Quelle series.gi
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#############################################################################
##
#W series.gi POLENTA package Bjoern Assmann
##
## Methods for the calculation of
## radical series, homogeneous series and composition series of matrix groups
##
#Y 2003
##
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_SplitSemisimple( base )
##
POL_SplitSemisimple := function( base )
local d, b, f, s, i;
d := Length( base );
b := PrimitiveAlgebraElement( [ ], base );
f := Factors( b.poly );
if Length( f ) = 1 then
return [ rec(
basis := IdentityMat( Length( b.elem ) ),
poly := f ) ];
fi;
s := List( f,
x -> NullspaceRatMat( Value( x, b.elem ) )
);
s := List( [ 1 .. Length( f ) ],
x -> rec( basis := s[x], poly := f[x] )
);
return s;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F RadicalOfAbelianRMGroup( mats, d )
##
## <mats> is an abelian rational matrix group
##
RadicalOfAbelianRMGroup := function( mats, d )
local coms, i, j, new, base, full, nath, indm, l, algb, newv, tmpb, subb,
f, g, h, mat;
base := [];
full := IdentityMat( d );
# nath is the natural hom. from V to V/W
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, base );
# indm for induced matrices
indm := mats;
# start spinning up basis and look for nilpotent elements
i := 1;
algb := [];
while i <= Length( indm ) do
# add next element to algebra basis
l := Length( algb );
newv := Flat( indm[i] );
tmpb := SpinnUpEchelonBase(algb, [newv], indm{[1..i]},OnMatVector );
# check whether we have added a non-semi-simple element
subb := [];
for j in [l+1..Length(tmpb)] do
mat := MatByVector( tmpb[j], Length(indm[i]) );
f := MinimalPolynomial( Rationals, mat );
g := Collected( Factors( f ) );
if ForAny( g, x -> x[2] > 1 ) then
h := Product( List( g, x -> Value( x[1], mat ) ) );
Append( subb, List( h, x -> ShallowCopy(x) ) );
fi;
od;
#Print("found nilpotent submodule of dimension ", Length(subb),"\n");
# spin up new subspace of radical
subb := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [], subb, indm, OnRight );
if Length( subb ) > 0 then
base := PreimageByNHSEB( subb, nath );
if Length( base ) = d then
# radical cannot be so big
return fail;
fi;
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, base );
indm := List( mats, x -> InducedActionFactorByNHSEB( x, nath ) );
algb := [];
i := 1;
else
i := i + 1;
fi;
od;
return rec( radical := base, nathom := nath, algebra := algb );
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_RadicalNormalGens( gens, mats, d )
##
##
## mats are normal subgroup generators for the Kernel K_p in G =<gens>
##
## returned is
## radical .... a basis for the radical
## nathom ..... homomorphism for Q^d to Q^d/radical
## algebra .... basis for the algebra Q[K_p^G] in flat form
## where K_p and G are induced to Q^d/radical
##
POL_RadicalNormalGens := function( gens, mats, d )
local coms, i, j, new, base, full, nath, indm, l, algb,
newv, tmpb, subb, f, g, h, mat,k,a,left,inducedk,right,
commutes,extended,comElement,a2,y;
# get commutators
# because Q^d ( k-1 ) \subset Rad, where k in the commutator
# subgroup <mats>'
coms := [];
for i in [1..Length( mats )] do
for j in [i+1..Length( mats )] do
new := mats[i] * mats[j] - mats[j] * mats[i];
Append(coms, new );
od;
od;
# base is a basis for the module W, the radical
base := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [], coms, gens, OnRight );
if Length( base ) = d then
# for a radical to big
return fail;
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
# nath is the natural hom. from V to V/W
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, base );
# indm for induced matrices
indm := List( mats, x -> InducedActionFactorByNHSEB( x, nath ) );
# start spinning up basis and look for nilpotent elements
i := 1;
algb := [];
while i <= Length( indm ) do
# check if the new element commutes with all elements in algb
# if not we get a nontrivial element of the commutator
commutes:=true;
for a in algb do
a2 := MatByVector( a, Length(indm[i]) );
left := indm[i]*a2;
right := a2*indm[i];
if not left=right then
commutes:=false;
break;
fi;
od;
# if it doesn't commute with all, spin up new subspace of
# the radical
extended := false;
if not commutes then
subb := left-right;
subb := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [], subb, indm, OnRight );
if Length( subb ) > 0 then
base := PreimageByNHSEB( subb, nath );
# Rad_K_p(Q^d) = Rad_G(Q^d)
# therefore <base> must be also a G-module
base := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [], base, gens, OnRight );
if Length( base ) = d then
# radical cannot be so big
return fail;
fi;
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, base );
indm := List( mats, x ->InducedActionFactorByNHSEB(x,nath ));
algb := [];
i := 1;
extended:=true;
fi;
fi;
if not extended then
# add next element to algebra basis
l := Length( algb );
newv := Flat( indm[i] );
tmpb := SpinnUpEchelonBase(algb, [newv], indm{[1..i]},
OnMatVector );
# close the basis under the conjugation action of G
for k in gens do
inducedk:=InducedActionFactorByNHSEB(k,nath);
y:=indm[i]^inducedk;
newv:=Flat(y);
tmpb := SpinnUpEchelonBase( algb, [newv], indm{[1..i]},
OnMatVector );
od;
# check whether we have added a non-semi-simple element
subb := [];
for j in [l+1..Length(tmpb)] do
mat := MatByVector( tmpb[j], Length(indm[i]) );
f := MinimalPolynomial( Rationals, mat );
g := Collected( Factors( f ) );
if ForAny( g, x -> x[2] > 1 ) then
h := Product( List( g, x -> Value( x[1], mat ) ) );
Append( subb, List( h, x -> ShallowCopy(x) ) );
fi;
od;
# spin up new subspace of radical
subb := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [], subb, indm, OnRight );
if Length( subb ) > 0 then
base := PreimageByNHSEB( subb, nath );
# Rad_K_p(Q^d) = Rad_G(Q^d)
# therefore <base> must be also a G-module
base := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [], base, gens, OnRight );
if Length( base ) = d then
# radical cannot be so big
return fail;
fi;
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, base );
indm := List( mats,x->InducedActionFactorByNHSEB( x, nath ));
algb := [];
i := 1;
else
i := i + 1;
fi;
fi;
od;
return rec( radical := base, nathom := nath, algebra := algb );
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_HomogeneousSeriesNormalGens(gens, mats, d )
##
## mats are normal subgroup generators for the Kernel K_p in G =<gens>
## returned is a homogeneous series of of K_p module Q^d
##
POL_HomogeneousSeriesNormalGens := function(gens, mats, d )
local radb, splt, nath,inducedgens, l, sers, i, sub, full, acts, rads;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return [];
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
return [full, []];
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := POL_RadicalNormalGens(gens, mats, d );
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
splt := POL_SplitSemisimple( radb.algebra );
nath := radb.nathom;
# refine radical factor and initialize series
l := Length( splt );
for i in [2..l] do
sub := Concatenation( List( [i..l], x -> splt[x].basis ) );
TriangulizeMat( sub );
Add( sers, PreimageByNHSEB( sub, nath ) );
od;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
inducedgens:=List( gens, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ) );
# use recursive call to refine radical
rads := POL_HomogeneousSeriesNormalGens(inducedgens,acts,
Length(radb.radical) );
if rads = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
return sers;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_RadicalSeriesNormalGens(gens, mats, d )
##
## mats are normal subgroup generators for the Kernel K_p in G=<gens>,
## which is a rational polycyclic matrix group.
## returned is a radical series of Q^d
##
POL_RadicalSeriesNormalGens := function(gens, mats, d )
local radb, splt, nath,inducedgens, l, sers, i, sub, full, acts, rads;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return [];
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
return [full, []];
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := POL_RadicalNormalGens(gens, mats, d );
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
nath := radb.nathom;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
inducedgens:=List( gens, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ) );
# use recursive call to refine radical
rads := POL_RadicalSeriesNormalGens(inducedgens,acts,
Length(radb.radical) );
if rads = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
return sers;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_RadicalSeriesNormalGensFullData(gens, mats, d )
##
## mats are normal subgroup generators for the Kernel K_p in G=<gens>,
## which is a rational polycyclic matrix group.
## returned is a radical series of Q^d
## and full data of the used homomorphisms and algebras
##
POL_RadicalSeriesNormalGensFullData := function(gens, mats, d )
local radb, splt, nath,inducedgens, l, sers, i, sub, full, acts,
sersFullData, rads, radsFullData, record;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return rec( sers := [], sersFullData := [] );
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
sers := [full, []];
sersFullData :=
[ rec(radical := [], nathom := [], algebra := []) ];
return rec( sers:= sers, sersFullData := sersFullData );
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := POL_RadicalNormalGens(gens, mats, d );
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
nath := radb.nathom;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
sersFullData := [radb ];
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
inducedgens:=List( gens, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ) );
# use recursive call to refine radical
record := POL_RadicalSeriesNormalGensFullData(inducedgens,acts,
Length(radb.radical) );
if record = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := record.sers;
radsFullData := record.sersFullData;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
Append( sersFullData , radsFullData );
return rec( sers := sers, sersFullData := sersFullData );
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F RadicalSeriesAbelianRMGroup( mats, d )
##
## G is an abelian rational matrix group
##
RadicalSeriesAbelianRMGroup := function( mats, d )
local radb, splt, nath, l, sers, i, sub, full, acts, rads;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return [];
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
return [full, []];
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := RadicalOfAbelianRMGroup( mats, d );
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
nath := radb.nathom;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
# use recursive call to refine radical
rads := RadicalSeriesAbelianRMGroup(acts, Length(radb.radical) );
if rads = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
return sers;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_HomogeneousSeriesAbelianRMGroup( mats, d )
##
## <mats> is an abelian rational matrix group
##
POL_HomogeneousSeriesAbelianRMGroup := function( mats, d )
local radb, splt, nath,inducedgens, l, sers, i, sub, full, acts, rads;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return [];
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
return [full, []];
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := RadicalOfAbelianRMGroup( mats, d );
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
splt := POL_SplitSemisimple( radb.algebra );
nath := radb.nathom;
# refine radical factor and initialize series
l := Length( splt );
for i in [2..l] do
sub := Concatenation( List( [i..l], x -> splt[x].basis ) );
TriangulizeMat( sub );
Add( sers, PreimageByNHSEB( sub, nath ) );
od;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
# use recursive call to refine radical
rads := POL_HomogeneousSeriesAbelianRMGroup( acts, Length(radb.radical) );
if rads = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
return sers;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F HomogeneousSeriesAbelianMatGroup( G )
##
## <G> is an abelian rational matrix group
##
# FIXME: This function is documented and should be turned into a GlobalFunction
HomogeneousSeriesAbelianMatGroup := function( G )
local mats,d;
if not IsRationalMatrixGroup( G ) or not IsAbelian( G ) then
Print( "input must be an abelian rational matrix group.\n" );
return fail;
fi;
mats := GeneratorsOfGroup( G );
d := Length( mats[1] );
return POL_HomogeneousSeriesAbelianRMGroup( mats, d );
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F RadicalSeriesPRMGroup( G )
##
## G is a rational polycyclic matrix group
##
RadicalSeriesPRMGroup := function( G )
local p,d,gens_p,bound_derivedLength,pcgs_I_p,gens_K_p,
radicalSeries,gens_K_p_m, gens, gens_K_p_mutableCopy;
gens := GeneratorsOfGroup( G );
d := Length(gens[1][1]);
# determine an admissible prime
p := DetermineAdmissiblePrime(gens);
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Chosen admissible prime: " , p );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# calculate the gens of the group phi_p(<gens>) where phi_p is
# natural homomorphism to GL(d,p)
gens_p := InducedByField( gens, GF(p) );
# determine an upper bound for the derived length of G
bound_derivedLength := d+2;
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"Determine a constructive polycyclic sequence\n",
" for the image under the p-congruence homomorphism ..." );
pcgs_I_p := CPCS_finite_word( gens_p, bound_derivedLength );
if pcgs_I_p = fail then return fail; fi;
Info(InfoPolenta,1,"finished.");
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Finite image has relative orders ",
RelativeOrdersPcgs_finite( pcgs_I_p ), "." );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# compute the normal the subgroup gens. for the kernel of phi_p
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"Compute normal subgroup generators for the kernel\n",
" of the p-congruence homomorphism ...");
gens_K_p := POL_NormalSubgroupGeneratorsOfK_p( pcgs_I_p, gens );
gens_K_p := Filtered( gens_K_p, x -> not x = IdentityMat(d) );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"finished.");
Info( InfoPolenta, 2,"The normal subgroup generators are" );
Info( InfoPolenta, 2, gens_K_p );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# radical series
gens_K_p_mutableCopy := CopyMatrixList( gens_K_p );
radicalSeries := POL_RadicalSeriesNormalGens( gens,
gens_K_p_mutableCopy,
d );
if radicalSeries=fail then return fail; fi;
return radicalSeries;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_HomogeneousSeriesPRMGroup( G )
##
## G is a rational polycyclic matrix group,
## returned is a homogeneous series of the natural K_p-module Q^d
##
POL_HomogeneousSeriesPRMGroup := function( G )
local p,d,gens_p,bound_derivedLength,pcgs_I_p,gens_K_p,
homSeries,gens_K_p_m, gens, gens_K_p_mutableCopy;
gens := GeneratorsOfGroup( G );
d := Length(gens[1][1]);
# determine an admissible prime
p := DetermineAdmissiblePrime(gens);
# calculate the gens of the group phi_p(<gens>) where phi_p is
# natural homomorphism to GL(d,p)
gens_p := InducedByField( gens, GF(p) );
# determine an upper bound for the derived length of G
bound_derivedLength := d+2;
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"determine a constructive polycyclic sequence");
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"for the image under the p-congruence homomorph.");
pcgs_I_p := CPCS_finite_word( gens_p, bound_derivedLength );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "finite image has relative orders ",
RelativeOrdersPcgs_finite( pcgs_I_p ) );
gens_K_p := POL_NormalSubgroupGeneratorsOfK_p( pcgs_I_p, gens );
# Print( "gens_K_p is equal to", gens_K_p, "\n" );
# step 4
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "compute the radical series \n");
gens_K_p_mutableCopy := CopyMatrixList( gens_K_p );
homSeries := POL_HomogeneousSeriesNormalGens( gens,
gens_K_p_mutableCopy,
d );
return homSeries;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_InducedActionToSeries (gens_K_p, radicalSeries)
##
## returns the action of the matrices in gens_K_p induced to the
## factors of radicalSeries
##
POL_InducedActionToSeries := function(gens_K_p,radicalSeries)
local action,blockGens,sizeOfBlock,d,homs,l,i,g,
actionParts,hom,image_of_g,c,a,j;
d:=Length(gens_K_p[1][1]);
homs:=[];
blockGens:=[];
l:=Length(radicalSeries)-1;
for i in [1..l] do
radicalSeries[i] := SemiEchelonMat( radicalSeries[i] ).vectors;
#TriangulizeMat( radicalSeries[i] );
# we cannot use TriangulizeMat, because
# TriangulizeMat( radicalSeries[i] ) can change
# radicalSeries[i+1]! Then radicalSeries[i+1] can fail to be
# a module.
od;
for i in [1..l] do
homs[i]:=NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( radicalSeries[i],
radicalSeries[i+1]);
od;
for hom in homs do
actionParts:=[];
for g in gens_K_p do
action:=InducedActionFactorByNHSEB( g, hom );
Add(actionParts,action);
od;
Add(blockGens,actionParts);
od;
return blockGens;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#M RadicalSeriesSolvableMatGroup( G )
##
## G is a matrix group over the Rationals
##
InstallMethod( RadicalSeriesSolvableMatGroup, "for solvable matrix groups (Polenta)",
true, [ IsCyclotomicMatrixGroup ], 0,
function( G )
local mats, d;
if not IsRationalMatrixGroup( G ) then
Print( "matrix groups must defined over the rationals" );
return fail;
fi;
if IsAbelian( G ) then
mats := GeneratorsOfGroup( G );
d := Length( mats[1] );
return RadicalSeriesAbelianRMGroup( mats, d );
else
return RadicalSeriesPRMGroup( G );
fi;
end );
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_SplitHomogeneous( base, mats )
##
## split the homogeneous module <base> into irreducibles
##
POL_SplitHomogeneous := function( base, mats )
local IrreducibleList,b,space_basis, space, basis;
IrreducibleList :=[];
# spinn up new irreducible module
basis := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [], [base[1]], mats, OnRight );
Add( IrreducibleList, basis );
# check if basis is already big enough
if Length( basis ) = Length( base ) then
# <base> = <basis> but base has nicer form
return [base];
fi;
for b in base do
# check if b is not already contained in one of the irreducible
# modules in IrreducibleList
space_basis := Concatenation( IrreducibleList );
space := VectorSpace( Rationals, space_basis, "basis" );
if not b in space then
# spin up new irreducible module
basis := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [], [b], mats, OnRight );
Add( IrreducibleList, basis );
fi;
od;
return IrreducibleList;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_IsRationalModule( base, mats )
##
POL_IsRationalModule := function( base, mats )
local V, b, m;
if Length( base ) = 0 then
return true;
fi;
V := VectorSpace( Rationals, base );
for b in base do
for m in mats do
if not b*m in V then
return false;
fi;
od;
od;
return true;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_CompositionSeriesNormalGens(gens, mats, d )
##
## mats are normal subgroup generators for the Kernel K_p in G =<gens>
## returned is composition series of the K_p-module Q^d
##
POL_CompositionSeriesNormalGens := function(gens, mats, d )
local radb, splt, nath,inducedgens, l, sers, i,j, sub, full, acts,
preImageSub, irreducibleList, k, rads, induced,
irreducibles, factorMats, isomIrreds, basis, sub2;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return [];
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
return [full, []];
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := POL_RadicalNormalGens(gens, mats, d );
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
splt := POL_SplitSemisimple( radb.algebra );
nath := radb.nathom;
# refine radical factor to irreducible components
l := Length( splt );
irreducibles := [];
# induce action to factor
factorMats := List( mats, x -> InducedActionFactorByNHSEB( x, nath ));
for i in [1..l] do
# split i^th homogeneous component into isomorphic comp.
basis := POL_CopyVectorList( splt[i].basis );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( basis, factorMats ),
"hom. component fails to be a module" );
isomIrreds := POL_SplitHomogeneous( basis, factorMats );
for j in [1..Length( isomIrreds )] do
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( isomIrreds[j], factorMats ),
"irred. component fails to be a module" );
od;
irreducibles := Concatenation( irreducibles, isomIrreds );
od;
# initialize series
k := Length( irreducibles );
for i in [2..k] do
sub := Concatenation( List( [i..k], x -> irreducibles[x] ) );
sub2 := POL_CopyVectorList( sub );
TriangulizeMat( sub2 );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( sub2, factorMats ),
"sum of irred. components fails to be a module\n" );
preImageSub := PreimageByNHSEB( sub2, nath );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( preImageSub, mats ),
"sum of irred. components fails to be a module\n" );
Add( sers, preImageSub );
od;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
inducedgens:=List( gens, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ) );
# use recursive call to refine radical
rads := POL_CompositionSeriesNormalGens(inducedgens,acts,
Length(radb.radical) );
if rads = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
return sers;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_CompositionSeriesByRadicalSeries( mats , d, sersFullData, pos )
##
## mats are generators of a triangularizable matrix group
## sersFullData contains the full data, which were obtained in the
## computation of the radical series
## returned is composition series of the <mats>-module Q^d
##
POL_CompositionSeriesByRadicalSeries := function( mats, d, sersFullData, pos)
local radb, splt, nath,inducedgens, l, sers, i,j, sub, full, acts,
preImageSub, irreducibleList, k, rads, induced,
irreducibles, factorMats, isomIrreds, basis, sub2, indm,
indm_flat, algebra;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return [];
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
return [full, []];
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := sersFullData[pos];
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
nath := radb.nathom;
splt := POL_SplitSemisimple( radb.algebra );
# refine radical factor to irreducible components
l := Length( splt );
irreducibles := [];
# induce action to factor
factorMats := List( mats, x -> InducedActionFactorByNHSEB( x, nath ));
for i in [1..l] do
# split i^th homogeneous component into isomorphic comp.
basis := POL_CopyVectorList( splt[i].basis );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( basis, factorMats ),
"hom. component fails to be a module" );
isomIrreds := POL_SplitHomogeneous( basis, factorMats );
for j in [1..Length( isomIrreds )] do
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( isomIrreds[j], factorMats ),
"irred. component fails to be a module" );
od;
irreducibles := Concatenation( irreducibles, isomIrreds );
od;
# initialize series
k := Length( irreducibles );
for i in [2..k] do
sub := Concatenation( List( [i..k], x -> irreducibles[x] ) );
sub2 := POL_CopyVectorList( sub );
TriangulizeMat( sub2 );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( sub2, factorMats ),
"sum of irred. components fails to be a module\n" );
preImageSub := PreimageByNHSEB( sub2, nath );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( preImageSub, mats ),
"sum of irred. components fails to be a module\n" );
Add( sers, preImageSub );
od;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
# use recursive call to refine radical
rads := POL_CompositionSeriesByRadicalSeries(acts,
Length(radb.radical),
sersFullData,
pos +1 );
if rads = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
return sers;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_CompositionSeriesByRadicalSeriesRecalAlg( mats , d, sersFullData, pos )
##
## mats are generators of a triangularizable matrix group
## sersFullData contains the full data, which were obtained in the
## computation of the radical series
## returned is composition series of the <mats>-module Q^d
##
## the algebras which are used for the splitting are recalculated in this
## version. This is for example necessary if the algebra basis in
## sersFullData are computed with a different group (for example K_p(<mats>))
## than <mats>.
##
POL_CompositionSeriesByRadicalSeriesRecalAlg
:= function( mats, d, sersFullData, pos)
local radb, splt, nath,inducedgens, l, sers, i,j, sub, full, acts,
preImageSub, irreducibleList, k, rads, induced,
irreducibles, factorMats, isomIrreds, basis, sub2, indm,
indm_flat, algebra;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return [];
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
return [full, []];
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := sersFullData[pos];
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
nath := radb.nathom;
#compute a base for the algebra Q[ indmats ] where
#indmats is the induced action of Q^d/radical
#and bring it in flat format
indm := List( mats, x ->InducedActionFactorByNHSEB(x,nath ));
indm_flat := List( indm, x-> Flat( x ));
algebra := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [ ], indm_flat, indm, OnMatVector );
#splt := POL_SplitSemisimple( radb.algebra );
splt := POL_SplitSemisimple( algebra );
# refine radical factor to irreducible components
l := Length( splt );
irreducibles := [];
# induce action to factor
factorMats := List( mats, x -> InducedActionFactorByNHSEB( x, nath ));
for i in [1..l] do
# split i^th homogeneous component into isomorphic comp.
basis := POL_CopyVectorList( splt[i].basis );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( basis, factorMats ),
"hom. component fails to be a module" );
isomIrreds := POL_SplitHomogeneous( basis, factorMats );
for j in [1..Length( isomIrreds )] do
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( isomIrreds[j], factorMats ),
"irred. component fails to be a module" );
od;
irreducibles := Concatenation( irreducibles, isomIrreds );
od;
# initialize series
k := Length( irreducibles );
for i in [2..k] do
sub := Concatenation( List( [i..k], x -> irreducibles[x] ) );
sub2 := POL_CopyVectorList( sub );
TriangulizeMat( sub2 );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( sub2, factorMats ),
"sum of irred. components fails to be a module\n" );
preImageSub := PreimageByNHSEB( sub2, nath );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( preImageSub, mats ),
"sum of irred. components fails to be a module\n" );
Add( sers, preImageSub );
od;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
# use recursive call to refine radical
rads := POL_CompositionSeriesByRadicalSeriesRecalAlg(acts,
Length(radb.radical),
sersFullData,
pos +1 );
if rads = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
return sers;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_CompositionSeriesAbelianRMGroup( mats, d )
##
## <mats> is an abelian rational matrix group
## returned is a composition series for the natrual <mats>-module Q^d
##
POL_CompositionSeriesAbelianRMGroup := function( mats, d )
local radb, splt, nath,inducedgens, l, sers, i, sub, full, acts,
rads, preImageSub, irreducibleList, k,
irreducibles, factorMats, isomIrreds, basis, sub2;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return [];
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
return [full, []];
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := RadicalOfAbelianRMGroup( mats, d );
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
splt := POL_SplitSemisimple( radb.algebra );
nath := radb.nathom;
# refine radical factor to irreducible components
l := Length( splt );
irreducibles := [];
# induce action to factor
factorMats := List( mats, x -> InducedActionFactorByNHSEB( x, nath ));
for i in [1..l] do
# split i^th homogeneous component into isomorphic comp.
basis := POL_CopyVectorList( splt[i].basis );
isomIrreds := POL_SplitHomogeneous( basis, factorMats );
irreducibles := Concatenation( irreducibles, isomIrreds );
od;
# initialize series
k := Length( irreducibles );
for i in [2..k] do
sub := Concatenation( List( [i..k], x -> irreducibles[x] ) );
sub2 := POL_CopyVectorList( sub );
TriangulizeMat( sub2 );
Assert( 2, POL_IsRationalModule( sub2, factorMats ),
"sum of irred. components fails to be a module\n" );
preImageSub := PreimageByNHSEB( sub2, nath );
Add( sers, preImageSub );
od;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
# use recursive call to refine radical
rads := POL_CompositionSeriesAbelianRMGroup( acts, Length(radb.radical) );
if rads = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
return sers;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F CompositionSeriesAbelianMatGroup( G )
##
## <G> is an abelian rational matrix group
##
# FIXME: This function is documented and should be turned into a GlobalFunction
CompositionSeriesAbelianMatGroup := function( G )
local mats,d;
if not IsRationalMatrixGroup( G ) or not IsAbelian( G ) then
Print( "input must be an abelian rational matrix group.\n" );
return fail;
fi;
mats := GeneratorsOfGroup( G );
d := Length( mats[1] );
return POL_CompositionSeriesAbelianRMGroup( mats, d );
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_CompositionSeriesTriangularizablRMGroup( gens, d )
##
## <mats> is a triang. rational matrix group
## returned is a composition series for the natural <gens>-module Q^d
##
POL_CompositionSeriesTriangularizableRMGroup := function( gens, d )
local p, gens_p,G, bound_derivedLength, pcgs_I_p, gens_K_p,
gens_K_p_m, gens_K_p_mutableCopy, pcgs,
gensOfBlockAction,
radSeries, comSeries, recordSeries, isTriang,gens_mutableCopy;
# determine an admissible prime
p := DetermineAdmissiblePrime(gens);
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Chosen admissible prime: " , p );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# calculate the gens of the group phi_p(<gens>) where phi_p is
# natural homomorphism to GL(d,p)
gens_p := InducedByField( gens, GF(p) );
# determine an upper bound for the derived length of G
bound_derivedLength := d+2;
# finite part
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"Determine a constructive polycyclic sequence\n",
" for the image under the p-congruence homomorphism ..." );
pcgs_I_p := CPCS_finite_word( gens_p, bound_derivedLength );
if pcgs_I_p = fail then return fail; fi;
Info(InfoPolenta,1,"finished.");
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Finite image has relative orders ",
RelativeOrdersPcgs_finite( pcgs_I_p ), "." );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# compute the normal the subgroup gens. for the kernel of phi_p
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"Compute normal subgroup generators for the kernel\n",
" of the p-congruence homomorphism ...");
gens_K_p := POL_NormalSubgroupGeneratorsOfK_p( pcgs_I_p, gens );
gens_K_p := Filtered( gens_K_p, x -> not x = IdentityMat(d) );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"finished.");
Info( InfoPolenta, 2,"The normal subgroup generators are" );
Info( InfoPolenta, 2, gens_K_p );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# radical series
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Compute the radical series ...");
gens_K_p_mutableCopy := CopyMatrixList( gens_K_p );
recordSeries := POL_RadicalSeriesNormalGensFullData( gens,
gens_K_p_mutableCopy,
d );
if recordSeries=fail then return fail; fi;
radSeries := recordSeries.sers;
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"finished.");
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "The radical series has length ",
Length( radSeries ), "." );
Info( InfoPolenta, 2, "The radical series is" );
Info( InfoPolenta, 2, radSeries );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# test if G is unipotent by abelian
isTriang := POL_TestIsUnipotenByAbelianGroupByRadSeries( gens, radSeries );
if isTriang then
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Group is triangularizable!" );
gens_mutableCopy := CopyMatrixList( gens );
# compositions series
comSeries := POL_CompositionSeriesByRadicalSeriesRecalAlg(
gens_mutableCopy,
d,
recordSeries.sersFullData,
1 );
if comSeries=fail then return fail; fi;
return comSeries;
else
Print( "The input group is not triangularizable.\n" );
return fail;
fi;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F CompositionSeriesTriangularizableMatGroup( G )
##
## <G> is a triangularizable rational matrix group
##
# FIXME: This function is documented and should be turned into a GlobalFunction
CompositionSeriesTriangularizableMatGroup := function( G )
local mats,d;
if not IsRationalMatrixGroup( G ) then
Print( "input must be a rational matrix group.\n" );
return fail;
fi;
mats := GeneratorsOfGroup( G );
d := Length( mats[1] );
if IsAbelian( G ) then
return POL_CompositionSeriesAbelianRMGroup( mats, d );
else
return POL_CompositionSeriesTriangularizableRMGroup( mats, d );
fi;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_HomogeneousSeriesByRadicalSeriesRecalAlg( mats , d, sersFullData, pos )
##
## mats are generators of a triangularizable matrix group
## sersFullData contains the full data, which were obtained in the
## computation of the radical series
## returned is homog. series of the <mats>-module Q^d
##
## the algebras which are used for the splitting are recalculated in this
## version. This is for example necessary if the algebra basis in
## sersFullData are computed with a different group (for example K_p(<mats>))
## than <mats>.
##
POL_HomogeneousSeriesByRadicalSeriesRecalAlg
:= function( mats, d, sersFullData, pos)
local radb, splt, nath,inducedgens, l, sers, i,j, sub, full, acts,
preImageSub, irreducibleList, k, rads, induced,
irreducibles, factorMats, isomIrreds, basis, sub2, indm,
indm_flat, algebra;
# catch the trivial case and set up
if d = 0 then
return [];
fi;
full := IdentityMat( d );
if Length( mats ) = 0 then
return [full, []];
fi;
sers := [full];
# get the radical
radb := sersFullData[pos];
if radb = fail then return fail; fi;
nath := radb.nathom;
#compute a base for the algebra Q[ indmats ] where
#indmats is the induced action of Q^d/radical
#and bring it in flat format
indm := List( mats, x ->InducedActionFactorByNHSEB(x,nath ));
indm_flat := List( indm, x-> Flat( x ));
algebra := SpinnUpEchelonBase( [ ], indm_flat, indm, OnMatVector );
#splt := POL_SplitSemisimple( radb.algebra );
splt := POL_SplitSemisimple( algebra );
# refine radical factor and initialize series
l := Length( splt );
for i in [2..l] do
sub := Concatenation( List( [i..l], x -> splt[x].basis ) );
TriangulizeMat( sub );
Add( sers, PreimageByNHSEB( sub, nath ) );
od;
Add( sers, radb.radical );
# induce action to radical
nath := NaturalHomomorphismBySemiEchelonBases( full, radb.radical);
acts := List( mats, x -> InducedActionSubspaceByNHSEB( x, nath ));
# use recursive call to refine radical
rads := POL_HomogeneousSeriesByRadicalSeriesRecalAlg(acts,
Length(radb.radical),
sersFullData,
pos +1 );
if rads = fail then return fail; fi;
rads := List( rads, function(x) if x=[] then return []; else
return x * radb.radical; fi;end );
Append( sers, rads{[2..Length(rads)]} );
return sers;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F POL_HomogeneousSeriesTriangularizablRMGroup( gens, d )
##
## <mats> is a triang. rational matrix group
## returned is a homogeneous series for the natural <gens>-module Q^d
##
POL_HomogeneousSeriesTriangularizableRMGroup := function( gens, d )
local p, gens_p,G, bound_derivedLength, pcgs_I_p, gens_K_p,
gens_K_p_m, gens_K_p_mutableCopy, pcgs,
gensOfBlockAction,
radSeries, comSeries, recordSeries, isTriang,gens_mutableCopy;
# determine an admissible prime
p := DetermineAdmissiblePrime(gens);
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Chosen admissible prime: " , p );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# calculate the gens of the group phi_p(<gens>) where phi_p is
# natural homomorphism to GL(d,p)
gens_p := InducedByField( gens, GF(p) );
# determine an upper bound for the derived length of G
bound_derivedLength := d+2;
# finite part
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"Determine a constructive polycyclic sequence\n",
" for the image under the p-congruence homomorphism ..." );
pcgs_I_p := CPCS_finite_word( gens_p, bound_derivedLength );
if pcgs_I_p = fail then return fail; fi;
Info(InfoPolenta,1,"finished.");
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Finite image has relative orders ",
RelativeOrdersPcgs_finite( pcgs_I_p ), "." );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# compute the normal the subgroup gens. for the kernel of phi_p
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"Compute normal subgroup generators for the kernel\n",
" of the p-congruence homomorphism ...");
gens_K_p := POL_NormalSubgroupGeneratorsOfK_p( pcgs_I_p, gens );
gens_K_p := Filtered( gens_K_p, x -> not x = IdentityMat(d) );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"finished.");
Info( InfoPolenta, 2,"The normal subgroup generators are" );
Info( InfoPolenta, 2, gens_K_p );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# radical series
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Compute the radical series ...");
gens_K_p_mutableCopy := CopyMatrixList( gens_K_p );
recordSeries := POL_RadicalSeriesNormalGensFullData( gens,
gens_K_p_mutableCopy,
d );
if recordSeries=fail then return fail; fi;
radSeries := recordSeries.sers;
Info( InfoPolenta, 1,"finished.");
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "The radical series has length ",
Length( radSeries ), "." );
Info( InfoPolenta, 2, "The radical series is" );
Info( InfoPolenta, 2, radSeries );
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, " " );
# test if G is unipotent by abelian
isTriang := POL_TestIsUnipotenByAbelianGroupByRadSeries( gens, radSeries );
if isTriang then
Info( InfoPolenta, 1, "Group is triangularizable!" );
gens_mutableCopy := CopyMatrixList( gens );
# homogeneous series
comSeries := POL_HomogeneousSeriesByRadicalSeriesRecalAlg(
gens_mutableCopy,
d,
recordSeries.sersFullData,
1 );
if comSeries=fail then return fail; fi;
return comSeries;
else
Print( "The input group is not triangularizable.\n" );
return fail;
fi;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#F HomogeneousSeriesTriangularizableMatGroup( G )
##
## <G> is a triangularizable rational matrix group
##
# FIXME: This function is documented and should be turned into a GlobalFunction
HomogeneousSeriesTriangularizableMatGroup := function( G )
local mats,d;
if not IsRationalMatrixGroup( G ) then
Print( "input must be a rational matrix group.\n" );
return fail;
fi;
mats := GeneratorsOfGroup( G );
d := Length( mats[1] );
if IsAbelian( G ) then
return POL_HomogeneousSeriesAbelianRMGroup( mats, d );
else
return POL_HomogeneousSeriesTriangularizableRMGroup( mats, d );
fi;
end;
#############################################################################
##
#E
[ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.43 Sekunden
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2026-04-02
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