed
11 Russian time zones and corresponding
# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
# http:
//www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2014-
07-
22):
# Putin signed the Federal Law
431985-
6 ... (in Russian)
# http:
//itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
# http:
//www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
# http:
//www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
# From October
26,
2014 the
new Russian time zone map will look like
this:
# http:
//www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
# From Paul Eggert (
2006-
03-
22):
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after
1919-
07-
01, and Moscow rules after
1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov
's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
#
23:
00, not Sun
02:
00s.
#
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (
1994-
06-
29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is
3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I
do not know why they have decided to make
this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not
switch.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov (
1996-
10-
04):
#
'MSK' and
'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
# (used mainly
for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
#
# From Chris Carrier (
1996-
10-
30):
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
# Moscow to Irkutsk in
1995,
public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
#
For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski,
"Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (
2001-
02-
07):
# News - often
false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put
this whole city out of sync with
# the rest of Russia
for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (
2001-
06-
05):
# There
's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
# UTC+
11, and has changed to UTC+
10, in
this decade. I start with the
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
# until February
1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
# since September
1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast
', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+
11 along with Magadan.
# From Marat Nigametzianov (
2018-
07-
16):
#
this is link to order from
1956 about timezone in USSR
# http:
//astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2018-
07-
16):
# Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it
# to correct our data
for the ex-Soviet Union. It cites the following:
# «Поясное время и новые границы часовых поясов» / сост. П.Н. Долгов,
# отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных
# приборов при Совете Министров СССР, Междуведомственная комиссия
# единой службы времени,
1956 г.
#
This book looks like it would be a helpful resource
for the Soviet
# Union through
1956. Although a copy was in the Scientific Library
# of Tomsk State University, I have not been able to track down a copy nearby.
#
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2018-
07-
21):
# http:
//astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territorii-sssr-v-1957-godu-center/
# says that the
1956 decision to change time belts
' borders was not
# implemented as planned in
1956 and the change happened in
1957.
# There is also the problem that actual time zones were different from
# the official time belts (and from many time belts
' maps) as there were
# numerous exceptions to application of time belt rules.
For example,
# https:
//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток
# says that by
1962 there were many regions in the
3rd time belt that
# were on Moscow time, referring to a
1962 map. By
1989 number of such
# exceptions grew considerably.
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
06):
# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
# listing. The region codes listed come from
# https:
//en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
# and are used
for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
# future stability. ISO
3166-
2:RU codes are also listed
for first-level
# divisions where available.
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03):
# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
#
39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
# From Paul Eggert (
2019-
07-
25):
# Although Shanks lists
1945-
01-
01 as the date
for transition from
# +
01/+
02 to +
02/+
03, more likely
this is a placeholder. Guess that
# the transition occurred at
1945-
04-
10 00:
00, which is about when
# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.)
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
03-
18):
# The
1989 transition is from USSR act No.
227 (
1989-
03-
14).
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
03-
07):
# http:
//www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
# confirms that the
1989 change to Moscow-
1 was implemented.
# (The article, though, is misattributed to
1990 while saying that
# summer->winter transition would be done on the
24 of September. But
#
1990-
09-
24 was Monday,
while 1989-
09-
24 was Sunday as expected.)
# ...
# http:
//www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-
1 on
1989-
03-
26, avoided
# at the last moment
switch to Moscow-
1 on
1991-
03-
31, switched to
# Moscow on
1991-
11-
03, switched to Moscow-
1 on
1992-
01-
19.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad
1:
22:
00 - LMT
1893 Apr
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1945 Apr
10
2:
00 Poland EE%sT
1946 Apr
7
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1989 Mar
26 2:
00s
2:
00 Russia EE%sT
2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
3:
00 - +
03 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
2:
00 - EET
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
02-
21), per Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03) and
# Oscar van Vlijmen (
2001-
08-
25):
# Europe/Moscow covers...
#
01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
#
05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
#
06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
#
07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
#
08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
#
09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
#
10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
#
11 RU-KO Komi Republic
#
12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
#
13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
#
15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
#
16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
#
20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
#
21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
#
23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
#
26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
#
29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
#
31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
#
32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
#
33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
#
35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
#
36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
#
37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
#
40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
#
44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
#
46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
#
47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
#
48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
#
50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
#
51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
#
52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
#
53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
#
57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
#
58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
#
60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
#
61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
#
62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
#
67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
#
68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
#
69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
#
71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
#
76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
#
77 RU-MOW Moscow
#
78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
#
83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
08-
23):
# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in
1919. Decree No.
59
# (
1919-
02-
08) http:
//istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
# zones, and Decree No.
147 (
1919-
03-
29) http:
//istmat.info/node/35854
# specified a transition date of
1919-
07-
01, apparently at
00:
00 UT.
# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky
for pointers to the decrees.)
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
03-
07):
#
11. Regions-violators,
1981-
1982.
# Wikipedia refers to
# http:
//maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
# http:
//besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
#
# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
# magazine No.
3,
1981 and a scan of the
short article attributed to
# the Trud newspaper from February
1982. The first link provides the
# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
# time belt changes map).
#
# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
# introduction of summer time on
1981-
04-
01 there are some time belt
# border changes on
1981-
10-
01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that
#
"time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
#
1981-
10-
01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
# supposed to repeat that move in October
1982 to account
for the
2
# hour difference.) Map depicting
"time violators" before
1981-
10-
01
# is also provided.
#
# The article from Trud says that
1981-
10-
01 changes caused problems
# and some territories would be moved to pre-
1981-
10-
01 time by not
# moving to summer time on
1982-
04-
01. Namely: Dagestan,
# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous
# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
# up on Moscow+
4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+
2 and the rest on Moscow
# time.
#
# http:
//astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
# attributes the
1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
# of the USSR No.
126 from
18.
02.
1982.
1980-
925.txt also adds
# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously.
#
# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
#
#
12. Udmurtia
# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
# Kuybyshev before
1981-
10-
01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the
1989 act.
# http:
//astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after
1982-
04-
01.
# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+
1 until
1991.
#
# ...
#
# All Russian zones are supposed to have by
default a -
1 change at
#
1991-
03-
31 2:
00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +
1
# change at
1992-
01-
19 2:
00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
#
# There were some exceptions, though.
# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions
for the
1992
# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
# lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
#
# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
# http:
//www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception
2 days before the
#
1991-
03-
31 switch and one person at
# https:
//izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the
1992-
01-
19 exception
#
2 days before the
switch.
#
# From Alois Treindl (
2022-
02-
15):
# the Russian wikipedia page
# https:
//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток
# contains the sentence (in Google translation)
"In the autumn of
#
1981, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Ryazan,
# Lipetsk, Voronezh, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar and regions to the east
# of those named (about
30 in total) parted ways with Moscow time.
# However, the convenience of common time with Moscow turned out to be
# decisive - in
1982, these regions again switched to Moscow time.
"
# Shanks International atlas has similar information, and also the
# Russian book Zaitsev A., Kutalev D. A
new astrologer
's reference
# book. Coordinates of cities and time corrections, - The World of
# Urania,
2012 (Russian: Зайцев А., Куталёв Д., Новый справочник
# астролога. Координаты городов и временные поправки).
# To me it seems that an extra zone is needed, which starts with LMT
# util
1919, later follows Moscow since
1930, but deviates from it
# between
1 October
1981 until
1 April
1982.
#
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2022-
02-
15):
# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries
for the
# chaotic early
1980s in Russia. It
's not clear what these entries
# should be.
For now, sweep
this under the rug and just document the
# time in Moscow.
# From Vladimir Karpinsky (
2014-
07-
08):
# LMT in Moscow (before Jul
3,
1916) is
2:
30:
17, that was defined by Moscow
# Observatory (coordinates:
55°
45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.
30")....
# LMT in Moscow since Jul
3,
1916 is
2:
31:
01 as a result of
new standard.
# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p.
18.)
# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In
1916 LMT Moscow
# was
synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+
30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
# coordinates:
59°
46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.
70") so 30° 19' 40.70" >
#
2h01m18.
7s =
2:
01:
19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg +
30m
2:
01:
19 +
0:
30 =
#
2:
31:
19 ...
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2014-
07-
08):
# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (
1895).
# Presumably
this is OCLC
85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
# Russian and French.
This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
Zone Europe/Moscow
2:
30:
17 - LMT
1880
2:
30:
17 - MMT
1916 Jul
3 # Moscow Mean Time
2:
31:
19 Russia %s
1919 Jul
1 0:
00u
3:
00 Russia %s
1921 Oct
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1922 Oct
2:
00 - EET
1930 Jun
21
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
2:
00 Russia EE%sT
1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
4:
00 - MSK
2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
3:
00 - MSK
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
12-
06):
# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
Zone Europe/Simferopol
2:
16:
24 - LMT
1880
2:
16 - SMT
1924 May
2 # Simferopol Mean T
2:
00 - EET
1930 Jun
21
3:
00 - MSK
1941 Nov
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1944 Apr
13
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1990
3:
00 - MSK
1990 Jul
1 2:
00
2:
00 - EET
1992 Mar
20
# Central Crimea used Moscow time
1994/
1997.
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2022-
07-
21):
# The _Economist_ (
1994-
05-
28, p
45) reported that central Crimea switched
# from Kyiv to Moscow time sometime after the January
1994 elections.
# Shanks (
1999) says
"date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
# sometime between the
1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
#
1994-
09-
25 03:
00, but that can
't be right. For now, guess it
# changed in May.
This change evidently didn
't last long; see below.
2:
00 C-Eur EE%sT
1994 May
# From IATA SSIM (
1994/
1997), which also said that Kerch is still like Kyiv.
3:
00 C-Eur MSK/MSD
1996 Mar
31 0:
00s
3:
00 1:
00 MSD
1996 Oct
27 3:
00s
# IATA SSIM (
1997-
09) said Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
3:
00 - MSK
1997 Mar lastSun
1:
00u
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2014-
03-
17):
# time change at
2:
00 (
2am) on March
30,
2014
# https:
//vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
# From Tim Parenti (
2022-
07-
01), per Paul Eggert (
2014-
03-
30):
# The clocks at the railway station in Simferopol were put forward from
22:
00
# to
24:
00 the previous day in a
"symbolic ceremony"; however, per
# contemporaneous news reports,
"ordinary Crimeans [made] the daylight savings
# time
switch at
2am
" on Sunday.
# https:
//www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/crimea-to-set-clocks-to-russia-time-114033000014_1.html
# https:
//www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-time/crimea-switches-to-moscow-time-amid-incorporation-frenzy-idUKBREA2S0LT20140329
# https:
//www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-26806583
2:
00 EU EE%sT
2014 Mar
30 2:
00
4:
00 - MSK
2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
3:
00 - MSK
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
03-
18):
# Europe/Astrakhan covers:
#
30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
#
# The
1989 transition is from USSR act No.
227 (
1989-
03-
14).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2016-
01-
12):
# On February
10,
2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
# Council to change its time zone to UTC+
4 (from current UTC+
3 Moscow time)....
#
This Federal Law shall enter into force on
27 March
2016 at
02:
00.
# From Matt Johnson (
2016-
03-
09):
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
Zone Europe/Astrakhan
3:
12:
12 - LMT
1924 May
3:
00 - +
03 1930 Jun
21
4:
00 Russia +
04/+
05 1989 Mar
26 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 1992 Mar
29 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
3:
00 - +
03 2016 Mar
27 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
11-
11):
# Europe/Volgograd covers:
#
34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
# The
1988 transition is from USSR act No.
5 (
1988-
01-
04).
# From Alexander Fetisov (
2018-
09-
20):
# Volgograd region in southern Russia (Europe/Volgograd) change
# timezone from UTC+
3 to UTC+
4 from
28oct2018.
# http:
//sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7
#
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2018-
10-
11):
# The law has been published today on
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201810110037
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2020-
11-
27):
# The State Duma approved (Nov
24,
2020) the transition of the Volgograd
# region to the Moscow time zone....
# https:
//sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1012130-7
#
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2020-
12-
05):
# Currently proposed text
for the second reading (expected on December
8) ...
# changes the date to December
27. https:
//v1.ru/text/gorod/2020/12/04/69601031/
#
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2020-
12-
22):
# The law was published today on
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220002
Zone Europe/Volgograd
2:
57:
40 - LMT
1920 Jan
3
3:
00 - +
03 1930 Jun
21
4:
00 - +
04 1961 Nov
11
4:
00 Russia +
04/+
05 1988 Mar
27 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 1992 Mar
29 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
3:
00 - +
03 2018 Oct
28 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 2020 Dec
27 2:
00s
3:
00 - +
03
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
11-
11):
# Europe/Saratov covers:
#
64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
# From Yuri Konotopov (
2016-
11-
11):
# Dec
4,
2016 02:
00 UTC+
3.... Saratov Region
's local time will be ... UTC+4.
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
11-
11):
# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on
03:
04:
18.
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
11-
22):
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
Zone Europe/Saratov
3:
04:
18 - LMT
1919 Jul
1 0:
00u
3:
00 - +
03 1930 Jun
21
4:
00 Russia +
04/+
05 1988 Mar
27 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 1992 Mar
29 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
3:
00 - +
03 2016 Dec
4 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
03-
18):
# Europe/Kirov covers:
#
43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
# The
1989 transition is from USSR act No.
227 (
1989-
03-
14).
#
Zone Europe/Kirov
3:
18:
48 - LMT
1919 Jul
1 0:
00u
3:
00 - +
03 1930 Jun
21
4:
00 Russia +
04/+
05 1989 Mar
26 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 1992 Mar
29 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
3:
00 - +
03
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (
2001-
08-
25):
# Europe/Samara covers...
#
18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
#
63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
03-
18):
# Byalokoz
1919 says Samara was
3:
20:
20.
# The
1989 transition is from USSR act No.
227 (
1989-
03-
14).
Zone Europe/Samara
3:
20:
20 - LMT
1919 Jul
1 0:
00u
3:
00 - +
03 1930 Jun
21
4:
00 - +
04 1935 Jan
27
4:
00 Russia +
04/+
05 1989 Mar
26 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
2:
00 Russia +
02/+
03 1991 Sep
29 2:
00s
3:
00 - +
03 1991 Oct
20 3:
00
4:
00 Russia +
04/+
05 2010 Mar
28 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
03-
18):
# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
#
73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
# The
1989 transition is from USSR act No.
227 (
1989-
03-
14).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2016-
02-
17):
# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March
27,
2016 at
2am.
# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+
1 (UTC+
3 to UTC+
4) ...
#
920582-
6 ...
02/
17/
2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
# From Matt Johnson (
2016-
03-
09):
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk
3:
13:
36 - LMT
1919 Jul
1 0:
00u
3:
00 - +
03 1930 Jun
21
4:
00 Russia +
04/+
05 1989 Mar
26 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
2:
00 Russia +
02/+
03 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
3:
00 Russia +
03/+
04 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
3:
00 - +
03 2016 Mar
27 2:
00s
4:
00 - +
04
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (
2001-
08-
25):
# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
#
02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
#
90 RU-PER Perm Krai
#
45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
#
56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
#
66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
#
72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
#
74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
#
86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
#
89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
#
# Note: Effective
2005-
12-
01, (
59) Perm Oblast and (
81) Komi-Permyak
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (
90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
# Milne says Yekaterinburg was
4:
02:
32.
9.
# Byalokoz
1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at
3:
45:
05.
# Assume it switched on
1916-
07-
03, the time of the
new standard.
# The
1919 and
1930 transitions are from Shanks.
#STDOFF
4:
02:
32.
9
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg
4:
02:
33 - LMT
1916 Jul
3
3:
45:
05 - PMT
1919 Jul
15 4:
00
4:
00 - +
04 1930 Jun
21
5:
00 Russia +
05/+
06 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
4:
00 Russia +
04/+
05 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
5:
00 Russia +
05/+
06 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
6:
00 - +
06 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
5:
00 - +
05
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (
2001-
08-
25):
# Asia/Omsk covers...
#
55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
# Byalokoz
1919 says Omsk was
4:
53:
30.
Zone Asia/Omsk
4:
53:
30 - LMT
1919 Nov
14
5:
00 - +
05 1930 Jun
21
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
5:
00 Russia +
05/+
06 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
7:
00 - +
07 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
6:
00 - +
06
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
02-
22):
# Asia/Barnaul covers:
#
04 RU-AL Altai Republic
#
22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
# Data before
1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
03-
07):
# Letter of Bank of Russia from
1995-
05-
25
# http:
//www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+
3 on
#
1995-
05-
28.
#
# https:
//regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
# has some historical data
for Altai Krai:
# before
1957: west part on UT+
6, east on UT+
7
# after
1957: UT+
7
# since
1995: UT+
6
# http:
//barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
# confirms that and provides more details including
1995-
05-
28 transition date.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2016-
02-
17):
# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
# by March
27,
2016 at
2am....
# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+
3 to MSK+
4 (UTC+
6 to UTC+
7) ...
# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+
3 to MSK+
4 (UTC+
6 to UTC+
7)
# From Matt Johnson (
2016-
03-
09):
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
Zone Asia/Barnaul
5:
35:
00 - LMT
1919 Dec
10
6:
00 - +
06 1930 Jun
21
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 1995 May
28
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
7:
00 - +
07 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
6:
00 - +
06 2016 Mar
27 2:
00s
7:
00 - +
07
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
03-
18):
# Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
#
54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
05-
30):
# http:
//asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+
6 to UTC+
7.
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
07-
04):
# The law was signed yesterday and published today on
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk
5:
31:
40 - LMT
1919 Dec
14 6:
00
6:
00 - +
06 1930 Jun
21
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 1993 May
23 # say Shanks & P.
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
7:
00 - +
07 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
6:
00 - +
06 2016 Jul
24 2:
00s
7:
00 - +
07
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
03-
18):
# Asia/Tomsk covers:
#
70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
03-
24):
# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at
5:
39:
51.
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (
1994-
06-
29):
# Tomsk is still
4 hours ahead of Moscow.
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
03-
19):
# http:
//pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
# (fifth time belt being UTC+
5+
1(decree time)
# / UTC+
5+
1(decree time)+
1(summer time)) ...
# Note that time belts (numbered from
2 (Moscow) to
12 according to their
# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
# with time zones in
2011 with different numbering (there was a
#
2-hour gap between second and third zones in
2011-
2014).
# From Stepan Golosunov (
2016-
04-
12):
# http:
//asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
#
This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast
# from UTC+
6 to UTC+
7 and is supposed to come into effect on
2016-
05-
29 at
#
2:
00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected
# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account
for the
# recent changes).
#
# Judging by the ultra-
short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
# http:
//www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
# http:
//council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
# I speculate that the
final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
# approved by the Federation Council on
2016-
04-
20, signed by the President and
# published as a law around
2016-
04-
26.
# From Matt Johnson (
2016-
04-
26):
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
Zone Asia/Tomsk
5:
39:
51 - LMT
1919 Dec
22
6:
00 - +
06 1930 Jun
21
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 2002 May
1 3:
00
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
7:
00 - +
07 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
6:
00 - +
06 2016 May
29 2:
00s
7:
00 - +
07
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03):
# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
#
42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2009-
10-
13):
# Kemerovo oblast
' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
# March
28,
2010:
# from current Russia Zone
6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +
0700
# to Russia Zone
5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +
0600
#
#
This is according to Government of Russia decree No.
740, on September
#
14,
2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
# time zone.
" ("Russia Zone
5" or old "USSR Zone
5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
# http:
//www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and
new Russia Time Zone map after March
28,
2010
# http:
//www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
#
# Thus, when Russia will
switch to DST on the night of March
28,
2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast
') will not change the clock.
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (
2014-
07-
02):
# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+
7 through the
2014-
10-
26 change, thus
# realigning itself with KRAT.
Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk
5:
48:
48 - LMT
1924 May
1
6:
00 - +
06 1930 Jun
21
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 2010 Mar
28 2:
00s
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
7:
00 - +
07
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (
2001-
08-
25):
# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
#
17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
#
19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
#
24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
#
# Note: Effective
2007-
01-
01, (
88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (
84) Taymyr
# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (
24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
# Byalokoz
1919 says Krasnoyarsk was
6:
11:
26.
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk
6:
11:
26 - LMT
1920 Jan
6
6:
00 - +
06 1930 Jun
21
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
6:
00 Russia +
06/+
07 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
8:
00 - +
08 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
7:
00 - +
07
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (
2001-
08-
25):
# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
#
03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
#
38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
#
# Note: Effective
2008-
01-
01, (
85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
# merged into (
38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
# Milne
1899 says Irkutsk was
6:
57:
15.
# Byalokoz
1919 says Irkutsk was
6:
57:
05.
# Go with Byalokoz.
Zone Asia/Irkutsk
6:
57:
05 - LMT
1880
6:
57:
05 - IMT
1920 Jan
25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
7:
00 - +
07 1930 Jun
21
8:
00 Russia +
08/+
09 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
7:
00 Russia +
07/+
08 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
8:
00 Russia +
08/+
09 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
9:
00 - +
09 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
8:
00 - +
08
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
06):
# Asia/Chita covers...
#
92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
#
# Note: Effective
2008-
03-
01, (
75) Chita Oblast and (
80) Agin-Buryat
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (
92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2016-
01-
02):
# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+
8 to UTC+
9. Effective date will
# be March
27,
2016 at
2:
00am....
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
Zone Asia/Chita
7:
33:
52 - LMT
1919 Dec
15
8:
00 - +
08 1930 Jun
21
9:
00 Russia +
09/+
10 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
8:
00 Russia +
08/+
09 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
9:
00 Russia +
09/+
10 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
10:
00 - +
10 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
8:
00 - +
08 2016 Mar
27 2:
00
9:
00 - +
09
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (
2009-
11-
29):
# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
#
28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
#
# ...and parts of (
14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
#
14-
02 **** Aldansky District
#
14-
04 **** Amginsky District
#
14-
05 **** Anabarsky District
#
14-
06 **** Bulunsky District
#
14-
07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
#
14-
10 **** Vilyuysky District
#
14-
11 **** Gorny District
#
14-
12 **** Zhigansky District
#
14-
13 **** Kobyaysky District
#
14-
14 **** Lensky District
#
14-
15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
#
14-
16 **** Mirninsky District
#
14-
18 **** Namsky District
#
14-
19 **** Neryungrinsky District
#
14-
21 **** Nyurbinsky District
#
14-
23 **** Olenyoksky District
#
14-
24 **** Olyokminsky District
#
14-
26 **** Suntarsky District
#
14-
27 **** Tattinsky District
#
14-
29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
#
14-
32 **** Khangalassky District
#
14-
33 **** Churapchinsky District
#
14-
34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03):
# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (
14-
19) Neryungrinsky District.
# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume
this is, too.
# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
# Byalokoz
1919 says Yakutsk was
8:
38:
58.
Zone Asia/Yakutsk
8:
38:
58 - LMT
1919 Dec
15
8:
00 - +
08 1930 Jun
21
9:
00 Russia +
09/+
10 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
8:
00 Russia +
08/+
09 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
9:
00 Russia +
09/+
10 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
10:
00 - +
10 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
9:
00 - +
09
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (
2009-
11-
29):
# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
#
25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
#
27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
#
79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
#
# ...and parts of (
14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
#
14-
09 **** Verkhoyansky District
#
14-
31 **** Ust-Yansky District
# Milne
1899 says Vladivostok was
8:
47:
33.
5.
# Byalokoz
1919 says Vladivostok was
8:
47:
31.
# Go with Byalokoz.
Zone Asia/Vladivostok
8:
47:
31 - LMT
1922 Nov
15
9:
00 - +
09 1930 Jun
21
10:
00 Russia +
10/+
11 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
9:
00 Russia +
09/+
10 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
10:
00 Russia +
10/+
11 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
11:
00 - +
11 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
10:
00 - +
10
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03):
# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (
14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
#
14-
28 **** Tomponsky District
#
14-
30 **** Ust-Maysky District
# From Arthur David Olson (
2022-
03-
21):
# Tomponsky and Ust-Maysky switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in
2011.
# From Paul Eggert (
2012-
11-
25):
# Shanks and Pottenger (
2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in
2004.
#
This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
Zone Asia/Khandyga
9:
02:
13 - LMT
1919 Dec
15
8:
00 - +
08 1930 Jun
21
9:
00 Russia +
09/+
10 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
8:
00 Russia +
08/+
09 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
9:
00 Russia +
09/+
10 2004
10:
00 Russia +
10/+
11 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
11:
00 - +
11 2011 Sep
13 0:
00s # Decree
725?
10:
00 - +
10 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
9:
00 - +
09
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03):
# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
#
65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
# ...with the exception of:
#
65-
11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
# From Matt Johnson (
2016-
02-
22):
# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+
10 to UTC+
11 ...
# (
2016-
03-
09):
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that
's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin
9:
30:
48 - LMT
1905 Aug
23
9:
00 - +
09 1945 Aug
25
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s # Sakhalin T
10:
00 Russia +
10/+
11 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 1997 Mar lastSun
2:
00s
10:
00 Russia +
10/+
11 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
11:
00 - +
11 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
10:
00 - +
10 2016 Mar
27 2:
00s
11:
00 - +
11
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (
2009-
11-
29):
# Asia/Magadan covers...
#
49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (
2014-
07-
02):
# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+
12 to UTC+
10 on
2014-
10-
26; however,
# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+
11. These regions will
# need their own zone.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2016-
03-
27):
# ... draft bill
948300-
6 to change its time zone from UTC+
10 to UTC+
11 ...
# will take ... effect ... on April
24,
2016 at
2 o
'clock
#
# From Matt Johnson (
2016-
04-
05):
# ... signed by the President today ...
# http:
//publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
Zone Asia/Magadan
10:
03:
12 - LMT
1924 May
2
10:
00 - +
10 1930 Jun
21 # Magadan Time
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
10:
00 Russia +
10/+
11 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
12:
00 - +
12 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
10:
00 - +
10 2016 Apr
24 2:
00s
11:
00 - +
11
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
06):
# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (
14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
#
14-
01 **** Abyysky District
#
14-
03 **** Allaikhovsky District
#
14-
08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
#
14-
17 **** Momsky District
#
14-
20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
#
14-
25 **** Srednekolymsky District
#
# ...and parts of (
65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
#
65-
11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
02):
# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+
10 on
#
2014-
10-
26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+
11.
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
06):
# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before
2011-
03-
27.
# There is a decent chance
this is wrong, in which
case a
new zone
# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
#
# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
# lists them both as having
3528 people, exactly
1668 males and
1860 females
# each! (Yikes!)
# https:
//en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
# https:
//en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
# Assume
this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
#
# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
#
1989 and
2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
# recent (
2010) census,
3525 to
3170. (See pages
195 and
197 of
# http:
//www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
# Go with Srednekolymsk.
Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk
10:
14:
52 - LMT
1924 May
2
10:
00 - +
10 1930 Jun
21
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
10:
00 Russia +
10/+
11 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
12:
00 - +
12 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
11:
00 - +
11
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03):
# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (
14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
#
14-
22 **** Oymyakonsky District
# From Arthur David Olson (
2022-
03-
21):
# Oymyakonsky and the Kuril Islands switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in
2011.
#
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (
2014-
07-
02):
# It
's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+
11 (SAKT) with the rest of
# Sakhalin Oblast since at least
2011-
09, and the North Kurils have been on
# UTC+
12 since at least then, too.
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera
9:
32:
54 - LMT
1919 Dec
15
8:
00 - +
08 1930 Jun
21
9:
00 Russia +
09/+
10 1981 Apr
1
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
10:
00 Russia +
10/+
11 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
12:
00 - +
12 2011 Sep
13 0:
00s # Decree
725?
11:
00 - +
11 2014 Oct
26 2:
00s
10:
00 - +
10
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (
2001-
08-
25):
# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
#
91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
#
# Note: Effective
2007-
07-
01, (
41) Kamchatka Oblast and (
82) Koryak
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (
91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too
long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka
10:
34:
36 - LMT
1922 Nov
10
11:
00 - +
11 1930 Jun
21
12:
00 Russia +
12/+
13 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
12:
00 Russia +
12/+
13 2010 Mar
28 2:
00s
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
12:
00 - +
12
# From Tim Parenti (
2014-
07-
03):
# Asia/Anadyr covers...
#
87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Zone Asia/Anadyr
11:
49:
56 - LMT
1924 May
2
12:
00 - +
12 1930 Jun
21
13:
00 Russia +
13/+
14 1982 Apr
1 0:
00s
12:
00 Russia +
12/+
13 1991 Mar
31 2:
00s
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 1992 Jan
19 2:
00s
12:
00 Russia +
12/+
13 2010 Mar
28 2:
00s
11:
00 Russia +
11/+
12 2011 Mar
27 2:
00s
12:
00 - +
12
# Bosnia & Herzegovina
# Croatia
# Kosovo
# Montenegro
# North Macedonia
# Serbia
# Slovenia
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Belgrade
1:
22:
00 - LMT
1884
1:
00 - CET
1941 Apr
18 23:
00
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1945
1:
00 - CET
1945 May
8 2:
00s
1:
00 1:
00 CEST
1945 Sep
16 2:
00s
# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was
1982-
11-
27,
for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks & Pottenger don
't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
1:
00 - CET
1982 Nov
27
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Spain
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
12-
14):
#
# The source
for Europe/Madrid before
2013 is:
# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (
2013, in Spanish).
# http:
//astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
# As
this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks
for now
for that data.
#
# In the
1918 and
1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock
for
# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
# the repeated instances of that day
's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of
00:
59... to
# the next day
's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this
# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
# fallback transition from the next day
's 00:59... to 00:00.
# From Michael Deckers (
2016-
12-
15):
# The Royal Decree of
1900-
07-
26 quoted by Planesas, online at
# https:
//www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
# says in its article
5 (my translation):
# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article
1,
# the
1st day of January of
1901 will begin.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Spain
1918 only - Apr
15 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1918 1919 - Oct
6 24:
00s
0 -
Rule Spain
1919 only - Apr
6 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1924 only - Apr
16 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1924 only - Oct
4 24:
00s
0 -
Rule Spain
1926 only - Apr
17 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=
1 24:
00s
0 -
Rule Spain
1927 only - Apr
9 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1928 only - Apr
15 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1929 only - Apr
20 23:
00 1:
00 S
# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until
1939-
03-
28.
Rule Spain
1937 only - Jun
16 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1937 only - Oct
2 24:
00s
0 -
Rule Spain
1938 only - Apr
2 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1938 only - Apr
30 23:
00 2:
00 M
Rule Spain
1938 only - Oct
2 24:
00 1:
00 S
# The following rules are
for unified Spain again.
#
# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
#
1939-
03-
28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
#
1939-
04-
15.
For lack of better info, assume Madrid
's clocks did not
# change during that period.
#
# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant
for Republican Spain.
#Rule Spain
1939 only - Apr
15 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1939 only - Oct
7 24:
00s
0 -
Rule Spain
1942 only - May
2 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1942 only - Sep
1 1:
00 0 -
Rule Spain
1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=
13 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=
1 1:
00 0 -
Rule Spain
1945 1946 - Sep lastSun
1:
00 0 -
Rule Spain
1949 only - Apr
30 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1949 only - Oct
2 1:
00 0 -
Rule Spain
1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=
12 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=
1 1:
00 0 -
Rule Spain
1976 only - Mar
27 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1976 1977 - Sep lastSun
1:
00 0 -
Rule Spain
1977 only - Apr
2 23:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1978 only - Apr
2 2:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Spain
1978 only - Oct
1 2:
00s
0 -
# Nationalist Spain during the civil war
#Rule NatSpain
1937 only - May
22 23:
00 1:
00 S
#Rule NatSpain
1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=
1 24:
00s
0 -
#Rule NatSpain
1938 only - Mar
26 23:
00 1:
00 S
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from
1967 through
1978,
# except with
"S" letters.
Rule SpainAfrica
1967 only - Jun
3 12:
00 1:
00 S
Rule SpainAfrica
1967 only - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica
1974 only - Jun
24 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule SpainAfrica
1974 only - Sep
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica
1976 1977 - May
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule SpainAfrica
1976 only - Aug
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica
1977 only - Sep
28 0:
00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica
1978 only - Jun
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule SpainAfrica
1978 only - Aug
4 0:
00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Madrid -
0:
14:
44 - LMT
1901 Jan
1 0:
00u
0:
00 Spain WE%sT
1940 Mar
16 23:
00
1:
00 Spain CE%sT
1979
1:
00 EU CE%sT
Zone Africa/Ceuta -
0:
21:
16 - LMT
1901 Jan
1 0:
00u
0:
00 - WET
1918 May
6 23:
00
0:
00 1:
00 WEST
1918 Oct
7 23:
00
0:
00 - WET
1924
0:
00 Spain WE%sT
1929
0:
00 - WET
1967 # Help zishrink.awk.
0:
00 SpainAfrica WE%sT
1984 Mar
16
1:
00 - CET
1986
1:
00 EU CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Canary -
1:
01:
36 - LMT
1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-
1:
00 - -
01 1946 Sep
30 1:
00
0:
00 - WET
1980 Apr
6 0:
00s
0:
00 1:
00 WEST
1980 Sep
28 1:
00u
0:
00 EU WE%sT
# IATA SSIM (
1996-
09) says the Canaries
switch at
2:
00u, not
1:
00u.
# Ignore
this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
# Germany (Busingen enclave)
# Liechtenstein
# Switzerland
#
# From Howse:
# By the end of the
18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from
1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes
"Midnight?"):
# Rule Swiss
1940 only - Nov
2 0:
00 1:
00 S
# Rule Swiss
1940 only - Dec
31 0:
00 0 -
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule Swiss
1941 1942 - May Sun>=
1 2:
00 1:
00 S
# Rule Swiss
1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=
1 0:
00 0 -
# From Alois Treindl (
2008-
12-
17):
# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the
1940ies.
#
# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
# to be wrong.
This is now verified.
#
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
# government, in
'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
# federal law collection)...
#
# DST began on Monday
5 May
1941,
1:
00 am by shifting the clocks to
2:
00 am
# DST ended on Monday
6 Oct
1941,
2:
00 am by shifting the clocks to
1:
00 am.
#
# DST began on Monday,
4 May
1942 at
01:
00 am
# DST ended on Monday,
5 Oct
1942 at
02:
00 am
#
# There was no DST in
1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
# It is also indicated by the fact that the
1942 entry in the law
# collection points back to
1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
# other years are made.
#
# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on
6 May
1941 reported
# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
# night as an absolute novelty, because
this was the first time that such
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
#
# I have also checked
1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
# l
'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
#
false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in
1916 for the first time.
#
# The tzdata rules
for Switzerland must be changed to:
# Rule Swiss
1941 1942 - May Mon>=
1 1:
00 1:
00 S
# Rule Swiss
1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=
1 2:
00 0 -
#
# The
1940 rules must be deleted.
#
# One further detail
for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope
for
# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between
1848 and
1894 Geneva did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent
this, an extra zone would be needed.
#
# From Alois Treindl (
2013-
09-
11):
# The Federal regulations say
# https:
//www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
# ... the meridian
for Bern mean time ... is
7°
26' 22.50".
# Expressed in time, it is
0h29m45.
5s.
# From Pierre-Yves Berger (
2013-
09-
11):
# the
"Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December
11 1893)
# http:
//www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
# clearly states that the [
1894-
06-
01] change should be done at midnight
# but
if no one is present after
11 at night, could be postponed until one
# hour before the beginning of service.
# From Paul Eggert (
2013-
09-
11):
# Round BMT to the nearest even second,
0:
29:
46.
#
# We can find no reliable source
for Shanks
's assertion that all of Switzerland
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at
00:
00 on
1848-
09-
12.
This book:
#
# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im
19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich
1995,
# ISBN
3-
905311-
68-
2, OCLC
717570797.
#
# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
# most detail
for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
#
"Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
#
1851-
11-
23, and an official implementation notice was published
1853-
07-
16
# (Bundesblatt
1853, Bd. II, S.
859). On p
72 Messerli writes that in
# practice since July
1853 Bernese time was used in
"all postal and telegraph
# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso
"
# (Google translation).
For now, model
this transition as occurring on
#
1853-
07-
16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
# From Tobias Conradi (
2011-
09-
12):
# Büsingen <http:
//www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in
1980 as the rest of DE
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO
3166-
1,
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
#
# Source
for the time in Büsingen
1980:
# http:
//www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
#
# From Arthur David Olson (
2012-
03-
03):
# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since
1970.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Swiss
1941 1942 - May Mon>=
1 1:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Swiss
1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=
1 2:
00 0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Zurich
0:
34:
08 - LMT
1853 Jul
16 # See above comment.
0:
29:
46 - BMT
1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1:
00 Swiss CE%sT
1981
1:
00 EU CE%sT
# Turkey
# From Alois Treindl (
2019-
08-
12):
# http:
//www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone
# history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents.
# From Paul Eggert (
2019-
08-
28):
# That source (Oya Vulaş,
"Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları")
# is used
for 1940/
1972, where it seems more reliable than our other
# sources.
# From Kıvanç Yazan (
2019-
08-
12):
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24
#
1973-
06-
03 01:
00 ->
02:
00,
1973-
11-
04 02:
00 ->
01:
00
#
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1
#
1974-
03-
31 02:
00 ->
03:
00,
1974-
11-
03 02:
00 ->
01:
00
#
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1
#
1975-
03-
22 02:
00 ->
03:
00,
1975-
11-
02 02:
00 ->
01:
00
#
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1
#
1976-
03-
21 02:
00 ->
03:
00,
1976-
10-
31 02:
00 ->
01:
00
#
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5
#
1977-
04-
03 02:
00 ->
03:
00,
1977-
10-
16 02:
00 ->
01:
00,
#
1978-
04-
02 02:
00 ->
03:
00 (not applied, see below)
#
1978-
10-
15 02:
00 ->
01:
00 (not applied, see below)
#
1979-
04-
01 02:
00 ->
03:
00 (not applied, see below)
#
1979-
10-
14 02:
00 ->
01:
00 (not applied, see below)
#
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17
#
This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only
for 1978.
#
1978-
04-
02 02:
00 ->
03:
00,
1978-
10-
15 02:
00 ->
01:
00
# (not applied due to standard TZ change below)
#
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3
#
This decision changes the
default longitude
for Turkish time zone from
30
# degrees East to
45 degrees East.
This means a standard TZ change, from +
2
# to +
3.
This is published & applied on
1978-
06-
29. At that time, Turkey was
# already on summer time (already on
45E). Hence,
this new law just meant an
#
"continuous summer time". Note that
this was reversed in a few years.
#
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1
#
1983-
07-
31 02:
00 ->
03:
00 (note that
this jumps TZ to +
4)
#
1983-
10-
02 02:
00 ->
01:
00 (back to +
3)
#
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34)
# At
this time, Turkey is still on +
3 with no spring-forward on early
#
1984.
This decision is published on
10/
31/
1984. Page
1 declares
# the decision of reverting the
"default longitude change". So the
# standard time should go back to +
3 (
30E). And page
34 explains when
# that will happen:
1984-
11-
01 02:
00 ->
01:
00. You can think of
this
# as
"end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone".
#
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1
#
1985-
04-
20 01:
00 ->
02:
00,
1985-
09-
28 02:
00 ->
01:
00
# From Kıvanç Yazan (
2016-
09-
25):
#
1)
For 1986-
2006, DST started at
01:
00 local and ended at
02:
00 local, with
# no exceptions.
#
2)
1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
# Here are official papers:
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
09-
25):
# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger
for timestamps after
1985.
# From Steffen Thorsen (
2007-
03-
09):
# Starting
2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU
's 1:00 UTC
# start/end time, according to the following page (
2007-
03-
07):
# http:
//www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
# http:
//rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between
2002 and
2006:
# http:
//www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (
2011-
03-
10):
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+
3) on March
28,
2011 at
3:
00 a.m. instead of March
27.
#
This change is due to a nationwide exam on
27th.
# https:
//www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
# Turkish:
# https:
//www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
# From Faruk Pasin (
2014-
02-
14):
# The DST
for Turkey has been changed
for this year because of the
# Turkish Local election....
# http:
//www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March
31 at
3:
00 a.m.
# From Randal L. Schwartz (
2014-
04-
15):
# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March
31,
# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected
this timezone DST
# change delay. Maybe the word just didn
't get out in time.
# From Paul Eggert (
2014-
06-
15):
# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
# http:
//www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
# I guess the best we can
do is document the official time.
# From Fatih (
2015-
09-
29):
# It
's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
# Turkey delays winter time to
8th of November
04:
00
# http:
//www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
#
# From BBC News (
2015-
10-
25):
# Confused Turks are asking
"what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
# government decision ...
"For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
# Engineered Standard Time,
" said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
# http:
//www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
# From Burak AYDIN (
2016-
09-
08):
# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2016-
09-
07):
# The change is permanent, so
this is the
new standard time in Turkey.
# It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
# From Kıvanç Yazan (
2017-
10-
28):
# Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting
2018-
10.
# http:
//www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf
#
# From Even Scharning (
2017-
11-
08):
# ... today it was announced that the DST will become
"continuous":
# http:
//www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482
# From Paul Eggert (
2017-
11-
08):
# Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like
# Turkey reversed last month
's decision, and so will stay at +03.
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Turkey
1916 only - May
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1916 only - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1920 only - Mar
28 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1920 only - Oct
25 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1921 only - Apr
3 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1921 only - Oct
3 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1922 only - Mar
26 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1922 only - Oct
8 0:
00 0 -
# Whitman gives
1923 Apr
28 - Sep
16 and no DST in
1924-
1925;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Turkey
1924 only - May
13 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1924 1925 - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1925 only - May
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1940 only - Jul
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1940 only - Oct
6 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1940 only - Dec
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1941 only - Sep
21 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1942 only - Apr
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1945 only - Oct
8 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1946 only - Jun
1 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1946 only - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=
16 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=
2 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1949 only - Apr
10 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1950 only - Apr
16 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1951 only - Apr
22 0:
00 1:
00 S
# DST
for 15 months; unusual but we
'll let it pass.
Rule Turkey
1962 only - Jul
15 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1963 only - Oct
30 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1964 only - May
15 0:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1964 only - Oct
1 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1973 only - Jun
3 1:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1973 1976 - Oct Sun>=
31 2:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1974 only - Mar
31 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1975 only - Mar
22 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1976 only - Mar
21 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=
1 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=
15 2:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1978 only - Jun
29 0:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1983 only - Jul
31 2:
00 1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1983 only - Oct
2 2:
00 0 -
Rule Turkey
1985 only - Apr
20 1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1985 only - Sep
28 1:
00s
0 -
Rule Turkey
1986 1993 - Mar lastSun
1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1986 1995 - Sep lastSun
1:
00s
0 -
Rule Turkey
1994 only - Mar
20 1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1995 2006 - Mar lastSun
1:
00s
1:
00 S
Rule Turkey
1996 2006 - Oct lastSun
1:
00s
0 -
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Istanbul
1:
55:
52 - LMT
1880
1:
56:
56 - IMT
1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2:
00 Turkey EE%sT
1978 Jun
29
3:
00 Turkey +
03/+
04 1984 Nov
1 2:
00
2:
00 Turkey EE%sT
2007
2:
00 EU EE%sT
2011 Mar
27 1:
00u
2:
00 - EET
2011 Mar
28 1:
00u
2:
00 EU EE%sT
2014 Mar
30 1:
00u
2:
00 - EET
2014 Mar
31 1:
00u
2:
00 EU EE%sT
2015 Oct
25 1:
00u
2:
00 1:
00 EEST
2015 Nov
8 1:
00u
2:
00 EU EE%sT
2016 Sep
7
3:
00 - +
03
# Ukraine
#
# From Alois Treindl (
2014-
03-
01):
# REGULATION A N O V A on March
20,
1992 N
139 ... means that from
#
1992 on, Ukraine had DST with begin time at
02:
00 am, on last Sunday
# in March, and end time
03:
00 am, last Sunday in September....
# CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE RESOLUTION on May
13,
1996 N
509
#
"On the order of computation time on the territory of Ukraine" ....
# As
this cabinet decision is from May
1996, it seems likely that the
# transition in March
1996, which predates it, was still at
2:
00 am
# and not at
3:
00 as would have been under EU rules.
#
This is why I have set the change to EU rules into May
1996,
# so that the change in March is stil covered by the Ukraine rule.
# The next change in October
1996 happened under EU rules....
# TZ database holds three other zones
for Ukraine.... I have not yet
# worked out the consequences
for these three zones, as we (me and my
# US colleague David Cochrane) are still trying to get more
# information upon these local deviations from Kiev rules.
#
# From Paul Eggert (
2022-
08-
27):
#
For now, assume that Ukraine
's zones all followed the same rules,
# except that Crimea switched to Moscow time in
1994 as described elsewhere.
# From Igor Karpov, who works
for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
# via Garrett Wollman (
2003-
01-
27):
# BTW, I
've found the official document on this matter. It's government
# regulations No.
509, May
13,
1996. In my poor translation it says:
#
"Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
# of March at
3am the time is changing to
4am and each last Sunday of
# October the time at
4am is changing to
3am
"
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (
2011-
09-
20):
# On September
20,
2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
#
# Bill No.
8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
# approval from
266 deputies.
#
# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
# http:
//news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
# http:
//www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
#
# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
# https:
//www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
#
# From Philip Pizzey (
2011-
10-
18):
# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
# time
this year after all.
#
# From Udo Schwedt (
2011-
10-
18):
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
# to Russia) was reverted today:
# http:
//portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
#
# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (
2011-
10-
18) who also noted:
# The law documents themselves are at
# http:
//w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kyiv time
1991/
2 (
2014-
02-
28):
# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+
3 to UTC+
2 with DST:
#
03 25 1990 02:
00 -
03.
00 1 Time Zone
3 with DST
#
07 01 1990 02:
00 -
02.
00 1 Time Zone
2 with DST
# * Ukrainian Government
's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
# http:
//search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
#
# They did not end DST in September,
1990 (according to the law,
#
"summer time" was still in action):
#
09 30 1990 03:
00 -
02.
00 1 Time Zone
2 with DST
# * Ukrainian Government
's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
# http:
//search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
#
# Again no change in March,
1991 (
"summer time" in action):
#
03 31 1991 02:
00 -
02.
00 1 Time Zone
2 with DST
#
# DST ended in September
1991 (
"summer time" ended):
#
09 29 1991 03:
00 -
02.
00 0 Time Zone
2, no DST
# * Ukrainian Government
's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
# http:
//www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
#
This is an answer.
#
# Since
1992 they had normal DST procedure:
#
03 29 1992 02:
00 -
02.
00 1 DST started
#
09 27 1992 03:
00 -
02.
00 0 DST ended
# * Ukrainian Government
's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
# http:
//www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Kyiv
2:
02:
04 - LMT
1880
2:
02:
04 - KMT
1924 May
2 # Kyiv Mean Time
2:
00 - EET
1930 Jun
21
3:
00 - MSK
1941 Sep
20
1:
00 C-Eur CE%sT
1943 Nov
6
3:
00 Russia MSK/MSD
1990 Jul
1 2:
00
2:
00 1:
00 EEST
1991 Sep
29 3:
00
2:
00 C-Eur EE%sT
1996 May
13
2:
00 EU EE%sT
###############################################################################
# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in
1986.
# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody
else.
#
# According to Bernard Sieloff
's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+
1 and ME DST rules.
# Bernard Sieloff
's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
#
00:
00 standard time (i.e.,
01:
00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
# switches on the same day, but switches on at
01:
00 standard time
# and off at
00:
00 standard time (i.e.,
01:
00 DST)
# ...
# Date: Wed,
28 Jan
87 16:
56:
27 -
0100
# From: Tom Hofmann
# ...
#
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since
1981, when
# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
# to own national rules. In
1981, however, DST started on
#
'Apr firstSun', and not on
'Mar lastSun' as in the following
# years...
# But also since
1981 there are some more national exceptions
# than listed in
'europe': Switzerland,
for example, joined DST
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on
'Oct 1' instead of
'Sep
# lastSun
' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
#
#
Finally, DST ist always from
'Apr 1' to
'Oct 1' in the
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
#
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
#
4002 Basle, Switzerland
# ...
# ...
# Date: Wed,
4 Feb
87 22:
35:
22 +
0100
# From: Dik T. Winter
# ...
#
# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about
1969.
#
# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about
1977 with switches on
# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
# In
1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
# the starting day
for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from
1982
# the whole of Europe used DST, with
switch dates April
1 and October
1 in
# the Sov[i]et Union. In
1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n
switch
# dates...
#
# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
# Portugal switched in
1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
# Note also that though there were rules
for switch dates not
# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
# occurred, though not since
1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
# assumed that DST is
1 hour ahead of normal time,
this need not be the
#
case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was
2 hours
# in advance of normal time.
#
# ...
# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
# ...
# From Bob Devine (
1988-
01-
28):
# ...
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
# Since
1978. Change at midnight.
# ...
# Monaco: has same DST as France.
# ...