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import {
normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty,
normalizeOptionalLowercaseString,
} from "../../shared/string-coerce.js";
// CSS property values that indicate an element is hidden
const HIDDEN_STYLE_PATTERNS: Array<[string, RegExp]> = [
["display", /^\s*none\s*$/i],
["visibility", /^\s*hidden\s*$/i],
["opacity", /^\s*0\s*$/],
["font-size", /^\s*0(px|em|rem|pt|%)?\s*$/i],
["text-indent", /^\s*-\d{4,}px\s*$/],
["color", /^\s*transparent\s*$/i],
["color", /^\s*rgba\s*\(\s*\d+\s*,\s*\d+\s*,\s*\d+\s*,\s*0(?:\.0+)?\s*\)\s*$/i],
["color", /^\s*hsla\s*\(\s*[\d.]+\s*,\s*[\d.]+%?\s*,\s*[\d.]+%?\s*,\s*0(?:\.0+)?\s*\)\s*$/i],
];
// Class names associated with visually hidden content
const HIDDEN_CLASS_NAMES = new Set([
"sr-only",
"visually-hidden",
"d-none",
"hidden",
"invisible",
"screen-reader-only",
"offscreen",
]);
const HTML_VOID_ELEMENTS = new Set([
"area",
"base",
"br",
"col",
"embed",
"hr",
"img",
"input",
"link",
"meta",
"param",
"source",
"track",
"wbr",
]);
function hasHiddenClass(className: string): boolean {
const classes = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(className).split(/\s+/);
return classes.some((cls) => HIDDEN_CLASS_NAMES.has(cls));
}
function isStyleHidden(style: string): boolean {
for (const [prop, pattern] of HIDDEN_STYLE_PATTERNS) {
const escapedProp = prop.replace(/-/g, "\\-");
const match = style.match(new RegExp(`(?:^|;)\\s*${escapedProp}\\s*:\\s*([^;]+)`, "i"));
if (match && pattern.test(match[1])) {
return true;
}
}
// clip-path: none is not hidden, but positive percentage inset() clipping hides content.
const clipPath = style.match(/(?:^|;)\s*clip-path\s*:\s*([^;]+)/i);
if (clipPath && !/^\s*none\s*$/i.test(clipPath[1])) {
if (/inset\s*\(\s*(?:0*\.\d+|[1-9]\d*(?:\.\d+)?)%/i.test(clipPath[1])) {
return true;
}
}
// transform: scale(0)
const transform = style.match(/(?:^|;)\s*transform\s*:\s*([^;]+)/i);
if (transform) {
if (/scale\s*\(\s*0\s*\)/i.test(transform[1])) {
return true;
}
if (/translateX\s*\(\s*-\d{4,}px\s*\)/i.test(transform[1])) {
return true;
}
if (/translateY\s*\(\s*-\d{4,}px\s*\)/i.test(transform[1])) {
return true;
}
}
// width:0 + height:0 + overflow:hidden
const width = style.match(/(?:^|;)\s*width\s*:\s*([^;]+)/i);
const height = style.match(/(?:^|;)\s*height\s*:\s*([^;]+)/i);
const overflow = style.match(/(?:^|;)\s*overflow\s*:\s*([^;]+)/i);
if (
width &&
/^\s*0(px)?\s*$/i.test(width[1]) &&
height &&
/^\s*0(px)?\s*$/i.test(height[1]) &&
overflow &&
/^\s*hidden\s*$/i.test(overflow[1])
) {
return true;
}
// Offscreen positioning: left/top far negative
const left = style.match(/(?:^|;)\s*left\s*:\s*([^;]+)/i);
const top = style.match(/(?:^|;)\s*top\s*:\s*([^;]+)/i);
if (left && /^\s*-\d{4,}px\s*$/i.test(left[1])) {
return true;
}
if (top && /^\s*-\d{4,}px\s*$/i.test(top[1])) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
function readAttribute(attrs: string, name: string): string | undefined {
const escapedName = name.replace(/[-/\\^$*+?.()|[\]{}]/g, "\\$&");
const unquotedAttributeValue = "[^\\s\"'=<>`]+";
const match = attrs.match(
new RegExp(
`(?:^|\\s)${escapedName}(?:\\s*=\\s*(?:"([^"]*)"|'([^']*)'|(${unquotedAttributeValue})))?`,
"i",
),
);
if (!match) {
return undefined;
}
return match[1] ?? match[2] ?? match[3] ?? "";
}
function hasAttribute(attrs: string, name: string): boolean {
return readAttribute(attrs, name) !== undefined;
}
function shouldRemoveElement(tagNameRaw: string, attrs: string): boolean {
const tagName = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(tagNameRaw);
if (["meta", "template", "svg", "canvas", "iframe", "object", "embed"].includes(tagName)) {
return true;
}
if (
tagName === "input" &&
normalizeOptionalLowercaseString(readAttribute(attrs, "type")) === "hidden"
) {
return true;
}
if (normalizeOptionalLowercaseString(readAttribute(attrs, "aria-hidden")) === "true") {
return true;
}
if (hasAttribute(attrs, "hidden")) {
return true;
}
const className = readAttribute(attrs, "class") ?? "";
if (hasHiddenClass(className)) {
return true;
}
const style = readAttribute(attrs, "style") ?? "";
if (style && isStyleHidden(style)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
type HtmlTagToken = {
tagName: string;
attrs: string;
closing: boolean;
selfClosing: boolean;
};
function findTagEnd(html: string, start: number): number {
let quote: '"' | "'" | undefined;
for (let index = start + 1; index < html.length; index += 1) {
const char = html[index];
if (quote) {
if (char === quote) {
quote = undefined;
}
continue;
}
if (char === '"' || char === "'") {
quote = char;
continue;
}
if (char === ">") {
return index;
}
}
return -1;
}
function readTagName(source: string, start: number): { tagName: string; end: number } | null {
let end = start;
while (end < source.length) {
const code = source.charCodeAt(end);
const isNameChar =
(code >= 65 && code <= 90) ||
(code >= 97 && code <= 122) ||
(code >= 48 && code <= 57) ||
source[end] === "-" ||
source[end] === "_" ||
source[end] === ":";
if (!isNameChar) {
break;
}
end += 1;
}
if (end === start) {
return null;
}
return {
tagName: normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(source.slice(start, end)),
end,
};
}
function parseHtmlTagToken(token: string): HtmlTagToken | null {
let inner = token.slice(1, -1).trim();
if (!inner || inner.startsWith("!") || inner.startsWith("?")) {
return null;
}
const closing = inner.startsWith("/");
if (closing) {
inner = inner.slice(1).trimStart();
}
const name = readTagName(inner, 0);
if (!name) {
return null;
}
const attrs = closing ? "" : inner.slice(name.end);
return {
tagName: name.tagName,
attrs,
closing,
selfClosing: !closing && attrs.trimEnd().endsWith("/"),
};
}
function popDroppedElement(dropStack: string[], tagName: string): void {
const index = dropStack.lastIndexOf(tagName);
if (index >= 0) {
dropStack.length = index;
}
}
function removeMarkedElements(html: string): string {
let output = "";
let cursor = 0;
const dropStack: string[] = [];
while (cursor < html.length) {
const tagStart = html.indexOf("<", cursor);
if (tagStart < 0) {
if (dropStack.length === 0) {
output += html.slice(cursor);
}
break;
}
if (dropStack.length === 0) {
output += html.slice(cursor, tagStart);
}
if (html.startsWith("<!--", tagStart)) {
const commentEnd = html.indexOf("-->", tagStart + 4);
cursor = commentEnd < 0 ? html.length : commentEnd + 3;
continue;
}
const tagEnd = findTagEnd(html, tagStart);
if (tagEnd < 0) {
if (dropStack.length === 0) {
output += html.slice(tagStart);
}
break;
}
const token = html.slice(tagStart, tagEnd + 1);
const parsed = parseHtmlTagToken(token);
if (!parsed) {
if (dropStack.length === 0) {
output += token;
}
cursor = tagEnd + 1;
continue;
}
if (dropStack.length > 0) {
if (parsed.closing) {
popDroppedElement(dropStack, parsed.tagName);
} else if (!parsed.selfClosing && !HTML_VOID_ELEMENTS.has(parsed.tagName)) {
dropStack.push(parsed.tagName);
}
cursor = tagEnd + 1;
continue;
}
if (parsed.closing) {
output += token;
} else if (shouldRemoveElement(parsed.tagName, parsed.attrs)) {
if (!parsed.selfClosing && !HTML_VOID_ELEMENTS.has(parsed.tagName)) {
dropStack.push(parsed.tagName);
}
} else {
output += token;
}
cursor = tagEnd + 1;
}
return output;
}
export async function sanitizeHtml(html: string): Promise<string> {
return removeMarkedElements(html);
}
// Zero-width and invisible Unicode characters used in prompt injection attacks
const INVISIBLE_UNICODE_RE =
/[\u200B-\u200F\u202A-\u202E\u2060-\u2064\u206A-\u206F\uFEFF\u{E0000}-\u{E007F}]/gu;
export function stripInvisibleUnicode(text: string): string {
return text.replace(INVISIBLE_UNICODE_RE, "");
}
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(vorverarbeitet am 2026-04-27)
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