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<div class="chlinktop"><span class="chlink1">Goto Chapter: </span><a href="chap0_mj.html">Top</a>  <a href="chap1_mj.html">1</a>  <a href="chap2_mj.html">2</a>  <a href="chap3_mj.html">3</a>  <a href="chap4_mj.html">4</a>  <a href="chap5_mj.html">5</a>  <a href="chapBib_mj.html">Bib</a>  <a href="chapInd_mj.html">Ind</a>  </div>

<div class="chlinkprevnexttop"> <a href="chap0_mj.html">[Top of Book]</a>   <a href="chap0_mj.html#contents">[Contents]</a>    <a href="chap1_mj.html">[Previous Chapter]</a>    <a href="chap3_mj.html">[Next Chapter]</a>   </div>

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<p><a id="X7DE253B0786AF3CD" name="X7DE253B0786AF3CD"></a></p>
<div class="ChapSects"><a href="chap2_mj.html#X7DE253B0786AF3CD">2 <span class="Heading">Regular graphs</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X7DE253B0786AF3CD">2.1 <span class="Heading">Regular graphs</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X805E414884F74B4E">2.1-1 RGParameters</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X8506FD9C84FD1D88">2.1-2 IsRG</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X859728CC8117B2C1">2.1-3 IsFeasibleRGParameters</a></span>
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X852488AC7C59D75F">2.2 <span class="Heading">Edge-regular graphs</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X7CF02EC580D221E8">2.2-1 ERGParameters</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X811393AE7E816FFA">2.2-2 IsERG</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X8578C5A7817E2754">2.2-3 IsFeasibleERGParameters</a></span>
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X87124C8C7EBA8FA4">2.3 <span class="Heading">Strongly regular graphs</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X7DBE09557F9F6ABD">2.3-1 SRGParameters</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X80992E527F0BD206">2.3-2 IsSRG</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss">  </span><a href="chap2_mj.html#X8436E237851A17BC">2.3-3 IsFeasibleSRGParameters</a></span>
</div></div>
</div>

<h3>2 <span class="Heading">Regular graphs</span></h3>

<p>In this chapter we give functions used to identify graphs with various regularity properties and determine their parameters.</p>

<p><a id="X7DE253B0786AF3CD" name="X7DE253B0786AF3CD"></a></p>

<h4>2.1 <span class="Heading">Regular graphs</span></h4>

<p>A graph <span class="SimpleMath">\(\Gamma\)</span> is <em>regular</em> with <em>parameters</em> <span class="SimpleMath">\((v,k)\)</span> if <span class="SimpleMath">\(\Gamma\)</span> is simple and undirected, it has order <span class="SimpleMath">\(v\)</span>, and every vertex of <span class="SimpleMath">\(\Gamma\)</span> has degree <span class="SimpleMath">\(k\)</span>.</p>

<p><a id="X805E414884F74B4E" name="X805E414884F74B4E"></a></p>

<h5>2.1-1 RGParameters</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ RGParameters</code>( <var class="Arg">gamma</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: A list or <code class="keyw">fail</code>.</p>

<p>Given a graph <var class="Arg">gamma</var>, this function returns the regular graph parameters of <var class="Arg">gamma</var>. If <var class="Arg">gamma</var> is not a regular graph, the function returns <code class="keyw">fail</code>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
    
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=EdgeOrbitsGraph(Group((2,3,4,5)),[[1,2],[2,1]]);;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">RGParameters(gamma);</span>
fail
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=HammingGraph(3,4);;                              </span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">RGParameters(gamma);</span>
[ 64, 9 ]
    
  </pre></div>

<p><a id="X8506FD9C84FD1D88" name="X8506FD9C84FD1D88"></a></p>

<h5>2.1-2 IsRG</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ IsRG</code>( <var class="Arg">gamma</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> or <code class="keyw">false</code>.</p>

<p>Given a graph <var class="Arg">gamma</var>, this function returns <code class="keyw">true</code> if <var class="Arg">gamma</var> is a regular graph, and <code class="keyw">false</code> otherwise.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
    
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=NullGraph(Group(()),5);;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsRG(gamma);</span>
true
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=EdgeOrbitsGraph(Group((2,3,4,5)),[[1,2],[2,1]]);;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsRG(gamma);</span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=TriangularGraph(6);;                             </span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsRG(gamma);</span>
true
    
  </pre></div>

<p><a id="X859728CC8117B2C1" name="X859728CC8117B2C1"></a></p>

<h5>2.1-3 IsFeasibleRGParameters</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ IsFeasibleRGParameters</code>( [<var class="Arg">v</var>, <var class="Arg">k</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> or <code class="keyw">false</code>.</p>

<p>Given a list of integers of length 2, <var class="Arg">[v,k]</var>, this function returns <code class="keyw">true</code> if <span class="SimpleMath">\(( \textit{v}, \textit{k} )\)</span> is a feasible parameter tuple for a regular graph. Otherwise, the function returns <code class="keyw">false</code>.</p>

<p>The tuple <span class="SimpleMath">\((v, k)\)</span> is a <em>feasible</em> parameter tuple for a regular graph if it satisfies the following well-known conditions:</p>


<ul>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\(v>k\geq 0\)</span>;</p>

</li>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\(2\)</span> divides <span class="SimpleMath">\(vk\)</span>.</p>

</li>
</ul>
<p>Any regular graph must have parameters that satisfy these conditions (see <a href="chapBib_mj.html#biBBCN_1989">[BCN89]</a>).</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
    
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsFeasibleRGParameters([15,9]);</span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsFeasibleRGParameters([16,9]);</span>
true
    
  </pre></div>

<p><a id="X852488AC7C59D75F" name="X852488AC7C59D75F"></a></p>

<h4>2.2 <span class="Heading">Edge-regular graphs</span></h4>

<p>A graph <span class="SimpleMath">\(\Gamma\)</span> is <em>edge-regular</em> with <em>parameters</em> <span class="SimpleMath">\((v,k,a)\)</span> if it is regular with parameters <span class="SimpleMath">\((v,k)\)</span>, it has at least one edge, and every pair of adjacent vertices have exactly <span class="SimpleMath">\(a\)</span> common neighbours.</p>

<p><a id="X7CF02EC580D221E8" name="X7CF02EC580D221E8"></a></p>

<h5>2.2-1 ERGParameters</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ ERGParameters</code>( <var class="Arg">gamma</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: A list or <code class="keyw">fail</code>.</p>

<p>Given a graph <var class="Arg">gamma</var>, this function returns the edge-regular graph parameters of <var class="Arg">gamma</var>. If <var class="Arg">gamma</var> is not an edge-regular graph, the function returns <code class="keyw">fail</code>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
    
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=NullGraph(Group(()),5);;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ERGParameters(gamma);</span>
fail
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=JohnsonGraph(7,3);;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">ERGParameters(gamma);</span>
[ 35, 12, 5 ]
    
  </pre></div>

<p><a id="X811393AE7E816FFA" name="X811393AE7E816FFA"></a></p>

<h5>2.2-2 IsERG</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ IsERG</code>( <var class="Arg">gamma</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> or <code class="keyw">false</code>.</p>

<p>Given a graph <var class="Arg">gamma</var>, this function returns <code class="keyw">true</code> if <var class="Arg">gamma</var> is an edge-regular graph, and <code class="keyw">false</code> otherwise.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
    
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=NullGraph(Group(()),5);;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsERG(gamma);</span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=JohnsonGraph(7,3);;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsERG(gamma);</span>
true
    
  </pre></div>

<p><a id="X8578C5A7817E2754" name="X8578C5A7817E2754"></a></p>

<h5>2.2-3 IsFeasibleERGParameters</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ IsFeasibleERGParameters</code>( [<var class="Arg">v</var>, <var class="Arg">k</var>, <var class="Arg">a</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> or <code class="keyw">false</code>.</p>

<p>Given a list of integers of length 3, <var class="Arg">[v,k,a]</var>, this function returns <code class="keyw">true</code> if <span class="SimpleMath">\(( \textit{v, k, a} )\)</span> is a feasible parameter tuple for an edge-regular graph. Otherwise, the function returns <code class="keyw">false</code>.</p>

<p>The tuple <span class="SimpleMath">\(( v, k, a )\)</span> is a <em>feasible</em> parameter tuple for an edge-regular graph if it satisfies the following well-known conditions:</p>


<ul>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\((v,k)\)</span> is a feasible regular graph parameter tuple;</p>

</li>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\(k>a\geq 0\)</span>;</p>

</li>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\(2\)</span> divides <span class="SimpleMath">\(ka\)</span> and <span class="SimpleMath">\(6\)</span> divides <span class="SimpleMath">\(vka\)</span>;</p>

</li>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\(v-2k+a \geq 0\)</span>.</p>

</li>
</ul>
<p>Any edge-regular graph must have parameters which satisfy these conditions (see <a href="chapBib_mj.html#biBBCN_1989">[BCN89]</a>).</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
    
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsFeasibleERGParameters([15,9,6]);</span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsFeasibleERGParameters([16,9,4]);</span>
true
    
  </pre></div>

<p><a id="X87124C8C7EBA8FA4" name="X87124C8C7EBA8FA4"></a></p>

<h4>2.3 <span class="Heading">Strongly regular graphs</span></h4>

<p>A graph <span class="SimpleMath">\(\Gamma\)</span> is <em>strongly regular</em> with <em>parameters</em> <span class="SimpleMath">\((v,k,a,b)\)</span> if it is edge-regular with parameters <span class="SimpleMath">\((v,k,a)\)</span>, it has at least one pair of distinct non-adjacent vertices, and every pair of distinct non-adjacent vertices have exactly <span class="SimpleMath">\(b\)</span> common neighbours.</p>

<p><a id="X7DBE09557F9F6ABD" name="X7DBE09557F9F6ABD"></a></p>

<h5>2.3-1 SRGParameters</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ SRGParameters</code>( <var class="Arg">gamma</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: A list or <code class="keyw">fail</code>.</p>

<p>Given a graph <var class="Arg">gamma</var>, this function returns the strongly regular graph parameters of <var class="Arg">gamma</var>. If <var class="Arg">gamma</var> is not a strongly regular graph, the function returns <code class="keyw">fail</code>.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
    
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=CompleteGraph(Group(()),5);;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SRGParameters(gamma);</span>
fail
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=JohnsonGraph(5,3);;            </span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">SRGParameters(gamma);</span>
[ 10, 6, 3, 4 ]
    
  </pre></div>

<p><a id="X80992E527F0BD206" name="X80992E527F0BD206"></a></p>

<h5>2.3-2 IsSRG</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ IsSRG</code>( <var class="Arg">gamma</var> )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> or <code class="keyw">false</code>.</p>

<p>Given a graph <var class="Arg">gamma</var>, this function returns <code class="keyw">true</code> if <var class="Arg">gamma</var> is a strongly regular graph, and <code class="keyw">false</code> otherwise.</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
    
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=CompleteGraph(Group(()),5);;</span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsSRG(gamma);</span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">gamma:=JohnsonGraph(5,3);;         </span>
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsSRG(gamma);</span>
true
    
  </pre></div>

<p><a id="X8436E237851A17BC" name="X8436E237851A17BC"></a></p>

<h5>2.3-3 IsFeasibleSRGParameters</h5>

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><tr><td class="tdleft"><code class="func">‣ IsFeasibleSRGParameters</code>( [<var class="Arg">v</var>, <var class="Arg">k</var>, <var class="Arg">a</var>, <var class="Arg">b</var>] )</td><td class="tdright">( function )</td></tr></table></div>
<p>Returns: <code class="keyw">true</code> or <code class="keyw">false</code>.</p>

<p>Given a list of integers of length 4, <var class="Arg">[v,k,a,b]</var>, this function returns <code class="keyw">true</code> if <span class="SimpleMath">\(( \textit{v, k, a, b} )\)</span> is a feasible parameter tuple for a strongly regular graph. Otherwise, this function returns <code class="keyw">false</code>.</p>

<p>The tuple <span class="SimpleMath">\((v,k,a,b)\)</span> is a <em>feasible</em> parameter tuple for a strongly regular graph if it satisfies the following well-known conditions:</p>


<ul>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\((v,k,a)\)</span> is a feasible edge-regular graph parameter tuple;</p>

</li>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\(k\geq b\)</span>;</p>

</li>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\((v-k-1)b = k(k-a-1)\)</span>;</p>

</li>
<li><p><span class="SimpleMath">\(v-2-2k+b \geq 0\)</span>;</p>

</li>
<li><p>the formulae for the multiplicities of the eigenvalues of a strongly regular graph with these parameters evaluate to positive integers (see <a href="chapBib_mj.html#biBBH_2011">[BH11]</a>).</p>

</li>
</ul>
<p>Any strongly regular graph must have parameters which satisfy these conditions (see <a href="chapBib_mj.html#biBBCN_1989">[BCN89]</a>).</p>


<div class="example"><pre>
    
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsFeasibleSRGParameters([15,9,4,7]);</span>
false
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">IsFeasibleSRGParameters([10,3,0,1]);</span>
true
    
  </pre></div>


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