// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later /* * Copyright (C) 2019-2023 Oracle. All Rights Reserved. * Author: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
*/ #include"xfs.h" #include"xfs_fs.h" #include"xfs_shared.h" #include"xfs_format.h" #include"xfs_trans_resv.h" #include"xfs_log_format.h" #include"xfs_trans.h" #include"xfs_mount.h" #include"xfs_alloc.h" #include"xfs_ialloc.h" #include"xfs_health.h" #include"xfs_btree.h" #include"xfs_ag.h" #include"xfs_rtbitmap.h" #include"xfs_inode.h" #include"xfs_icache.h" #include"xfs_rtgroup.h" #include"scrub/scrub.h" #include"scrub/common.h" #include"scrub/trace.h" #include"scrub/fscounters.h"
/* * FS Summary Counters * =================== * * The basics of filesystem summary counter checking are that we iterate the * AGs counting the number of free blocks, free space btree blocks, per-AG * reservations, inodes, delayed allocation reservations, and free inodes. * Then we compare what we computed against the in-core counters. * * However, the reality is that summary counters are a tricky beast to check. * While we /could/ freeze the filesystem and scramble around the AGs counting * the free blocks, in practice we prefer not do that for a scan because * freezing is costly. To get around this, we added a per-cpu counter of the * delalloc reservations so that we can rotor around the AGs relatively * quickly, and we allow the counts to be slightly off because we're not taking * any locks while we do this. * * So the first thing we do is warm up the buffer cache in the setup routine by * walking all the AGs to make sure the incore per-AG structure has been * initialized. The expected value calculation then iterates the incore per-AG * structures as quickly as it can. We snapshot the percpu counters before and * after this operation and use the difference in counter values to guess at * our tolerance for mismatch between expected and actual counter values.
*/
/* * Since the expected value computation is lockless but only browses incore * values, the percpu counters should be fairly close to each other. However, * we'll allow ourselves to be off by at least this (arbitrary) amount.
*/ #define XCHK_FSCOUNT_MIN_VARIANCE (512)
/* * Make sure the per-AG structure has been initialized from the on-disk header * contents and trust that the incore counters match the ondisk counters. (The * AGF and AGI scrubbers check them, and a normal xfs_scrub run checks the * summary counters after checking all AG headers). Do this from the setup * function so that the inner AG aggregation loop runs as quickly as possible. * * This function runs during the setup phase /before/ we start checking any * metadata.
*/ STATICint
xchk_fscount_warmup( struct xfs_scrub *sc)
{ struct xfs_mount *mp = sc->mp; struct xfs_buf *agi_bp = NULL; struct xfs_buf *agf_bp = NULL; struct xfs_perag *pag = NULL; int error = 0;
while ((pag = xfs_perag_next(mp, pag))) { if (xchk_should_terminate(sc, &error)) break; if (xfs_perag_initialised_agi(pag) &&
xfs_perag_initialised_agf(pag)) continue;
/* Lock both AG headers. */
error = xfs_ialloc_read_agi(pag, sc->tp, 0, &agi_bp); if (error) break;
error = xfs_alloc_read_agf(pag, sc->tp, 0, &agf_bp); if (error) break;
/* * These are supposed to be initialized by the header read * function.
*/ if (!xfs_perag_initialised_agi(pag) ||
!xfs_perag_initialised_agf(pag)) {
error = -EFSCORRUPTED; break;
}
staticinlineint
xchk_fsthaw( struct xfs_scrub *sc)
{ int error;
/* This should always succeed, we have a kernel freeze */
error = thaw_super(sc->mp->m_super, FREEZE_HOLDER_KERNEL, NULL);
trace_xchk_fsthaw(sc, error); return error;
}
/* * We couldn't stabilize the filesystem long enough to sample all the variables * that comprise the summary counters and compare them to the percpu counters. * We need to disable all writer threads, which means taking the first two * freeze levels to put userspace to sleep, and the third freeze level to * prevent background threads from starting new transactions. Take one level * more to prevent other callers from unfreezing the filesystem while we run.
*/ STATICint
xchk_fscounters_freeze( struct xfs_scrub *sc)
{ struct xchk_fscounters *fsc = sc->buf; int error = 0;
if (sc->flags & XCHK_HAVE_FREEZE_PROT) {
sc->flags &= ~XCHK_HAVE_FREEZE_PROT;
mnt_drop_write_file(sc->file);
}
/* Try to grab a kernel freeze. */ while ((error = xchk_fsfreeze(sc)) == -EBUSY) { if (xchk_should_terminate(sc, &error)) return error;
delay(HZ / 10);
} if (error) return error;
fsc->frozen = true; return 0;
}
/* Thaw the filesystem after checking or repairing fscounters. */ STATICvoid
xchk_fscounters_cleanup( void *buf)
{ struct xchk_fscounters *fsc = buf; struct xfs_scrub *sc = fsc->sc; int error;
if (!fsc->frozen) return;
error = xchk_fsthaw(sc); if (error)
xfs_emerg(sc->mp, "still frozen after scrub, err=%d", error); else
fsc->frozen = false;
}
int
xchk_setup_fscounters( struct xfs_scrub *sc)
{ struct xchk_fscounters *fsc; int error;
/* * If the AGF doesn't track btreeblks, we have to lock the AGF to count * btree block usage by walking the actual btrees.
*/ if (!xfs_has_lazysbcount(sc->mp))
xchk_fsgates_enable(sc, XCHK_FSGATES_DRAIN);
/* We must get the incore counters set up before we can proceed. */
error = xchk_fscount_warmup(sc); if (error) return error;
/* * Pause all writer activity in the filesystem while we're scrubbing to * reduce the likelihood of background perturbations to the counters * throwing off our calculations. * * If we're repairing, we need to prevent any other thread from * changing the global fs summary counters while we're repairing them. * This requires the fs to be frozen, which will disable background * reclaim and purge all inactive inodes.
*/ if ((sc->flags & XCHK_TRY_HARDER) || xchk_could_repair(sc)) {
error = xchk_fscounters_freeze(sc); if (error) return error;
}
xchk_trans_alloc_empty(sc); return 0;
}
/* * Part 1: Collecting filesystem summary counts. For each AG, we add its * summary counts (total inodes, free inodes, free data blocks) to an incore * copy of the overall filesystem summary counts. * * To avoid false corruption reports in part 2, any failure in this part must * set the INCOMPLETE flag even when a negative errno is returned. This care * must be taken with certain errno values (i.e. EFSBADCRC, EFSCORRUPTED, * ECANCELED) that are absorbed into a scrub state flag update by * xchk_*_process_error. Scrub and repair share the same incore data * structures, so the INCOMPLETE flag is critical to prevent a repair based on * insufficient information.
*/
/* Count free space btree blocks manually for pre-lazysbcount filesystems. */ staticint
xchk_fscount_btreeblks( struct xfs_scrub *sc, struct xchk_fscounters *fsc,
xfs_agnumber_t agno)
{
xfs_filblks_t blocks; int error;
error = xchk_ag_init_existing(sc, agno, &sc->sa); if (error) goto out_free;
/* * Calculate what the global in-core counters ought to be from the incore * per-AG structure. Callers can compare this to the actual in-core counters * to estimate by how much both in-core and on-disk counters need to be * adjusted.
*/ STATICint
xchk_fscount_aggregate_agcounts( struct xfs_scrub *sc, struct xchk_fscounters *fsc)
{ struct xfs_mount *mp = sc->mp; struct xfs_perag *pag = NULL;
uint64_t delayed; int tries = 8; int error = 0;
while ((pag = xfs_perag_next(mp, pag))) { if (xchk_should_terminate(sc, &error)) break;
/* This somehow got unset since the warmup? */ if (!xfs_perag_initialised_agi(pag) ||
!xfs_perag_initialised_agf(pag)) {
error = -EFSCORRUPTED; break;
}
/* Count all the inodes */
fsc->icount += pag->pagi_count;
fsc->ifree += pag->pagi_freecount;
/* Add up the free/freelist/bnobt/cntbt blocks */
fsc->fdblocks += pag->pagf_freeblks;
fsc->fdblocks += pag->pagf_flcount; if (xfs_has_lazysbcount(sc->mp)) {
fsc->fdblocks += pag->pagf_btreeblks;
} else {
error = xchk_fscount_btreeblks(sc, fsc, pag_agno(pag)); if (error) break;
}
/* * Per-AG reservations are taken out of the incore counters, * so they must be left out of the free blocks computation.
*/
fsc->fdblocks -= pag->pag_meta_resv.ar_reserved;
fsc->fdblocks -= pag->pag_rmapbt_resv.ar_orig_reserved;
} if (pag)
xfs_perag_rele(pag); if (error) {
xchk_set_incomplete(sc); return error;
}
/* * The global incore space reservation is taken from the incore * counters, so leave that out of the computation.
*/
fsc->fdblocks -= mp->m_free[XC_FREE_BLOCKS].res_avail;
/* * Delayed allocation reservations are taken out of the incore counters * but not recorded on disk, so leave them and their indlen blocks out * of the computation.
*/
delayed = percpu_counter_sum(&mp->m_delalloc_blks);
fsc->fdblocks -= delayed;
/* Bail out if the values we compute are totally nonsense. */ if (fsc->icount < fsc->icount_min || fsc->icount > fsc->icount_max ||
fsc->fdblocks > mp->m_sb.sb_dblocks ||
fsc->ifree > fsc->icount_max) return -EFSCORRUPTED;
/* * If ifree > icount then we probably had some perturbation in the * counters while we were calculating things. We'll try a few times * to maintain ifree <= icount before giving up.
*/ if (fsc->ifree > fsc->icount) { if (tries--) goto retry; return -EDEADLOCK;
}
/* Calculate the number of free realtime extents from the realtime bitmap. */ STATICint
xchk_fscount_count_frextents( struct xfs_scrub *sc, struct xchk_fscounters *fsc)
{ struct xfs_mount *mp = sc->mp; struct xfs_rtgroup *rtg = NULL; int error;
fsc->frextents = 0;
fsc->frextents_delayed = 0;
/* * Don't bother verifying and repairing the fs counters for zoned file * systems as they don't track an on-disk frextents count, and the * in-memory percpu counter also includes reservations.
*/ if (!xfs_has_realtime(mp) || xfs_has_zoned(mp)) return 0;
/* * Part 2: Comparing filesystem summary counters. All we have to do here is * sum the percpu counters and compare them to what we've observed.
*/
/* * Is the @counter reasonably close to the @expected value? * * We neither locked nor froze anything in the filesystem while aggregating the * per-AG data to compute the @expected value, which means that the counter * could have changed. We know the @old_value of the summation of the counter * before the aggregation, and we re-sum the counter now. If the expected * value falls between the two summations, we're ok. * * Otherwise, we /might/ have a problem. If the change in the summations is * more than we want to tolerate, the filesystem is probably busy and we should * just send back INCOMPLETE and see if userspace will try again. * * If we're repairing then we require an exact match.
*/ staticinlinebool
xchk_fscount_within_range( struct xfs_scrub *sc, const int64_t old_value, struct percpu_counter *counter,
uint64_t expected)
{
int64_t min_value, max_value;
int64_t curr_value = percpu_counter_sum(counter);
/* No negative values, please! */ if (icount < 0 || ifree < 0)
xchk_set_corrupt(sc);
/* * If the filesystem is not frozen, the counter summation calls above * can race with xfs_dec_freecounter, which subtracts a requested space * reservation from the counter and undoes the subtraction if that made * the counter go negative. Therefore, it's possible to see negative * values here, and we should only flag that as a corruption if we * froze the fs. This is much more likely to happen with frextents * since there are no reserved pools.
*/ if (fdblocks < 0 || frextents < 0) { if (!fsc->frozen) return -EDEADLOCK;
xchk_set_corrupt(sc); return 0;
}
/* See if icount is obviously wrong. */ if (icount < fsc->icount_min || icount > fsc->icount_max)
xchk_set_corrupt(sc);
/* See if fdblocks is obviously wrong. */ if (fdblocks > mp->m_sb.sb_dblocks)
xchk_set_corrupt(sc);
/* See if frextents is obviously wrong. */ if (frextents > mp->m_sb.sb_rextents)
xchk_set_corrupt(sc);
/* * If ifree exceeds icount by more than the minimum variance then * something's probably wrong with the counters.
*/ if (ifree > icount && ifree - icount > XCHK_FSCOUNT_MIN_VARIANCE)
xchk_set_corrupt(sc);
/* Walk the incore AG headers to calculate the expected counters. */
error = xchk_fscount_aggregate_agcounts(sc, fsc); if (!xchk_process_error(sc, 0, XFS_SB_BLOCK(mp), &error)) return error;
/* Count the free extents counter for rt volumes. */
error = xchk_fscount_count_frextents(sc, fsc); if (!xchk_process_error(sc, 0, XFS_SB_BLOCK(mp), &error)) return error; if (sc->sm->sm_flags & XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_INCOMPLETE) return 0;
/* * Compare the in-core counters with whatever we counted. If the fs is * frozen, we treat the discrepancy as a corruption because the freeze * should have stabilized the counter values. Otherwise, we need * userspace to call us back having granted us freeze permission.
*/ if (!xchk_fscount_within_range(sc, icount, &mp->m_icount,
fsc->icount)) { if (fsc->frozen)
xchk_set_corrupt(sc); else
try_again = true;
}
if (!xchk_fscount_within_range(sc, ifree, &mp->m_ifree, fsc->ifree)) { if (fsc->frozen)
xchk_set_corrupt(sc); else
try_again = true;
}
if (!xchk_fscount_within_range(sc, fdblocks,
&mp->m_free[XC_FREE_BLOCKS].count, fsc->fdblocks)) { if (fsc->frozen)
xchk_set_corrupt(sc); else
try_again = true;
}
if (!xfs_has_zoned(mp) &&
!xchk_fscount_within_range(sc, frextents,
&mp->m_free[XC_FREE_RTEXTENTS].count,
fsc->frextents - fsc->frextents_delayed)) { if (fsc->frozen)
xchk_set_corrupt(sc); else
try_again = true;
}
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