// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later /* * Copyright (C) 2008 Red Hat, Inc., Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
*/
/* * fsnotify inode mark locking/lifetime/and refcnting * * REFCNT: * The group->recnt and mark->refcnt tell how many "things" in the kernel * currently are referencing the objects. Both kind of objects typically will * live inside the kernel with a refcnt of 2, one for its creation and one for * the reference a group and a mark hold to each other. * If you are holding the appropriate locks, you can take a reference and the * object itself is guaranteed to survive until the reference is dropped. * * LOCKING: * There are 3 locks involved with fsnotify inode marks and they MUST be taken * in order as follows: * * group->mark_mutex * mark->lock * mark->connector->lock * * group->mark_mutex protects the marks_list anchored inside a given group and * each mark is hooked via the g_list. It also protects the groups private * data (i.e group limits).
* mark->lock protects the marks attributes like its masks and flags. * Furthermore it protects the access to a reference of the group that the mark * is assigned to as well as the access to a reference of the inode/vfsmount * that is being watched by the mark. * * mark->connector->lock protects the list of marks anchored inside an * inode / vfsmount and each mark is hooked via the i_list. * * A list of notification marks relating to inode / mnt is contained in * fsnotify_mark_connector. That structure is alive as long as there are any * marks in the list and is also protected by fsnotify_mark_srcu. A mark gets * detached from fsnotify_mark_connector when last reference to the mark is * dropped. Thus having mark reference is enough to protect mark->connector * pointer and to make sure fsnotify_mark_connector cannot disappear. Also * because we remove mark from g_list before dropping mark reference associated * with that, any mark found through g_list is guaranteed to have * mark->connector set until we drop group->mark_mutex. * * LIFETIME: * Inode marks survive between when they are added to an inode and when their * refcnt==0. Marks are also protected by fsnotify_mark_srcu. * * The inode mark can be cleared for a number of different reasons including: * - The inode is unlinked for the last time. (fsnotify_inode_remove) * - The inode is being evicted from cache. (fsnotify_inode_delete) * - The fs the inode is on is unmounted. (fsnotify_inode_delete/fsnotify_unmount_inodes) * - Something explicitly requests that it be removed. (fsnotify_destroy_mark) * - The fsnotify_group associated with the mark is going away and all such marks * need to be cleaned up. (fsnotify_clear_marks_by_group) * * This has the very interesting property of being able to run concurrently with * any (or all) other directions.
*/
/* * Grab or drop watched objects reference depending on whether the connector * is attached and has any marks attached.
*/ staticvoid fsnotify_update_sb_watchers(struct super_block *sb, struct fsnotify_mark_connector *conn)
{ struct fsnotify_sb_info *sbinfo = fsnotify_sb_info(sb); bool is_watched = conn->flags & FSNOTIFY_CONN_FLAG_IS_WATCHED; struct fsnotify_mark *first_mark = NULL; unsignedint highest_prio = 0;
if (conn->obj)
first_mark = hlist_entry_safe(conn->list.first, struct fsnotify_mark, obj_list); if (first_mark)
highest_prio = first_mark->group->priority; if (WARN_ON(highest_prio >= __FSNOTIFY_PRIO_NUM))
highest_prio = 0;
/* * If the highest priority of group watching this object is prio, * then watched object has a reference on counters [0..prio]. * Update priority >= 1 watched objects counters.
*/ for (unsignedint p = conn->prio + 1; p <= highest_prio; p++)
atomic_long_inc(&sbinfo->watched_objects[p]); for (unsignedint p = conn->prio; p > highest_prio; p--)
atomic_long_dec(&sbinfo->watched_objects[p]);
conn->prio = highest_prio;
/* * Grab or drop inode reference for the connector if needed. * * When it's time to drop the reference, we only clear the HAS_IREF flag and * return the inode object. fsnotify_drop_object() will be resonsible for doing * iput() outside of spinlocks. This happens when last mark that wanted iref is * detached.
*/ staticstruct inode *fsnotify_update_iref(struct fsnotify_mark_connector *conn, bool want_iref)
{ bool has_iref = conn->flags & FSNOTIFY_CONN_FLAG_HAS_IREF; struct inode *inode = NULL;
if (conn->type != FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_INODE ||
want_iref == has_iref) return NULL;
if (want_iref) { /* Pin inode if any mark wants inode refcount held */
fsnotify_get_inode_ref(fsnotify_conn_inode(conn));
conn->flags |= FSNOTIFY_CONN_FLAG_HAS_IREF;
} else { /* Unpin inode after detach of last mark that wanted iref */
inode = fsnotify_conn_inode(conn);
conn->flags &= ~FSNOTIFY_CONN_FLAG_HAS_IREF;
}
assert_spin_locked(&conn->lock); /* We can get detached connector here when inode is getting unlinked. */ if (!fsnotify_valid_obj_type(conn->type)) return NULL;
hlist_for_each_entry(mark, &conn->list, obj_list) { if (!(mark->flags & FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_ATTACHED)) continue;
new_mask |= fsnotify_calc_mask(mark); if (conn->type == FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_INODE &&
!(mark->flags & FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_NO_IREF))
want_iref = true;
} /* * We use WRITE_ONCE() to prevent silly compiler optimizations from * confusing readers not holding conn->lock with partial updates.
*/
WRITE_ONCE(*fsnotify_conn_mask_p(conn), new_mask);
/* * Calculate mask of events for a list of marks. The caller must make sure * connector and connector->obj cannot disappear under us. Callers achieve * this by holding a mark->lock or mark->group->mark_mutex for a mark on this * list.
*/ void fsnotify_recalc_mask(struct fsnotify_mark_connector *conn)
{ bool update_children;
if (!conn) return;
spin_lock(&conn->lock);
update_children = !fsnotify_conn_watches_children(conn);
__fsnotify_recalc_mask(conn);
update_children &= fsnotify_conn_watches_children(conn);
spin_unlock(&conn->lock); /* * Set children's PARENT_WATCHED flags only if parent started watching. * When parent stops watching, we clear false positive PARENT_WATCHED * flags lazily in __fsnotify_parent().
*/ if (update_children)
fsnotify_conn_set_children_dentry_flags(conn);
}
/* Free all connectors queued for freeing once SRCU period ends */ staticvoid fsnotify_connector_destroy_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
{ struct fsnotify_mark_connector *conn, *free;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!group)) return;
group->ops->free_mark(mark);
fsnotify_put_group(group);
}
/* Drop object reference originally held by a connector */ staticvoid fsnotify_drop_object(unsignedint type, void *objp)
{ if (!objp) return; /* Currently only inode references are passed to be dropped */ if (WARN_ON_ONCE(type != FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_INODE)) return;
fsnotify_put_inode_ref(objp);
}
/* Catch marks that were actually never attached to object */ if (!conn) { if (refcount_dec_and_test(&mark->refcnt))
fsnotify_final_mark_destroy(mark); return;
}
/* * We have to be careful so that traversals of obj_list under lock can * safely grab mark reference.
*/ if (!refcount_dec_and_lock(&mark->refcnt, &conn->lock)) return;
/* Update watched objects after detaching mark */ if (sb)
fsnotify_update_sb_watchers(sb, conn);
objp = __fsnotify_recalc_mask(conn);
type = conn->type;
}
WRITE_ONCE(mark->connector, NULL);
spin_unlock(&conn->lock);
fsnotify_drop_object(type, objp);
if (free_conn) {
spin_lock(&destroy_lock);
conn->destroy_next = connector_destroy_list;
connector_destroy_list = conn;
spin_unlock(&destroy_lock);
queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &connector_reaper_work);
} /* * Note that we didn't update flags telling whether inode cares about * what's happening with children. We update these flags from * __fsnotify_parent() lazily when next event happens on one of our * children.
*/
spin_lock(&destroy_lock);
list_add(&mark->g_list, &destroy_list);
spin_unlock(&destroy_lock);
queue_delayed_work(system_unbound_wq, &reaper_work,
FSNOTIFY_REAPER_DELAY);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fsnotify_put_mark);
/* * Get mark reference when we found the mark via lockless traversal of object * list. Mark can be already removed from the list by now and on its way to be * destroyed once SRCU period ends. * * Also pin the group so it doesn't disappear under us.
*/ staticbool fsnotify_get_mark_safe(struct fsnotify_mark *mark)
{ if (!mark) returntrue;
if (refcount_inc_not_zero(&mark->refcnt)) {
spin_lock(&mark->lock); if (mark->flags & FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_ATTACHED) { /* mark is attached, group is still alive then */
atomic_inc(&mark->group->user_waits);
spin_unlock(&mark->lock); returntrue;
}
spin_unlock(&mark->lock);
fsnotify_put_mark(mark);
} returnfalse;
}
/* * Puts marks and wakes up group destruction if necessary. * * Pairs with fsnotify_get_mark_safe()
*/ staticvoid fsnotify_put_mark_wake(struct fsnotify_mark *mark)
{ if (mark) { struct fsnotify_group *group = mark->group;
fsnotify_put_mark(mark); /* * We abuse notification_waitq on group shutdown for waiting for * all marks pinned when waiting for userspace.
*/ if (atomic_dec_and_test(&group->user_waits) && group->shutdown)
wake_up(&group->notification_waitq);
}
}
bool fsnotify_prepare_user_wait(struct fsnotify_iter_info *iter_info)
__releases(&fsnotify_mark_srcu)
{ int type;
fsnotify_foreach_iter_type(type) { /* This can fail if mark is being removed */ if (!fsnotify_get_mark_safe(iter_info->marks[type])) {
__release(&fsnotify_mark_srcu); goto fail;
}
}
/* * Now that both marks are pinned by refcount in the inode / vfsmount * lists, we can drop SRCU lock, and safely resume the list iteration * once userspace returns.
*/
srcu_read_unlock(&fsnotify_mark_srcu, iter_info->srcu_idx);
returntrue;
fail: for (type--; type >= 0; type--)
fsnotify_put_mark_wake(iter_info->marks[type]); returnfalse;
}
void fsnotify_finish_user_wait(struct fsnotify_iter_info *iter_info)
__acquires(&fsnotify_mark_srcu)
{ int type;
/* * Mark mark as detached, remove it from group list. Mark still stays in object * list until its last reference is dropped. Note that we rely on mark being * removed from group list before corresponding reference to it is dropped. In * particular we rely on mark->connector being valid while we hold * group->mark_mutex if we found the mark through g_list. * * Must be called with group->mark_mutex held. The caller must either hold * reference to the mark or be protected by fsnotify_mark_srcu.
*/ void fsnotify_detach_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark)
{
fsnotify_group_assert_locked(mark->group);
WARN_ON_ONCE(!srcu_read_lock_held(&fsnotify_mark_srcu) &&
refcount_read(&mark->refcnt) < 1 +
!!(mark->flags & FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_ATTACHED));
spin_lock(&mark->lock); /* something else already called this function on this mark */ if (!(mark->flags & FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_ATTACHED)) {
spin_unlock(&mark->lock); return;
}
mark->flags &= ~FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_ATTACHED;
list_del_init(&mark->g_list);
spin_unlock(&mark->lock);
/* Drop mark reference acquired in fsnotify_add_mark_locked() */
fsnotify_put_mark(mark);
}
/* * Free fsnotify mark. The mark is actually only marked as being freed. The * freeing is actually happening only once last reference to the mark is * dropped from a workqueue which first waits for srcu period end. * * Caller must have a reference to the mark or be protected by * fsnotify_mark_srcu.
*/ void fsnotify_free_mark(struct fsnotify_mark *mark)
{ struct fsnotify_group *group = mark->group;
spin_lock(&mark->lock); /* something else already called this function on this mark */ if (!(mark->flags & FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_ALIVE)) {
spin_unlock(&mark->lock); return;
}
mark->flags &= ~FSNOTIFY_MARK_FLAG_ALIVE;
spin_unlock(&mark->lock);
/* * Some groups like to know that marks are being freed. This is a * callback to the group function to let it know that this mark * is being freed.
*/ if (group->ops->freeing_mark)
group->ops->freeing_mark(mark, group);
}
/* * Sorting function for lists of fsnotify marks. * * Fanotify supports different notification classes (reflected as priority of * notification group). Events shall be passed to notification groups in * decreasing priority order. To achieve this marks in notification lists for * inodes and vfsmounts are sorted so that priorities of corresponding groups * are descending. * * Furthermore correct handling of the ignore mask requires processing inode * and vfsmount marks of each group together. Using the group address as * further sort criterion provides a unique sorting order and thus we can * merge inode and vfsmount lists of marks in linear time and find groups * present in both lists. * * A return value of 1 signifies that b has priority over a. * A return value of 0 signifies that the two marks have to be handled together. * A return value of -1 signifies that a has priority over b.
*/ int fsnotify_compare_groups(struct fsnotify_group *a, struct fsnotify_group *b)
{ if (a == b) return 0; if (!a) return 1; if (!b) return -1; if (a->priority < b->priority) return 1; if (a->priority > b->priority) return -1; if (a < b) return 1; return -1;
}
/* sb info is freed on fsnotify_sb_delete() */
sbinfo = kzalloc(sizeof(*sbinfo), GFP_KERNEL); if (!sbinfo) return -ENOMEM;
/* * cmpxchg() provides the barrier so that callers of fsnotify_sb_info() * will observe an initialized structure
*/ if (cmpxchg(&sb->s_fsnotify_info, NULL, sbinfo)) { /* Someone else created sbinfo for us */
kfree(sbinfo);
} return 0;
}
/* * cmpxchg() provides the barrier so that readers of *connp can see * only initialized structure
*/ if (cmpxchg(connp, NULL, conn)) { /* Someone else created list structure for us */
kmem_cache_free(fsnotify_mark_connector_cachep, conn);
} return 0;
}
/* * Get mark connector, make sure it is alive and return with its lock held. * This is for users that get connector pointer from inode or mount. Users that * hold reference to a mark on the list may directly lock connector->lock as * they are sure list cannot go away under them.
*/ staticstruct fsnotify_mark_connector *fsnotify_grab_connector(
fsnotify_connp_t *connp)
{ struct fsnotify_mark_connector *conn; int idx;
/* * Add mark into proper place in given list of marks. These marks may be used * for the fsnotify backend to determine which event types should be delivered * to which group and for which inodes. These marks are ordered according to * priority, highest number first, and then by the group's location in memory.
*/ staticint fsnotify_add_mark_list(struct fsnotify_mark *mark, void *obj, unsignedint obj_type, int add_flags)
{ struct super_block *sb = fsnotify_object_sb(obj, obj_type); struct fsnotify_mark *lmark, *last = NULL; struct fsnotify_mark_connector *conn;
fsnotify_connp_t *connp; int cmp; int err = 0;
if (WARN_ON(!fsnotify_valid_obj_type(obj_type))) return -EINVAL;
/* * Attach the sb info before attaching a connector to any object on sb. * The sb info will remain attached as long as sb lives.
*/ if (sb && !fsnotify_sb_info(sb)) {
err = fsnotify_attach_info_to_sb(sb); if (err) return err;
}
BUG_ON(last == NULL); /* mark should be the last entry. last is the current last entry */
hlist_add_behind_rcu(&mark->obj_list, &last->obj_list);
added: if (sb)
fsnotify_update_sb_watchers(sb, conn); /* * Since connector is attached to object using cmpxchg() we are * guaranteed that connector initialization is fully visible by anyone * seeing mark->connector set.
*/
WRITE_ONCE(mark->connector, conn);
out_err:
spin_unlock(&conn->lock);
spin_unlock(&mark->lock); return err;
}
/* * Attach an initialized mark to a given group and fs object. * These marks may be used for the fsnotify backend to determine which * event types should be delivered to which group.
*/ int fsnotify_add_mark_locked(struct fsnotify_mark *mark, void *obj, unsignedint obj_type, int add_flags)
{ struct fsnotify_group *group = mark->group; int ret = 0;
/* * Given a list of marks, find the mark associated with given group. If found * take a reference to that mark and return it, else return NULL.
*/ struct fsnotify_mark *fsnotify_find_mark(void *obj, unsignedint obj_type, struct fsnotify_group *group)
{
fsnotify_connp_t *connp = fsnotify_object_connp(obj, obj_type); struct fsnotify_mark_connector *conn; struct fsnotify_mark *mark;
if (!connp) return NULL;
conn = fsnotify_grab_connector(connp); if (!conn) return NULL;
/* Clear any marks in a group with given type mask */ void fsnotify_clear_marks_by_group(struct fsnotify_group *group, unsignedint obj_type)
{ struct fsnotify_mark *lmark, *mark;
LIST_HEAD(to_free); struct list_head *head = &to_free;
/* Skip selection step if we want to clear all marks. */ if (obj_type == FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_ANY) {
head = &group->marks_list; goto clear;
} /* * We have to be really careful here. Anytime we drop mark_mutex, e.g. * fsnotify_clear_marks_by_inode() can come and free marks. Even in our * to_free list so we have to use mark_mutex even when accessing that * list. And freeing mark requires us to drop mark_mutex. So we can * reliably free only the first mark in the list. That's why we first * move marks to free to to_free list in one go and then free marks in * to_free list one by one.
*/
fsnotify_group_lock(group);
list_for_each_entry_safe(mark, lmark, &group->marks_list, g_list) { if (mark->connector->type == obj_type)
list_move(&mark->g_list, &to_free);
}
fsnotify_group_unlock(group);
clear: while (1) {
fsnotify_group_lock(group); if (list_empty(head)) {
fsnotify_group_unlock(group); break;
}
mark = list_first_entry(head, struct fsnotify_mark, g_list);
fsnotify_get_mark(mark);
fsnotify_detach_mark(mark);
fsnotify_group_unlock(group);
fsnotify_free_mark(mark);
fsnotify_put_mark(mark);
}
}
/* Destroy all marks attached to an object via connector */ void fsnotify_destroy_marks(fsnotify_connp_t *connp)
{ struct fsnotify_mark_connector *conn; struct fsnotify_mark *mark, *old_mark = NULL; void *objp; unsignedint type;
conn = fsnotify_grab_connector(connp); if (!conn) return; /* * We have to be careful since we can race with e.g. * fsnotify_clear_marks_by_group() and once we drop the conn->lock, the * list can get modified. However we are holding mark reference and * thus our mark cannot be removed from obj_list so we can continue * iteration after regaining conn->lock.
*/
hlist_for_each_entry(mark, &conn->list, obj_list) {
fsnotify_get_mark(mark);
spin_unlock(&conn->lock); if (old_mark)
fsnotify_put_mark(old_mark);
old_mark = mark;
fsnotify_destroy_mark(mark, mark->group);
spin_lock(&conn->lock);
} /* * Detach list from object now so that we don't pin inode until all * mark references get dropped. It would lead to strange results such * as delaying inode deletion or blocking unmount.
*/
objp = fsnotify_detach_connector_from_object(conn, &type);
spin_unlock(&conn->lock); if (old_mark)
fsnotify_put_mark(old_mark);
fsnotify_drop_object(type, objp);
}
/* * Destroy all marks in destroy_list, waits for SRCU period to finish before * actually freeing marks.
*/ staticvoid fsnotify_mark_destroy_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
{ struct fsnotify_mark *mark, *next; struct list_head private_destroy_list;
spin_lock(&destroy_lock); /* exchange the list head */
list_replace_init(&destroy_list, &private_destroy_list);
spin_unlock(&destroy_lock);
/* Wait for all marks queued for destruction to be actually destroyed */ void fsnotify_wait_marks_destroyed(void)
{
flush_delayed_work(&reaper_work);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fsnotify_wait_marks_destroyed);
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