/** * CJK-aware character counting for accurate token estimation. * * Most LLM tokenizers encode CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) characters as * roughly 1 token per character, whereas Latin/ASCII text averages ~1 token * per 4 characters. When the codebase estimates tokens as `chars / 4`, CJK * content is underestimated by 2–4×. * * This module provides a shared helper that inflates the character count of * CJK text so that the standard `chars / 4` formula yields an accurate * token estimate for any script.
*/
/** * Default characters-per-token ratio used throughout the codebase. * Latin text ≈ 4 chars/token; CJK ≈ 1 char/token.
*/
export const CHARS_PER_TOKEN_ESTIMATE = 4;
/** * Matches CJK Unified Ideographs, CJK Extension A/B, CJK Compatibility * Ideographs, Hangul Syllables, Hiragana, Katakana, and other non-Latin * scripts that typically use ~1 token per character.
*/ const NON_LATIN_RE = /[\u2E80-\u9FFF\uA000-\uA4FF\uAC00-\uD7AF\uF900-\uFAFF\u{20000}-\u{2FA1F}]/gu;
/** * Return an adjusted character length that accounts for non-Latin (CJK, etc.) * characters. Each non-Latin character is counted as * {@link CHARS_PER_TOKEN_ESTIMATE} chars so that the downstream * `chars / CHARS_PER_TOKEN_ESTIMATE` token estimate remains accurate. * * For pure ASCII/Latin text the return value equals `text.length` (no change).
*/
export function estimateStringChars(text: string): number { if (text.length === 0) { return0;
} const nonLatinCount = (text.match(NON_LATIN_RE) ?? []).length; // Use code-point length instead of UTF-16 length so that surrogate pairs // (CJK Extension B+, U+20000–U+2FA1F) are counted as 1 character, not 2. const codePointLength = countCodePoints(text, nonLatinCount); // Non-Latin chars already contribute 1 to codePointLength, so add the extra weight. return codePointLength + nonLatinCount * (CHARS_PER_TOKEN_ESTIMATE - 1);
}
/** * Matches surrogate pairs whose code point falls in the CJK Extension B+ * range (U+20000–U+2FA1F). Only these surrogates need adjustment because * they are matched by {@link NON_LATIN_RE} and already counted in * `nonLatinCount`. Other surrogates (emoji, symbols) are not matched by * that regex, so collapsing them would create an inconsistency. * * High-surrogate range for U+20000–U+2FA1F is D840–D87E.
*/ const CJK_SURROGATE_HIGH_RE = /[\uD840-\uD87E][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g;
/** * Return the code-point-aware length of the string, adjusting only for * CJK Extension B+ surrogate pairs. For text without such characters * (the vast majority of inputs) this returns `text.length` unchanged.
*/ function countCodePoints(text: string, nonLatinCount: number): number { if (nonLatinCount === 0) { return text.length;
} // Count only CJK-range surrogate pairs — each occupies 2 UTF-16 units // but represents 1 code point (and 1 regex match in NON_LATIN_RE). const cjkSurrogates = (text.match(CJK_SURROGATE_HIGH_RE) ?? []).length; return text.length - cjkSurrogates;
}
/** * Estimate the number of tokens from a raw character count. * * For a more accurate estimate when the source text is available, prefer * `estimateStringChars(text) / CHARS_PER_TOKEN_ESTIMATE` instead.
*/
export function estimateTokensFromChars(chars: number): number { return Math.ceil(Math.max(0, chars) / CHARS_PER_TOKEN_ESTIMATE);
}
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