// Copyright (c) 2011 Google, Inc. // // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy // of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal // in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights // to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell // copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is // furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: // // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in // all copies or substantial portions of the Software. // // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, // FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE // AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER // LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, // OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN // THE SOFTWARE. // // CityHash Version 1, by Geoff Pike and Jyrki Alakuijala // // This file provides CityHash64() and related functions. // // It's probably possible to create even faster hash functions by // writing a program that systematically explores some of the space of // possible hash functions, by using SIMD instructions, or by // compromising on hash quality.
// Some primes between 2^63 and 2^64 for various uses. staticconst uint64 k0 = 0xc3a5c85c97cb3127; staticconst uint64 k1 = 0xb492b66fbe98f273; staticconst uint64 k2 = 0x9ae16a3b2f90404f; staticconst uint64 k3 = 0xc949d7c7509e6557;
// Bitwise right rotate. Normally this will compile to a single // instruction, especially if the shift is a manifest constant. static uint64 Rotate(uint64 val, int shift) { // Avoid shifting by 64: doing so yields an undefined result. return shift == 0 ? val : ((val >> shift) | (val << (64 - shift)));
}
// Equivalent to Rotate(), but requires the second arg to be non-zero. // On x86-64, and probably others, it's possible for this to compile // to a single instruction if both args are already in registers. static uint64 RotateByAtLeast1(uint64 val, int shift) { return (val >> shift) | (val << (64 - shift));
}
static uint64 HashLen0to16(constchar *s, size_t len) { if (len > 8) {
uint64 a = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s);
uint64 b = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 8); return HashLen16(a, RotateByAtLeast1(b + len, len)) ^ b;
} if (len >= 4) {
uint64 a = UNALIGNED_LOAD32(s); return HashLen16(len + (a << 3), UNALIGNED_LOAD32(s + len - 4));
} if (len > 0) {
uint8 a = s[0];
uint8 b = s[len >> 1];
uint8 c = s[len - 1];
uint32 y = static_cast<uint32>(a) + (static_cast<uint32>(b) << 8);
uint32 z = len + (static_cast<uint32>(c) << 2); return ShiftMix(y * k2 ^ z * k3) * k2;
} return k2;
}
// This probably works well for 16-byte strings as well, but it may be overkill // in that case. static uint64 HashLen17to32(constchar *s, size_t len) {
uint64 a = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) * k1;
uint64 b = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8);
uint64 c = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 8) * k2;
uint64 d = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16) * k0; return HashLen16(Rotate(a - b, 43) + Rotate(c, 30) + d,
a + Rotate(b ^ k3, 20) - c + len);
}
// Return a 16-byte hash for 48 bytes. Quick and dirty. // Callers do best to use "random-looking" values for a and b. static pair<uint64, uint64> WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(
uint64 w, uint64 x, uint64 y, uint64 z, uint64 a, uint64 b) {
a += w;
b = Rotate(b + a + z, 21);
uint64 c = a;
a += x;
a += y;
b += Rotate(a, 44); return make_pair(a + z, b + c);
}
// Return a 16-byte hash for s[0] ... s[31], a, and b. Quick and dirty. static pair<uint64, uint64> WeakHashLen32WithSeeds( constchar* s, uint64 a, uint64 b) { return WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s),
UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8),
UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16),
UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 24),
a,
b);
}
// Return an 8-byte hash for 33 to 64 bytes. static uint64 HashLen33to64(constchar *s, size_t len) {
uint64 z = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 24);
uint64 a = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) + (len + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16)) * k0;
uint64 b = Rotate(a + z, 52);
uint64 c = Rotate(a, 37);
a += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8);
c += Rotate(a, 7);
a += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16);
uint64 vf = a + z;
uint64 vs = b + Rotate(a, 31) + c;
a = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16) + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 32);
z = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 8);
b = Rotate(a + z, 52);
c = Rotate(a, 37);
a += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 24);
c += Rotate(a, 7);
a += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16);
uint64 wf = a + z;
uint64 ws = b + Rotate(a, 31) + c;
uint64 r = ShiftMix((vf + ws) * k2 + (wf + vs) * k0); return ShiftMix(r * k0 + vs) * k2;
}
// For strings over 64 bytes we hash the end first, and then as we // loop we keep 56 bytes of state: v, w, x, y, and z.
uint64 x = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s);
uint64 y = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16) ^ k1;
uint64 z = UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 56) ^ k0;
pair<uint64, uint64> v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + len - 64, len, y);
pair<uint64, uint64> w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + len - 32, len * k1, k0);
z += ShiftMix(v.second) * k1;
x = Rotate(z + x, 39) * k1;
y = Rotate(y, 33) * k1;
// Decrease len to the nearest multiple of 64, and operate on 64-byte chunks.
len = (len - 1) & ~static_cast<size_t>(63); do {
x = Rotate(x + y + v.first + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16), 37) * k1;
y = Rotate(y + v.second + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 48), 42) * k1;
x ^= w.second;
y ^= v.first;
z = Rotate(z ^ w.first, 33);
v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s, v.second * k1, x + w.first);
w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + 32, z + w.second, y);
std::swap(z, x);
s += 64;
len -= 64;
} while (len != 0); return HashLen16(HashLen16(v.first, w.first) + ShiftMix(y) * k1 + z,
HashLen16(v.second, w.second) + x);
}
// A subroutine for CityHash128(). Returns a decent 128-bit hash for strings // of any length representable in an int. Based on City and Murmur. static uint128 CityMurmur(constchar *s, size_t len, uint128 seed) {
uint64 a = Uint128Low64(seed);
uint64 b = Uint128High64(seed);
uint64 c = 0;
uint64 d = 0; int l = len - 16; if (l <= 0) { // len <= 16
c = b * k1 + HashLen0to16(s, len);
d = Rotate(a + (len >= 8 ? UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) : c), 32);
} else { // len > 16
c = HashLen16(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 8) + k1, a);
d = HashLen16(b + len, c + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - 16));
a += d; do {
a ^= ShiftMix(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s) * k1) * k1;
a *= k1;
b ^= a;
c ^= ShiftMix(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8) * k1) * k1;
c *= k1;
d ^= c;
s += 16;
l -= 16;
} while (l > 0);
}
a = HashLen16(a, c);
b = HashLen16(d, b); return uint128(a ^ b, HashLen16(b, a));
}
// We expect len >= 128 to be the common case. Keep 56 bytes of state: // v, w, x, y, and z.
pair<uint64, uint64> v, w;
uint64 x = Uint128Low64(seed);
uint64 y = Uint128High64(seed);
uint64 z = len * k1;
v.first = Rotate(y ^ k1, 49) * k1 + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s);
v.second = Rotate(v.first, 42) * k1 + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 8);
w.first = Rotate(y + z, 35) * k1 + x;
w.second = Rotate(x + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 88), 53) * k1;
// This is the same inner loop as CityHash64(), manually unrolled. do {
x = Rotate(x + y + v.first + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16), 37) * k1;
y = Rotate(y + v.second + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 48), 42) * k1;
x ^= w.second;
y ^= v.first;
z = Rotate(z ^ w.first, 33);
v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s, v.second * k1, x + w.first);
w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + 32, z + w.second, y);
std::swap(z, x);
s += 64;
x = Rotate(x + y + v.first + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 16), 37) * k1;
y = Rotate(y + v.second + UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + 48), 42) * k1;
x ^= w.second;
y ^= v.first;
z = Rotate(z ^ w.first, 33);
v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s, v.second * k1, x + w.first);
w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + 32, z + w.second, y);
std::swap(z, x);
s += 64;
len -= 128;
} while (LIKELY(len >= 128));
y += Rotate(w.first, 37) * k0 + z;
x += Rotate(v.first + z, 49) * k0; // If 0 < len < 128, hash up to 4 chunks of 32 bytes each from the end of s. for (size_t tail_done = 0; tail_done < len; ) {
tail_done += 32;
y = Rotate(y - x, 42) * k0 + v.second;
w.first += UNALIGNED_LOAD64(s + len - tail_done + 16);
x = Rotate(x, 49) * k0 + w.first;
w.first += v.first;
v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds(s + len - tail_done, v.first, v.second);
} // At this point our 48 bytes of state should contain more than // enough information for a strong 128-bit hash. We use two // different 48-byte-to-8-byte hashes to get a 16-byte final result.
x = HashLen16(x, v.first);
y = HashLen16(y, w.first); return uint128(HashLen16(x + v.second, w.second) + y,
HashLen16(x + w.second, y + v.second));
}
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