/** DOC: Emulation for User-Mode Instruction Prevention (UMIP) * * User-Mode Instruction Prevention is a security feature present in recent * x86 processors that, when enabled, prevents a group of instructions (SGDT, * SIDT, SLDT, SMSW and STR) from being run in user mode by issuing a general * protection fault if the instruction is executed with CPL > 0. * * Rather than relaying to the user space the general protection fault caused by * the UMIP-protected instructions (in the form of a SIGSEGV signal), it can be * trapped and emulate the result of such instructions to provide dummy values. * This allows to both conserve the current kernel behavior and not reveal the * system resources that UMIP intends to protect (i.e., the locations of the * global descriptor and interrupt descriptor tables, the segment selectors of * the local descriptor table, the value of the task state register and the * contents of the CR0 register). * * This emulation is needed because certain applications (e.g., WineHQ and * DOSEMU2) rely on this subset of instructions to function. * * The instructions protected by UMIP can be split in two groups. Those which * return a kernel memory address (SGDT and SIDT) and those which return a * value (SLDT, STR and SMSW). * * For the instructions that return a kernel memory address, applications * such as WineHQ rely on the result being located in the kernel memory space, * not the actual location of the table. The result is emulated as a hard-coded * value that, lies close to the top of the kernel memory. The limit for the GDT * and the IDT are set to zero. * * The instruction SMSW is emulated to return the value that the register CR0 * has at boot time as set in the head_32. * SLDT and STR are emulated to return the values that the kernel programmatically * assigns: * - SLDT returns (GDT_ENTRY_LDT * 8) if an LDT has been set, 0 if not. * - STR returns (GDT_ENTRY_TSS * 8). * * Emulation is provided for both 32-bit and 64-bit processes. * * Care is taken to appropriately emulate the results when segmentation is * used. That is, rather than relying on USER_DS and USER_CS, the function * insn_get_addr_ref() inspects the segment descriptor pointed by the * registers in pt_regs. This ensures that we correctly obtain the segment * base address and the address and operand sizes even if the user space * application uses a local descriptor table.
*/
/* * The SGDT and SIDT instructions store the contents of the global descriptor * table and interrupt table registers, respectively. The destination is a * memory operand of X+2 bytes. X bytes are used to store the base address of * the table and 2 bytes are used to store the limit. In 32-bit processes X * has a value of 4, in 64-bit processes X has a value of 8.
*/ #define UMIP_GDT_IDT_BASE_SIZE_64BIT 8 #define UMIP_GDT_IDT_BASE_SIZE_32BIT 4 #define UMIP_GDT_IDT_LIMIT_SIZE 2
/** * umip_printk() - Print a rate-limited message * @regs: Register set with the context in which the warning is printed * @log_level: Kernel log level to print the message * @fmt: The text string to print * * Print the text contained in @fmt. The print rate is limited to bursts of 5 * messages every two minutes. The purpose of this customized version of * printk() is to print messages when user space processes use any of the * UMIP-protected instructions. Thus, the printed text is prepended with the * task name and process ID number of the current task as well as the * instruction and stack pointers in @regs as seen when entering kernel mode. * * Returns: * * None.
*/ static __printf(3, 4) void umip_printk(conststruct pt_regs *regs, constchar *log_level, constchar *fmt, ...)
{ /* Bursts of 5 messages every two minutes */ static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(ratelimit, 2 * 60 * HZ, 5); struct task_struct *tsk = current; struct va_format vaf;
va_list args;
/** * identify_insn() - Identify a UMIP-protected instruction * @insn: Instruction structure with opcode and ModRM byte. * * From the opcode and ModRM.reg in @insn identify, if any, a UMIP-protected * instruction that can be emulated. * * Returns: * * On success, a constant identifying a specific UMIP-protected instruction that * can be emulated. * * -EINVAL on error or when not an UMIP-protected instruction that can be * emulated.
*/ staticint identify_insn(struct insn *insn)
{ /* By getting modrm we also get the opcode. */
insn_get_modrm(insn);
if (!insn->modrm.nbytes) return -EINVAL;
/* The instructions of interest have 2-byte opcodes: 0F 00 or 0F 01. */ if (insn->opcode.nbytes < 2 || insn->opcode.bytes[0] != 0xf) return -EINVAL;
if (insn->opcode.bytes[1] == 0x1) { switch (X86_MODRM_REG(insn->modrm.value)) { case 0: /* The reg form of 0F 01 /0 encodes VMX instructions. */ if (X86_MODRM_MOD(insn->modrm.value) == 3) return -EINVAL;
return UMIP_INST_SGDT; case 1: /* * The reg form of 0F 01 /1 encodes MONITOR/MWAIT, * STAC/CLAC, and ENCLS.
*/ if (X86_MODRM_MOD(insn->modrm.value) == 3) return -EINVAL;
/** * emulate_umip_insn() - Emulate UMIP instructions and return dummy values * @insn: Instruction structure with operands * @umip_inst: A constant indicating the instruction to emulate * @data: Buffer into which the dummy result is stored * @data_size: Size of the emulated result * @x86_64: true if process is 64-bit, false otherwise * * Emulate an instruction protected by UMIP and provide a dummy result. The * result of the emulation is saved in @data. The size of the results depends * on both the instruction and type of operand (register vs memory address). * The size of the result is updated in @data_size. Caller is responsible * of providing a @data buffer of at least UMIP_GDT_IDT_BASE_SIZE + * UMIP_GDT_IDT_LIMIT_SIZE bytes. * * Returns: * * 0 on success, -EINVAL on error while emulating.
*/ staticint emulate_umip_insn(struct insn *insn, int umip_inst, unsignedchar *data, int *data_size, bool x86_64)
{ if (!data || !data_size || !insn) return -EINVAL; /* * These two instructions return the base address and limit of the * global and interrupt descriptor table, respectively. According to the * Intel Software Development manual, the base address can be 24-bit, * 32-bit or 64-bit. Limit is always 16-bit. If the operand size is * 16-bit, the returned value of the base address is supposed to be a * zero-extended 24-byte number. However, it seems that a 32-byte number * is always returned irrespective of the operand size.
*/ if (umip_inst == UMIP_INST_SGDT || umip_inst == UMIP_INST_SIDT) {
u64 dummy_base_addr;
u16 dummy_limit = 0;
/* SGDT and SIDT do not use registers operands. */ if (X86_MODRM_MOD(insn->modrm.value) == 3) return -EINVAL;
/* * 64-bit processes use the entire dummy base address. * 32-bit processes use the lower 32 bits of the base address. * dummy_base_addr is always 64 bits, but we memcpy the correct * number of bytes from it to the destination.
*/ if (x86_64)
*data_size = UMIP_GDT_IDT_BASE_SIZE_64BIT; else
*data_size = UMIP_GDT_IDT_BASE_SIZE_32BIT;
/* * For these 3 instructions, the number * of bytes to be copied in the result buffer is determined * by whether the operand is a register or a memory location. * If operand is a register, return as many bytes as the operand * size. If operand is memory, return only the two least * significant bytes.
*/ if (X86_MODRM_MOD(insn->modrm.value) == 3)
*data_size = insn->opnd_bytes; else
*data_size = 2;
/** * force_sig_info_umip_fault() - Force a SIGSEGV with SEGV_MAPERR * @addr: Address that caused the signal * @regs: Register set containing the instruction pointer * * Force a SIGSEGV signal with SEGV_MAPERR as the error code. This function is * intended to be used to provide a segmentation fault when the result of the * UMIP emulation could not be copied to the user space memory. * * Returns: none
*/ staticvoid force_sig_info_umip_fault(void __user *addr, struct pt_regs *regs)
{ struct task_struct *tsk = current;
if (!(show_unhandled_signals && unhandled_signal(tsk, SIGSEGV))) return;
umip_pr_err(regs, "segfault in emulation. error%x\n",
X86_PF_USER | X86_PF_WRITE);
}
/** * fixup_umip_exception() - Fixup a general protection fault caused by UMIP * @regs: Registers as saved when entering the #GP handler * * The instructions SGDT, SIDT, STR, SMSW and SLDT cause a general protection * fault if executed with CPL > 0 (i.e., from user space). This function fixes * the exception up and provides dummy results for SGDT, SIDT and SMSW; STR * and SLDT are not fixed up. * * If operands are memory addresses, results are copied to user-space memory as * indicated by the instruction pointed by eIP using the registers indicated in * the instruction operands. If operands are registers, results are copied into * the context that was saved when entering kernel mode. * * Returns: * * True if emulation was successful; false if not.
*/ bool fixup_umip_exception(struct pt_regs *regs)
{ int nr_copied, reg_offset, dummy_data_size, umip_inst; /* 10 bytes is the maximum size of the result of UMIP instructions */ unsignedchar dummy_data[10] = { 0 }; unsignedchar buf[MAX_INSN_SIZE]; unsignedlong *reg_addr; void __user *uaddr; struct insn insn;
if (!regs) returnfalse;
/* * Give up on emulation if fetching the instruction failed. Should a * page fault or a #GP be issued?
*/
nr_copied = insn_fetch_from_user(regs, buf); if (nr_copied <= 0) returnfalse;
if (!insn_decode_from_regs(&insn, regs, buf, nr_copied)) returnfalse;
umip_inst = identify_insn(&insn); if (umip_inst < 0) returnfalse;
umip_pr_debug(regs, "%s instruction cannot be used by applications.\n",
umip_insns[umip_inst]);
umip_pr_debug(regs, "For now, expensive software emulation returns the result.\n");
if (emulate_umip_insn(&insn, umip_inst, dummy_data, &dummy_data_size,
user_64bit_mode(regs))) returnfalse;
/* * If operand is a register, write result to the copy of the register * value that was pushed to the stack when entering into kernel mode. * Upon exit, the value we write will be restored to the actual hardware * register.
*/ if (X86_MODRM_MOD(insn.modrm.value) == 3) {
reg_offset = insn_get_modrm_rm_off(&insn, regs);
/* * Negative values are usually errors. In memory addressing, * the exception is -EDOM. Since we expect a register operand, * all negative values are errors.
*/ if (reg_offset < 0) returnfalse;
nr_copied = copy_to_user(uaddr, dummy_data, dummy_data_size); if (nr_copied > 0) { /* * If copy fails, send a signal and tell caller that * fault was fixed up.
*/
force_sig_info_umip_fault(uaddr, regs); returntrue;
}
}
/* increase IP to let the program keep going */
regs->ip += insn.length; returntrue;
}
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